青海共和盆地东北缘中-新生代热演化史:来自沟后杂岩体及当家寺岩体的低温热年代学证据

青藏高原东北部中-新生代隆升初始的时间、位置多有争议。共和盆地处于秦岭、祁连、昆仑造山带的结合部,是研究盆-山耦合、构造热演化的理想位置。新近在盆地东北部发现了异常高温的干热岩体,其热源机制和经历的热历史过程是进一步地热藏开发的关键。本文对盆地东北缘青海南山和沟后杂岩体以及盆地内瓦里贡-过马营隆起的当家寺岩体进行了系统的低温热年代学分析,以追溯该区经历的热历史。磷灰石裂变径迹和（U-Th）/He模拟结果显示,当家寺岩体和沟后杂岩体自三叠纪结晶以来,在侏罗纪-白垩纪,经历200~150Ma和135~100Ma两期快速冷却抬升,可能与羌塘地体和拉萨地体依次向北碰撞拼接在青藏高原东北部的远程效应有关。裂变径迹和（U-Th）/He模拟结果显示,沟后杂岩体记录到晚中新世（15~5Ma）的快速冷却事件,而盆地东部当家寺岩体的样品未记录到该期的快速冷却事件,可能是北倾的青海南山南缘逆冲断裂晚新生代再活动使得沟后杂岩体在新近纪晚期快速隆升造成,而当家寺岩体主要受右行走滑-逆冲的瓦里贡断裂的控制,并未发生该时期的快速冷却抬升事件。因此,青藏高原东北部差异隆升、热历史过程不仅受区域构造作用的控制,也明显受不同时期的活动断裂及古地貌的影响。共和盆地东北缘露头岩体热历史过程未见到明显的中新世以来的增热现象,与共和盆地内干热岩存在的增热特征不同。     

月球重力场模型研究进展和我国将来月球卫星重力梯度计划实施

本文介绍了基于国际探月观测数据建立的月球重力场模型:8×4、15×8、13×13、5×5、7×7、16×16-1/2/3、Lun60d、GLGM-1/2、LP75D/G、LP100K/J、LP165P、LP150Q和SGM90d;通过对比SST-HL/LL-Doppler-VLBI和SST-HL/SGG-Doppler-VLBI跟踪观测模式的优缺点,建议我国将来首期月球卫星重力测量计划采用SST-HL/SGG-Doppler-VLBI较优;其次,通过对比静电悬浮、超导和量子卫星重力梯度仪的优缺点,建议我国将来首期月球卫星重力梯度计划采用静电悬浮重力梯度仪;并建议我国将来首颗月球重力梯度卫星的轨道高度(50～100 km)选择在已有月球探测卫星的测量盲区,轨道倾角(90°±3°)设计为有利于月球卫星观测数据全球覆盖的近极轨模式。     

“萤火一号”火星探测计划进展和Mars-SST火星卫星重力测量计划研究

本文回顾了国际火星探测计划的历史进程和科学意义,介绍了中国"萤火一号"火星探测计划的基本参数、发射过程、科学目标、核心载荷和关键技术,并且提出了中国将来Mars-SST火星卫星重力测量计划的实施建议:①基于探测精度较高、技术需求较少、测定速度较快、定轨要求较低、可借鉴GRACE的成功经验等优点,采用SST-LL-Doppler-VLBI系统观测模式;②先期开展高精度激光干涉星间测距仪、非保守力补偿系统等关键载荷和地面Doppler-VLBI系统的研制;③卫星轨道高度和星间距离分别设计为50～100 km和100±50 km;④先期开展仿真模拟研究。     

梅汛期100hPa南亚高压特征与江苏梅雨关系研究

通过2002～2005年南亚高压特征指数、高空槽变化过程分析,讨论了南压高压对江苏梅雨期和主要降水落区的影响.并结合近15年南亚高压特征指数,探讨了不同梅雨年型的特征指数区域分布关系.同时利用2002～2005年45年NCEP 100 hPa高度场资料,分析了不同梅雨年型高空环流形势差异.得出:(1) 南亚高压特征指数变化和西风槽移动与江苏梅期(入梅、出梅、梅期、梅雨量和落区)特征有密切关系.(2) 梅雨期100 hPa南亚高压的平均特征对梅期特征和梅雨年型有很好的对应关系.6～7月和梅雨期间南亚高压脊线和东伸指数平均值对梅雨强度指数具有一定的预报指示意义.     

