Evaluation of estimation methods for meiofaunal biomass from a meiofaunal survey in Bohai Bay

Studies in the coastal area of Bohai Bay,China,from July 2006 to October 2007,suggest that the method of meiofaunal biomass estimation affected the meiofaunal analysis.Conventional estimation methods that use a unique mean individual weight value for nematodes to calculate total biomass may cause deviation of the results.A modified estimation method,named the Subsection Count Method (SCM),was also used to calculate meiofaunal biomass.This entails only a slight increase in workload but generates results of g...     

Eclogite-melt/peridotite reaction: Experimental constrains on the destruction mechanism of the North China Craton

To study the mechanism of melt-peridotite reaction pertinent to the destruction of the North China Craton (NCC) lithosphere, a series of experiments were performed at a pressure of 2.0 GPa and temperatures from 1250 to 1400°C using Bixiling eclogite and Damaping peridotite as starting materials. The experimental results show that the reaction between eclogite melt and peridotite causes dissolution of olivine and orthopyroxene and precipitation of clinopyroxene in the melt. The experimental run products, cha...     

东亚地区春季黑碳气溶胶源排放及其浓度分布

本研究收集整理了东亚地区一个黑碳气溶胶的排放源,并利用一个三维化学输送模式系统模拟研究了东亚地区春季黑碳气溶胶的输送和演变过程.黑碳气溶胶浓度的模拟值与地面观测站和观测船获取的监测值相比,模拟值与监测值具有良好的一致性,这表明本研究收集整理的黑碳气溶胶的排放量及其分布是基本合理的,模式系统较好地反映了黑碳气溶浓度的时空分布和变化趋势,再现了许多观测到的重要特征.模拟结果表明,东亚地区春季间隙性的长距离输送对于西北太平洋海域的黑碳气溶胶浓度分布具有非常重要的影响.     

大气湍流能谱的精细结构及能量级串

利用小波变换和傅里叶分析对近地层大气湍流脉动资料进行了分析,发现波数空间能谱著名 的“-5/3”标度律成立的区间中存在突变点;还发现对应于小波变换时间尺度2j,j=1, 2,…,j0,高频分量按照2(j-2)-1(j>1)的方式级串,这符合同步级串的物理图象 ;在标度区间内高频分量作用于幂律局部特征的效果是平均的,不存在影响标度指数的特征 频谱. 利用不同高度大气湍流资料和不同小波基函数作变换,结果是一致的. 我们还对H= 1/3的分形布朗运动产生的随机序列进行了对比实验,发现从能谱角度,实际发达大气湍流 偏离高斯分布的程度很小,二者的差别只在高阶标度律时明显.      

青藏高原珠峰绒布河谷地区大气近地层观测研究

利用“珠峰环境监测2001”期间获得的绒布河谷近地层观测资料,分析研究了珠峰地区近地层大气温度、湿度、风向风速、地表温度和辐射等气象要素的日间平均分布规律,并探讨了它们之间的相互关系,指出诸如下垫面性质、地形特征、水陆分布差异等造成珠峰地区气象要素特殊分布的原因,为全面认识青藏高原大气边界层结构,考察珠峰环境,研究该地区地-气之间物质和能量交换提供科学的事实依据。     

贝壳珍珠层的X射线衍射研究

珍珠层中文石晶体的择优取向是珍珠层具有优异力学性能的重要原因之一，通过对三角帆蚌贝壳珠层的X射线衍射研究，表明珍珠层除存在公认的（002）面网平行珍珠层面的强烈定向文石晶体外，还有强烈的（012）面网平行珍珠层面的亲新定向文石晶体，且在同一贝壳的不同位置，该两种取向的择优取向度变化较大，充分说明了珍珠层结构的不均匀性。     

SHORT COMMUNICATION THE RELATIONSHIP OF CLOSURE,MEAN CENTERING AND MATRIX RANK INTERPRETATION

This paper describes an investigation into the relationship of closure,a baseline offset and mean centeringto the interpretation of matrix rank.The equivalence of a certain type of closure to a constant baseline(i.e.a simple numerical offset which may vary between response channels but is constant over all samples)is demonstrated.A systematic approach to the interpretation of the rank of a matrix is given.     

MODEL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SOIL NO EMISSIONS ON SURFACE OZONE

The effect of soil NO emissions on surface ozone in autumn in East China has been studied byusing TCTM(Troposphere Chemical Transport Model)with the input of meteorological variablesfrom RAMS.The chemical mechanism for ozone variation caused by soil emissions has also beeninvestigated.The model results reveal that soil NO emissions are important to regional ozoneformation and distribution and the effect of soil NO emissions shows spatial inhomogeneity.Ozoneover most areas in northern China decreases with maximum average decrement reaching 5 ppbwhile it increases over most areas of central and southern China with maximum average incrementreaching 7 ppb caused by soil NO emissions.This situation of ozone variation is mainly determinedby nonlinear photochemical mechanism.For the low NOx areas(≤3 ppb),ozone increases as NOxincreases;for the high NOx areas(>3 ppb),ozone decreases as NOx increases.The effect of soilNO emissions on ozone depends on the transition value and NOx concentrations.     

北极斯瓦尔巴德地区近地层大气观测研究 I.平均场特征

利用“中国科学探险协会2002年北极科学探险考察”期间, 在斯瓦尔巴德地区政府所在地朗伊尔宾城架设的两个自动气象站记录的气象资料, 分析了该地区气象要素平均值的日变化, 给出了这一极端环境区夏季近地层气象要素的基本物理图像: 太阳辐射、大气温度、地表温度和大气湿度等气象要素的日变化都呈单峰分布; 地气温差因地而异, 不同下垫面类型大气能量的源汇不同; 局地环流多种多样, 冰川风、海陆风、山谷风相互叠加, 主导风向各地不一。     

ADVANCES IN SECOND-ORDER CALIBRATION

Several multivariate methods are now available for the calibration of second-order or hyphenatedinstruments(e.g.GC/MS).When applied to bilinear data,it has been shown that calibration can beperformed in the presence of unknown interferences-a significant advantage over first-order calibration.In this paper,non-bilinear rank annihilation(NBRA),a method which has the potential of handling,second-order non-bi-linear data,is studied through theoretical analysis and computer simulation.It isfound that the second-order advantage can be carried over to non-bilinear data if a property defined asnet analyte rank(NAR)holds for the analyte of interest.The net analyte signal(NAS)is definedaccordingly for second-order calibration and the analogy to and difference from lower-order calibrationare discussed.With NAS,some analytical figures of merit such as signal-to noise ratio,selectivity,sensitivity and limit of determination can be calculated for second order calibration.An application toMS/MS data is also given.