SILTATION RATE IN A TRENCH DREDGED ON FLOODPLAIN IN ESTUARY

I. INTRODUCTIONA discharge of 100--200 m3 / s is needed to be diverted from a tidal reach and utilized as cooling water for a Droposed power plant in the Yangtze Estuary. The diversionchannel is divided into two parts by a levee along the river bank, an open channel stretchinside the levee is connected with a trench dredged on the floodplain, as shown in Pig. 1.Since the flow and sediment regimes in these two stretches are different, analysis is madeseparately for each of them.11. ESTI…     

Hydration, 18O enrichment and oxidation during ocean floor hydrothermal metamorphism of ophiolitic metabasic rocks from E. Liguria,Italy

During ocean-floor hydrothermal metamorphism of a 225 m thick allochthonous Jurassic sequence of ophiolitic pillow lavas and underlying material in E. Liguria, Italy, the rocks were hydrated, enriched in ¹⁸O and oxidised. H₂O⁺ contents increased from ~0.3 to 3.8 wt.%, δ¹⁸O values increased from ~ +6‰ to values as high as +13.2‰, and ($\text{Fe}{}_2\text{O}{}_3\text{FeO}$1) increased from 0.18 to ratios as high as 1.0. Both δ¹⁸O values and oxidation ratios decrease in the original direction of increasing depth. Pillow margins are consistently more enriched in ¹⁸O and are more oxidised than cores.These observations are qualitatively interpreted in terms of a non-isothermal, heterogeneous reaction model of interaction of basalt with oxygen-bearing sea water during flow through the packed bed of pillows. Fluid flow approximated undirectional downward motion, and occurred in the recharge part of a cycle of single pass convection. Mass transfer through the pile was by flow (infiltration metasomatism), whereas intra-pillow mass transfer was diffusional. Oxygen isotope exchange and oxidation did not occur under conditions of perfect incremental equilibrium. An integrated bulk volumetric water/rock ratio of ~2 × 10³:1 is estimated from the oxidation profile.     

Environmental evolution of Gongwang Mountains during Holocene in northeastern Yunnan, China

This paper presents the study on two continuous glacio-lacustrine sedimentary deposits, Laotanfang （3 597 m） and Shibantang （3 689 m） located on the southern and northern sides of Hulifang peak in Yunan, China. Environmental change indexes are constructed for each deposit, based on grain size, geochemical and pollen analysis, environmental magnetic susceptibility, and 14C dating. The study of climatic environmental change since the Holocene epoch in this region shows that the climate fluctuated at different stages during the early Holocene, that is, the climate was cool and wet during 8.4-7. 7r ka, cold and wet during 7.7-6. 5 ka, cold and dry during 6. 5-4.7 ka, cool and wet during 4.7-2. 1 ka, warm and wet during 2. 1-1.0 ka, and warmer and wet since 1 ka. These findings reflect the overlapping influences of the southwest and southeast monsoons in different times during the Holocene in the north part of southwestern China are in accord with other Holocene climate change models in this part of China.     

Effect of Fly Ash on Frost-Resistance and Chloride Ions Diffusion Properties of Marine Concrete

It is necessary to pay more attention to the durability of concrete undergoing freeze-thaw cycles and seawater attack simultaneously.Investigated are the effects of water-binder ratio,fly ash (FA) contents and air-entraining agent on resistance to frost and chloride diffusion of marine concrete blended with FA in natural seawater.The results show that fly ash does not improve the frost resistance of concrete but can improve its resistance to chloride diffusion by addition of less than 30%.The resistance to frost and chloride diffusion of FA concrete can be improved with the decrease of water-binder ratio,and FA may improve both of them simultaneously only being mixed with air-entraining agent.A ratio (named as R) of the frost-resisting durability factor to chloride diffusion coefficient can be used to evaluate the durability of marine concrete.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses are consistent with the evaluations by the value of R.     

Very large landslides in the Himalayas

Landslides are a major component of geomorphological processes on the steep slopes of the Himalayan mountains. Three slides in the Annapurna region demonstrate a sequence from large to very large failures.     

Comparative Analysis of Seismic Response Characteristics of Pile-Soil-Stnicture Interaction System

The study on the earthquake-resistant performance of a pile-soil-structure interaction system is a relatively complicated and primarily important issue in civil engineering practice. In this paper, a computational model and computation procedures for pile-supported structures, which can duly consider the pile-soil interaction effect, are established by the finite element method. Numerical implementation is made in the time domain. A simplified approximation for the seismic response analysis of pile-soil-structure systems is briefly presented. Then a comparative study is performed for an engineering example with numerical results computed respectively by the finite element method and the simplified method. Through comparative analysis, it is shown that the results obtained by the simplified method well agree with those achieved by the finite element method. The numerical results and findings will offer instructive guidelines for earthquake-resistant analysis and design of pile-supported structures.     

海冰动力学数值方法研究进展

在海冰动力学数值模拟和预测研究中,人们将海冰视为连续介质分别建立了欧拉坐标下的有限差分（FD）方法、拉格朗日坐标下的光滑质点流体动力学（SPH）方法、欧拉和拉格朗日坐标相结合的质点网格法（PIC）,近年来又发展了基于非连续介质的颗粒流（GF）方法。对以上几种海冰动力学数值方法的特点和适用性进行了讨论,结果表明：FD、PIC和SPH方法可适用于中长期海冰动力学数值模拟,但SPH方法的计算效率需进一步提高;GF方法在不同尺度下的海冰动力学数值模拟中的计算精度均有很强的适用性,但目前较适用于小尺度下海冰动力学基本特性的数值试验研究,计算时效还不能满足实际海冰数值模拟和预测的要求。为进一步提高海冰动力学模拟的精度和适用性,在不同时空尺度下分别发展与其相适应的数值方法是必要的。     

Deriving the unitgraph without using rainfall data

The characteristic of a linear time invariant system can be found uniquely from any two outputs that have no error: it is not necessary to know the inputs or the time duration of the system response. In hydrologic terms, the unitgraph of a catchment with linear characteristics may be found from records of runoff vs time.     

Research on Water-Taking Characteristics of Huanghua Power Plant Reach

In this paper the water-taking characteristics of the first,the second and the third stage of theHuanghua Power Plant are studied by numerical model and physical model.The results show that the pres-ent inlet channel only satisfies the supply need of the first stage of the power plant.If the riverbed of the in-let reach is properly dredged,the need of water supply for the third stage of the power plant could be met.