陕西石梯钡矿床中流体包裹体特征及成因意义

陕西石梯重晶石-毒重石矿床产于南秦岭早古生代大型钡成矿带中。矿石类型有重晶石矿石、毒重石矿石、重晶石-毒重石混合矿石和钡解石矿石,但以重晶石矿石为主。经显微测温表明,重晶石中流体包裹体的均一温度范围为103.4～253.1℃(主峰值140～160℃),盐度范围为(0.35～10.73)wt%NaCleqv;毒重石中流体包裹体的均一温度范围为152.8～303.7℃(主峰值200～220℃),盐度范围为(0.18～9.73)wt%NaCleqv;钡解石中流体包裹体的均一温度范围为107.8～260.0℃(主峰值160～200℃),盐度范围为(0.71～8.41)wt%NaCleqv。经激光拉曼分析表明,在矿物流体包裹体的气相组成中,各矿物有一定差异:重晶石含一定量N2、H2S和CH4,毒重石含大量CO2和N2,而钡解石含有CO2、N2和CH4。成矿流体温度相对较高、富含CO2是形成毒重石的重要条件。     

蒙古国博洛大型金矿区花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年及地质意义

本文首次对博洛金矿床容矿围岩—博洛黑云母花岗岩进行锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测定, 获得两组年龄441.9±6.6 Ma和452.2±3.9 Ma, 表明博洛花岗杂岩体应属于早古生代晚期岩浆活动的产物。其主量元素特征表现为高硅(SiO2=75.90?10?2~76.43?10?2)、富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.52~1.72)、富碱((K2O+Na2O)=8.03?10?2~ 8.22?10?2, 碱度率AR=3.99~4.13)、低钙(CaO=0.77?10?2~0.97?10?2)、弱过铝质(A/CNK=1.02~1.05)的特点; 稀土元素ΣREE=(160.56~91.28)×10?6, δEu=0.19~0.41, 稀土元素分布型式为具有明显负铕异常“燕型”曲线。微量元素除P、Ti相对原始地幔略有亏损外, 其它微量元素都表现出不同程度富集, 蛛网图曲线总体为右倾的趋势。(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.70986~0.70891, 说明其岩浆来源应主要是壳源, 但受到幔源物质的混染; (143Nd/144Nd)i=0.512138~0.512115, 平均0.512127, εNd(t)变化在+1.4~+1.2, 平均+1.3, 为正值, 具有幔源的特点。这些特征表明博洛黑云母花岗岩为壳幔相互作用的产物, 并有新生地幔物质加入, 产于造山后环境。博洛金矿床的形成时代为早侏罗世, 博洛花岗杂岩仅仅为金矿床的容矿围岩, 为矿床提供容矿空间, 与金矿床成因关系不密切。     

蒙古国呼勒德地区正长岩锆石SHRIMP铀-铅年龄及其地质意义

呼勒德稀土元素矿化区位于蒙古国中戈壁省南部, 区内稀土元素和金矿(化)点星罗棋布, 为蒙古中南部最重要的金属矿化集中区之一。在所有上述矿床(点)中, 稀土元素矿化在下二叠统火山-沉积岩内呈似层状、脉状和透镜体状产出, 并且与呼勒德碱性正长岩株具有密切空间分布关系。本次研究对呼勒德正长岩进行了锆石SHRIMP铀-铅同位素年龄测定, 所获同位素年龄值为(214.3 ± 2.5)Ma, MSWD值为0.52, 属中生代印支期。根据上述同位素年代学数值, 同时结合其他地质与地球化学证据, 可以推测, 中生代时期, 受古陆块内部构造应力调整作用影响, 呼勒德地区一带及东西两侧曾发生过强烈构造-岩浆活动, 并且形成碱性正长岩株及相关的稀土元素矿(化)点。印支期碱性岩浆活动不仅为稀土元素矿(化)点的形成提供了物质、动力和热力来源, 而且是成矿流体对流循环的“发动机”。对比分析结果表明, 呼勒德碱性正长岩体的形成时间与南蒙古鲁金郭勒碱性花岗斑岩脉及相关稀土元素矿床形成时代大体相似, 它们均是地壳演化特定阶段混源(壳、幔源)岩浆活动的产物。     

