水分胁迫下马铃薯SnRK2基因的表达模式与生理响应

以 “大西洋”和“陇薯3号”两个品种盆栽苗为试验材料,研究了水分胁迫下马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）StSnRK2基因家族的表达特征及其与植株生理指标变化的相关性。结果表明：在发生严重水分胁迫时,“陇薯3号”和“大西洋”的抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量、相对电导率和脯氨酸含量均较对照显著提高,但增长幅度在品种间存在差异;StSnRK2基因家族的8个成员的相对表达量在“大西洋”和“陇薯3号”之间也存在明显差异,StSnRK2.1、StSnRK2.2和StSnRK2.3在两个品种中均表现为水分胁迫后相对表达量显著高于对照的趋势;StSnRK2.7的相对表达量与对照无显著差异,而StSnRK2.4在“陇薯3号”的相对表达量是对照的9.5倍,是8个基因成员在受水分胁迫后相对表达量最高的一个基因;StSnRK2.1、StSnRK2.2、StSnRK2.3、StSnRK2.4和StSnRK2.6的相对表达量均与部分生理指标呈极显著正相关,StSnRK2.5和StSnRK2.8两个基因的相对表达量与部分生理指标呈极显著负相关,StSnRK2.7基因的相对表达量与生理指标无显著相关性。     

2013 年洱源MS 5. 5 地震烈度分布及震区活动构造背景研究

2013 年洱源MS5. 5 地震震区地质构造复杂,发育有NW 向和NE 向2 组活动断裂。据野外调查和探槽揭示,震中附近的维西-乔后断裂为晚第四纪活动断裂,其新近活动时代主要在晚更新世晚期,全新世仍有较明显的活动迹象,运动性质以右旋走滑为主兼有正断。此次地震等烈度线呈NNW 向的椭圆形展布,极震区达Ⅶ度,长15km,宽10km,面积约279km2。震源机制解显示:该震源断层为正断兼走滑破裂型,与维西-乔后断裂的运动学特征基本吻合;节面Ⅱ为NW 向,与维西-乔后断裂走向基本一致。结合地震烈度分布、滑坡崩塌体分布和微震分布特征等分析推断,此次地震的发震构造应为维西-乔后断裂。震区地处滇西北横断山脉腹地,巨大的地形高差,强烈的表层岩石风化,是造成此次地震破坏较重的自然地理条件,而居民房屋多为抗震性能差的土木结构和砖木结构等简易建筑,是造成地震灾害加重的构筑物背景。     

基于岩石导电效率理论建立碳酸盐岩储层饱和度的计算方法(英文)

由于孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层的复杂孔隙结构和强非均质性,岩石导电效率与含水孔隙度之间理想的线性关系相对复杂或并不存在,故前人基于岩石导电效率理论建立含水饱和度的计算公式并不完全适用于碳酸盐岩储层。基于岩石导电效率理论,推导了岩石导电效率的计算公式,阐明了岩石导电效率与含水孔隙度之间线性关系相对复杂或并不存在的根本原因,发现了岩石导电效率与电阻率之间的幂函数关系,分析了所建立含水饱和度计算公式误差的主控因素,得出了岩石导电效率的计算精度是该方法是否能推广应用的关键。与Archie公式相比,基于岩石导电效率理论建立的含水饱和度计算公式能更准确地计算研究靶区孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层的含水饱和度。在伊拉克某油田和印尼某气田3口井碳酸盐岩储层中的应用,表明当计算岩石导电效率的相对误差不大于0.1时,所计算储层含水饱和度的绝对误差不大于0.1,基本满足孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层精细评价的需求。     

A new approach for separating mixed model parameters: application to simultaneous inversion of earthquake source parameters

A method for simultaneous determination of mixed model parameters, which have different physical dimensions or different responses to data, is presented. Mixed parameter estimation from observed data within a single model space shows instabilities and trade-offs of the solutions. We separate the model space into N-subspaces based on their physical properties or computational convenience and solve the N-subspaces systems by damped least-squares and singular-value decomposition. Since the condition number of each subsystem is smaller than that of the single global system, the approach can greatly increase the stability of the inversion. We also introduce different damping factors into the subsystems to reduce the trade-offs between the different parameters. The damping factors depend on the conditioning of the subsystems and may be adequately chosen in a range from 0.1 % to 10 % of the largest singular value. We illustrate the method with an example of simultaneous determination of source history, source geometry, and hypocentral location from regional seismograms, although it is applicable to any geophysical inversion.     

A study on variations of non-dipole magnetic field over Chinese mainland during 2000 BC to 1990 AD

We calculated and analyzed variation of the non-dipole(ND)magnetic field at the millennium scale over the Chinese mainland during 2000 BC–1900 AD using the newest global geomagnetic model,CALS3K.4(3K.4).The newest-generation IGRF(IGRF11)was used to verify the results.Taking component Z for example,we calculated and analyzed the distribution and annual change rates of the ND field during 1900–1990 AD every 5 yr,using two models.To thoroughly analyze the contributions of field sources,quadrupole and octupole fields,and others within the ND field at the surface and core-mantle boundary(CMB)were investigated.Results show that there were three main variation phases of the field during the period 2000BC–1900 AD.The mean amplitude roughly reflected the ND field because of the distribution and variation of that field,corresponding somewhat to the mean amplitude change.A magnetic anomaly of the ND field over East Asia(EA)first emerged in 1682 AD,and its extreme intensity had increased a total of 15276.95 nT by 1900 AD.Its location moved continuously southeastward after 1690 AD.The asymmetry between location and intensity of extreme points over EA,particularly during1740–1760 AD,indicates irregularity of fluid motion inside the outer core.Mean annual changes of Z are generally divided into four phases,which first oscillated between 2000 and 800 BC,then increased,decreased and increased in the periods 800BC–300 AD,300–900 AD and 900–1900 AD,respectively.The intensity of mean annual change increased a total of 22.87nT/yr.Anomaly extreme locations based on 3K.4 and IGRF11 over EA centered around 44°N and 103°E for degree(n)greater than 5,and intensities continuously increased with n.During 2000 BC–1990 AD,ND energy of Z at the surface and CMB had decreased in total by 18.29%and 23.23%,respectively.The field source of 26–210 pole fields are more or less affected by the lithospheric field.Energies of higher degree at the surface attenuate by almost 99%compared with CMB,but mean attenuation speeds of the low-degree ND field are faster than high-degree,which implies that the low-degree ND field has a deeper source.     

