河北廊坊城市化进程对降水特征的影响

利用1970-2012年廊坊市逐日降水观测资料和城市化发展资料,研究了城市化进程对廊坊地区降水特征的影响。结果表明：随着城市化的发展廊坊地区年降水量和汛期降水量分布格局发生明显改变,降水向城市化发展迅速的地区集中;城市化对降水的影响随降水强度增大而逐渐显著,且城市化发展愈迅速影响愈大;城市化使城区的降水量趋于集中,郊区的降水量趋于均化,这种趋势在未来一段时间内将持续。     

Spatial–temporal differences in climate change at different altitudes,northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the Holocene period

The history of climate change and related driving mechanisms of the Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, was reconstructed in the Holocene epoch, based on the comprehensive analysis of multi-proxies consisting of magnetic susceptibility, grain size, and geochemical elements from eolian and peat deposits at different altitudes. The results indicate that Holocene climate change at different altitudes is both consistent and different: a synchronous record of an increased warm–humid phase (10.0–8.5 ka) and a cold phase around 8.2 ka in the Early Holocene; an optimal warm–humid condition in marginal mountains of the Gonghe Basin in the Mid-Holocene; and a gradual decline in temperature and humidity in the Late Holocene. The Gonghe Basin interior in the Mid-Holocene was relatively arid, with increased moisture in the Late Holocene. On this basis, we compared our results to the paleoclimatic record in the low-latitude Asian monsoonal region, which indicates that, in addition to the Asian summer monsoonal strength having influenced regional climate change, the upward and subsidence motion of airflow over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau induced by topographic conditions, evaporation, and the feedback effect by the substrate was also influential. The latter was especially important for spatial–temporal differences in Middle and Late Holocene climatic changes at different altitudes.     

半干旱雨养农业区灌浆期模拟酸雨对春小麦叶片光合特性及产量的影响

为探明酸雨对春小麦光合特性及产量的影响,用pH为1.5、2.5、3.5、4.5和5.6的模拟酸雨在春小麦灌浆期对其进行喷淋,然后测定不同pH模拟酸雨处理后春小麦叶片的光合参数与春小麦产量。研究结果表明:①随着酸雨pH的下降,春小麦叶片净光合速率下降了9.61%~61.50%,气孔导度下降了7.03%~57.46%,蒸腾速率下降了3.70%~55.44%,胞间CO2浓度上升了27.91%~43.74%,叶绿素相对含量下降了12.12%~41.92%,产量下降了15.50%~37.05%。酸雨对春小麦叶片光合特性的影响随酸雨的氢离子浓度增大而愈显著。②酸雨pH与净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素相对含量及春小麦最终产量均呈极显著正相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈显著负相关。     

Petrogenesis of Mafic to Felsic Plutonic Rock Associations: the Calc-alkaline Querigut Complex, French Pyrenees

The Quérigut mafic–felsic rock association comprisestwo main magma series. The first is felsic comprising a granodiorite–tonalite,a monzogranite and a biotite granite. The second is intermediateto ultramafic, forming small diorite and gabbro intrusions associatedwith hornblendites and olivine hornblendites. A U–Pb zirconage of 307 ± 2 Ma was obtained from the granodiorite–tonalites.Contact metamorphic minerals in the thermal aureole providea maximum emplacement pressure of between 260 and 270 MPa. Petrographiccharacteristics of the mafic and ultramafic rocks suggest crystallizationat <300 MPa, demonstrating that mantle-derived magmas ascendedto shallow levels in the Pyrenean crust during Variscan times.The ultramafic rocks are the most isotopically primitive components,with textural and geochemical features of cumulates from hydrousbasaltic magmas. None of the mafic to ultramafic rocks havedepleted mantle isotope signatures, indicating crustal contaminationor derivation from enriched mantle. Origins for the dioritesinclude accumulation from granodiorite–tonalite magma,derivatives from mafic magmas, or hybrids. The granitic rockswere formed from broadly Proterozoic meta-igneous crustal protoliths.The isotopic signatures, mineralogy and geochemistry of thegranodiorite–tonalites and monzogranites suggest crystallizationfrom different magmas with similar time-integrated Rb/Sr andSm/Nd isotope ratios, or that the granodiorite–tonalitesare cumulates from a granodioritic to monzogranitic parent.The biotite granite differs from the other felsic rocks, representinga separate magma batch. Ages for Quérigut and other Pyreneangranitoids show that post-collisional wrenching in this partof the Variscides was under way by 310 Ma. KEY WORDS: Variscan orogeny; Pyrenees; Quérigut complex; epizonal magmatism; post-thickening; mafic–felsic association     