内蒙拜仁达坝超大型Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床中针硫锑铅矿的发现与成因意义

在内蒙拜仁达坝超大型Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床中,产出针硫锑铅矿。与其共生的金属矿物主要为方铅矿、银黝铜矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、块硫锑铅矿等。针硫锑铅矿呈长柱状、针状、毛发状、束状和不规则状等,粒度变化较大,一般为0.05～4mm,最大可达12mm。反光显微镜下为灰白色,强非均性,显微硬度VHN100g=93.25～127.39kg/mm2(平均111.05kg/mm2),相当于摩氏硬度3.06～3.40(平均3.24)。矿物主要化学成分质量分数为:Pb52.20%～57.80%(平均54.89%),Sb22.26%～28.13%(平均26.08%),S18.65%～19.62%(平均19.01%),并含有少量的Fe、Cu、Zn、Ag和As等元素。相应的平均化学分子式为(Pb4.91,Cu0.04,Fe0.03,Zn0.01)4.99(Sb3.97,As0.04)4.01S11.00,标准化学式为Pb5Sb4S11。晶体为单斜晶系对称,晶胞参数值a=2.156nm,b=2.349nm,c=0.810nm。矿床中针硫锑铅矿的形成,与成矿温度较低、硫逸度升高以及还原作用密切相关。     

Current crustal motion and deformation in the Chinese mainland and its surrounding area determined from GPS data

Based on the geodetic data taken from the National GPS Network established by China Climbing Program "Investigation of Crust Motion and Geodynamics in Modern Time",we derived the movement velocities of the GPS sites. In terms of the power series expansion of a rotation function for horizontal velocities on a spherical surface proposed by Haines and Holt (1993), we computed the horizontal velocity and strain-rate field. We preliminarily studied the appearances and characteristics of the present-day crustal movement and deformation in the Chinese mainland with the computed results. The researches demonstrated: ① The present-day crustal movement and deformation in the Chinese mainland are being jointly controlled by Indian, Pacific and Philippines Ocean Plates and Siberia-Mongolia block, and these three large plates and block form a situation of tripartite confrontation, but Indian Plate seems to play a leading role; ② The North-South Earthquake Zone plays an important adjustment role in the present-day crustal movement and deformation process, displaying clear characteristics of demarcation line of tectonics in large areas; ③ There seems to be another adjustment zone along the latitude line approximate N35°, but its characteristics are less obvious than that of the former; ④ Dynamic actions of these three large plates and block on the Chinese mainland are dynamic stable; appearing in stable push-press velocities. These results are generally accorded with the results determined from geology, geophysics, and seismology. By the contrast with seismicities, it appears preliminarily that there is some corresponding relation between intense shear strain zone and future strong seismicity area, but this problem needs further examination of earthquake examples.     

Deformation at the Easternmost Altyn Tagh Fault: Constraints on the Growth of the Northern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

How the Altyn Tagh fault(ATF) extends eastwards is one of the key questions in the study of the growth of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Detailed fieldwork at the easternmost part of the ATF shows that the ATF extends eastward and bypasses the Kuantan Mountain; it does not stop at the Kuantan Mountain, but connects with the northern Heishan fault in the east. The ATF does not enter the Alxa Block but extends eastward along the southern Alxa Block to the Jintanan Mountain. The Heishan fault is not a thrust fault but a sinistral strike-slip fault with a component of thrusting and is a part of the ATF. Further to the east, the Heishan fault may connect with the Jintananshan fault. A typical strike-slip duplex develops in the easternmost part of the ATF. The cut and deformed Quaternary sediments and displaced present gullies along the easternmost ATF indicate that it is an active fault. The local highest Mountain(i.e., the Kuantan Mountain) in the region forms in a restraining bend of the ATF due to the thrusting and uplifting. The northward growth of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and the active deformation in South Mongolia are realized by sinistral strike-slipping on a series of NE–SW-trending faults and thrusting in restraining bends along the strike-slip faults with the northeastward motion of blocks between these faults.