Improving reservoir thickness prediction using seismic attributes and attributes fusion

Usage of any single attribute would introduce unacceptable uncertainty due to limited reservoir thickness and distribution, and strong lateral variations in lithological traps. In this paper, a wide range of prestack and post-stack seismic attributes is utilized to identify a range of properties of turbidity channel sandstone reservoir in Block L118 of J Oilfield, China. In order to better characterize the turbidity channel and lower the uncertainty, we applied multi-attribute fusion to weight a variety of seismic attributes in terms of their relevance to the identification of turbidity channel reservoir. Turbidity channel boundary is clearly present in the new attribute and the reservoir thickness prediction is improved. Additionally, fluid potential of reservoir was predicted using this fused attribute with a high value anomaly indicating high fluid potential. The multi-attribute fusion is a valid approach for the fine prediction of lithologic reservoirs, reducing the risks typically associated with exploration.     

长江口海平面上升对崇明三岛除涝安全的影响研究

对长江口海平面上升动态及其对沿海潮汐特性的影响进行了简析。结合长江口崇明三岛地区除涝安全面临海平面上升的影响和威胁,分别建立了基于海平面上升的上海市崇明三岛水系一维平原感潮河网水动力模型,深入开展了海平面上升对三岛地区除涝安全影响的模拟研究。结果显示,至2030年,长江口海平面上升10～16 cm,崇明三岛片区的面平均除涝最高水位、局部除涝最高水位均呈上升趋势,其中,崇明岛片受影响最大,对应水位将分别上升3～5 cm、4～6 cm;长兴岛片受影响次之,对应水位将分别上升3～4 cm、3～5 cm;横沙岛片受影响相对最小,对应水位均将上升1～2 cm;长江口海平面上升对崇明三岛的除涝安全影响在可控范围内。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区三叠系延长组震积岩及其地质意义

通过对26口井岩心观察,结合区域构造背景,在鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区三叠系延长组中识别出典型的震积岩。该区震积岩代表性沉积构造有液化砂脉、液化卷曲变形、环状层理、负载构造、球枕构造、微断层、微裂缝、震裂岩与震碎角砾岩,其中液化砂脉和液化卷曲变形是地震引起的主要软沉积变形构造。震积岩垂向序列划分为两类:一种以脆性变形为主,自下向上依次为下伏未震层,扰动层,微断层、微裂缝及震裂岩层段,液化卷曲变形层段,震碎角砾岩层段,液化砂脉层段及上覆未震层;另一种以软沉积变形为主,自下至上依次为下伏未震层,环状层段,扰动层,球枕构造及负载构造层段,液化砂脉及液化卷曲变形层,枕状层及上覆未震层。富县探区延长组中的震积岩说明在该盆地晚三叠世存在一个强地震事件活跃期;震积岩中的微裂缝、微断层、震裂岩及液化砂脉可改善储集层物性,同时震碎角砾岩和网状砂脉也是良好的储集层。     

一种新的轮廓线三维地质表面重建方法

在三维地质建模中,由于地质剖面与医学CT有本质上的相似性,因此,轮廓线的三维表面重建技术有广泛的应用。目前,较为成熟的算法并没有考虑地质数据的特殊性,由于地质体形态复杂多变,地质剖面稀疏、数据来源多样等特点,将普适的算法应用到地质建模中,只是解决了重建曲面的合理性,并没有关注曲面的几何质量,导致曲面无法达到地质建模对于模型质量的要求。本文针对地质数据的特点,提出了一种新的轮廓线表面重构方法。在不改变轮廓线连接的合理性与正确性的情况下,通过生成过渡剖面轮廓线,克服传统方法生成曲面过于粗糙的缺点,以提高建模质量。在Creatar三维地质基础平台上,对多种情况的剖面数据实验结果表明,在数据稀疏的情况下达到了良好的建模效果。该方法的扩展模型满足了地质剖面轮廓线建模中复杂地质情况,以及交叉剖面数据的曲面重建,且算法复杂度低,实现简单,有较强的实用性。     

The clustering of barred galaxies in the local Universe

We study the clustering properties of barred galaxies using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We compute projected redshift-space two-point cross-correlation functions   w _p( r _p)  for a sample of nearly 1000 galaxies for which we have performed detailed structural decompositions using the methods described in Gadotti. The sample includes 286 barred galaxies. The clustering of barred and unbarred galaxies of similar stellar mass is indistinguishable over all the scales probed (∼20 kpc–30 Mpc). This result also holds even if the sample is restricted to bars with bluer   g − i   colours (and hence younger ages). Our result also does not change if we split our sample of barred galaxies according to bar-to-total luminosity ratio, bar boxyness, effective surface brightness, length or the shape of the surface density profile within the bar. There is a hint that red, elliptical bars are more strongly clustered than red and less elliptical bars, on scales  ≳1 Mpc  , although the statistical significance is not high. We conclude that there is no significant evidence that bars are a product of mergers or interactions. We tentatively interpret the stronger clustering of the more elliptical bars as evidence that they are located in older galaxies, which reside in more massive haloes.