新近系-第四系界面撞击事件研究的新进展

通过对中国黄土高原南缘的段家坡黄土-红粘土剖面Ga/M边界(2.48MaBP)上下地层中5种微颗粒和土样微量元素的研究,进一步确定了下更新统午城组黄土底部记录着两次撞击事件的信息。较早的一次记录于L38中,年代为2.53-2.48MaBP,以多种撞击成因或与之有关的微颗粒为标志,且有丰度为58.3×10-12g/g的Ir异常和14.3×10-9g/g的Au异常给与确证。这是一次真正的N/Q界面撞击事件,在气候地层上与从上新统红粘土向更新统黄土的过渡相一致,在磁性地层上与从高斯正极性向松山反极性的转变相联系。较晚的一次记录于S37中,年代为2.43-2.42MaBP,在多种微颗粒标志中,还包括含有Ir异常分别为3.89×10-6g/g的宇宙尘和2.15×10-8g/g的生物球粒。文中用综合成因模式解释了不同特性的撞击记录共存的现象,并指出中国黄土在天文地质研究方面尚蕴藏着大量信息。      

新疆普鲁地层剖面碳酸钙和可溶盐分析结果的讨论

以塔里木盆地南缘风成砂质山地(简称砂山)的普鲁地层剖面中碳酸钙及可溶盐分析结果为依据,讨论了砂山沉积过程中的环境变迁。     

豫西钼矿集区地表水重金属时空分布特征及健康风险评价

豫西钼矿集区内长期的矿产资源开发向周围环境释放大量的重金属,区内地表水环境质量现状尚不明晰。于2019年丰水期（8月）和枯水期（12月）对矿集区内5条河流进行地表水采集,调查地表水重金属（Mo、Cd、Hg、As、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn）的时空分布特征,并用健康风险模型评价地表水重金属人体健康风险。结果表明,丰水期地表水主要污染元素为Mo、Zn和Cd,而枯水期地表水主要污染元素为Mo、Hg和Cd,大多数点位地表水符合II类标准。地表水中的Mo主要来源于钼矿;Pb和Zn主要来源于钼矿和铅锌矿;Cd主要源于金矿和铅锌矿;Hg主要源于金矿。健康风险评价结果表明,地表水重金属通过饮用水途径所致的总个人年健康风险均低于美国环保署（US EPA）推荐的最大可接受风险水平。除丰水期成人总个人年健康风险低于国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受风险水平外,丰水期儿童、枯水期成人和儿童高于ICRP推荐的最大可接受风险水平。研究的结果可为钼矿集区地表水污染防治和风险管控提供科学依据。     

莒县三措并举切实搞好耕地保护工作

损毁山体严重影响城市和交通沿线景观,景观影响度可作为一个综合指标来反映损毁山体对城市景观的影响程度。应用专家评分综合评判法结合地理信息系统确定景观影响度分级标准,对损毁山体进行景观影响程度的评价与分析,得出景观影响度分类结果,为损毁山体的治理规划和有序整治提供科学依据。     

靠倚山隧道塌方区深孔加固注浆

在室内配制了3种不同的注浆材料体系，根据不同的注浆位置和现场地层情况，采用不同的注浆材料体系和注浆工艺，较好地加固了塌方区的泥流地层，保证了隧道的重新开挖。