中小型水库建设用地地质灾害评估内容与方法——以四川通江县二郎庙水库为例

以通江县二郎庙水库建设用地地质灾害危险性评估为例,介绍类似的中、小型水库工程建设用地地质灾害危险性评估的内容与方法.     

An exploratory analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of the ecological status of the Upper Yellow and Yangtze Rivers

This study presents findings of the first systematic analysis of aquatic biotic assemblages in the source region of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It provides an initial basis with which to select representative organisms as indicators to assess the aquatic ecological status of rivers in this region. Macroinvertebrates are considered to be good indicators of long-term environmental changes due to their restricted range and persistence over time. Field investigations of macroinvertebrates were conducted in August 2009 in the source region of the Yellow River, and in July 2010 in the source region of the Yangtze River. Altogether 68 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to 29 families and 59 genera were identified. Among them were 8 annelids, 5 mollusks, 54 arthropods and 1 other animal. In the source region of the Yellow River, taxa number, density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were 50, 329 individuals m2 and 0.3966 g dry weight m2, respectively. Equivalent figures for the source region of the Yangtze River were 29, 59 individuals m2 and 0.0307 g dry weight m-2. The lower benthic animal resources in the source region of the Yangtze River are ascribed to higher altitude, higher sediment concentration and wetland degradation. Preliminary findings of this exploratory study indicate that hydroelectric power stations had a weak impact on benthic dwellers but wetland degradation caused by a series of human activities had a catastrophic impact on survival of macroinvertebrates. Ecological protection measures such as conservative grazing and vegetation management are required to minimize grassland degradation and desertification, and reduce soil erosion rate and river sediment discharge.     

Transcriptional response of Microcystis aeruginosa to the recruitment promoting-benthic bacteria

Blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa occur frequently in many freshwater ecosystems around the world, but the mechanism of recovery has not been fully understood. I...     

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蚌埠地震台测震干扰分析及处理

对蚌埠地震台测震数据中的干扰信号进行分析,并对其进行滤波处理,结果表明,根据干扰源特性分别设计相应的滤波器,能够解决台站测震数据受到的干扰,达到了预期的效果。     

高频GPS数据的单点精密定位法在测震学中的应用

使用武汉大学提供的PANDA软件,对高频GPS数据利用非差精密定位方法进行处理。对观测点记录到的代表不同震级及震中距的几个地震的高频GPS数据分析结果和地震仪进行同震效应的对比分析。结果表明:GPS可以很好的测量地震时期的地震波信号,同时对地表的永久性位移也有一定的反映,可以发展成为新型的GPS地震仪。GPS高频数据对于震级大、震源深的地震其捕获能力更强。GPS高频数据可以对测点强震仪起到很好的补充作用,但其处理软件的精度和模型还有待于进一步的提高。     

测定堆石体密度的附加质量法的实验研究

由于附加质量法具有方便,无损等优点,近年来在堆石体密度的检测中已经有了较为广泛的应用,但是目前对于该方法的研究仍不够深入,而且常用的附加质量法测试过程仍然有一定缺陷,需要进一步改进.本文以在糯扎渡水电站进行的一系列实验为基础,对附加质量法检测堆石体密度中存在的一些问题进行了研究并提出了改进建议,主要包括:1)通过公式推导和实验发现,当附加质量的级数较小时,主频提取的误差会对刚度的测试结果造成较大的影响,建议将附加质量的级数由常见的5级增加到10级以上;2)通过对实验数据的分析发现目前的主频数据确定方法包含较强的主观因素,容易造成较大的误差,而采用t检验准则剔除异常数据并求取算术平均值的主频统计确定方案更为合理;3)利用实验研究了测试参数及质量块旁边放置重物对主频提取的影响情况,发现偏移距和震源高度及质量块旁边放置重物对主频的数值都有一定的影响,而且震源高度较高,偏移距较小时主频提取的稳定性较高.因此建议测试过程中应保证震源参数不变,偏移距取20cm,震源高度取60cm.并且在距离质量块1m以内的区域内应尽量避免放置重物,尤其是尽量避免放置重量接近或超过质量块的重物.本文的研究结果有助于提高附加质量法在测定堆石体密度时的准确性.     

中国东南屯溪-温州宽角地震资料去广角效应成像

由于长排列广角地震采集中必定存在超临界角的广角反射信息,广角反射信息相对临界角内反射信息存在随偏移距变化的时移现象.本文研究了去广角效应下的走时反演成像,并将其应用到东南屯溪—温州的宽角地震资料.通过拾取中国东南屯溪—温州剖面宽角实际地震资料中P波垂直分量拾取到的反射P波走时,继而使用遗传反演方法进行处理,得到了该区丰乐、新安江、松阳、青田以及洞头五炮去广角效应与未考虑广角效应情况下的一维速度深度曲线,并对比了去广角效应前后的地壳结构界面形态.结果表明,广角效应去除前后影响主要体现在壳内层速度差异,地壳浅层界面深度的广角效应明显强于深层界面.     

煤岩摩擦电荷感应规律分析

利用自主研制的电荷感应仪,建立煤岩体摩擦电荷感应试验系统.研究了煤、花岗岩、砂岩在摩擦条件下的电荷感应规律.试验结果表明:煤岩体摩擦均能快速产生电荷感应信号,且电荷信号幅值在一定的范围内,花岗岩摩擦产生电荷信号大于煤摩擦产生电荷信号,砂岩摩擦产生电荷信号最小.煤岩体摩擦产生的电荷感应信号小于单轴压缩条件下的电荷感应信号,说明煤岩体摩擦起电只是煤岩体电荷感应信号中具有重要作用的一部分,这对研究煤岩体电荷感应机理有一定的作用.     

Flood season segmentation based on the probability change-point analysis technique

Abstract

The segmentation of flood seasons has both theoretical and practical importance in hydrological sciences and water resources management. The probability change-point analysis technique is applied to segmenting a defined flood season into a number of sub-seasons. Two alternative sampling methods, annual maximum and peaks-over-threshold, are used to construct the new flow series. The series is assumed to follow the binomial distribution and is analysed with the probability change-point analysis technique. A Monte Carlo experiment is designed to evaluate the performance of proposed flood season segmentation models. It is shown that the change-point based models for flood season segmentation can rationally partition a flood season into appropriate sub-seasons. China's new Three Gorges Reservoir, located on the upper Yangtze River, was selected as a case study since a hydrological station with observed flow data from 1882 to 2003 is located 40 km downstream of the dam. The flood season of the reservoir can be reasonably divided into three sub-seasons: the pre-flood season (1 June–2 July); the main flood season (3 July–10 September); and the post-flood season (11–30 September). The results of flood season segmentation and the characteristics of flood events are reasonable for this region.

Citation Liu, P., Guo, S., Xiong, L. & Chen, L. (2010) Flood season segmentation based on the probability change-point analysis technique. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(4), 540–554.