海产绿藻束生刚毛藻(Cladophora fascicularis)的分类地位探讨

针对国际上海洋绿藻束生刚毛藻Cladophorafascicularis与C.vagabunda的同物异名争议,本文对采集于海南岛莺歌海的束生刚毛藻进行了形态学观察。从55个样品的形态特征观测及分析中获得了用于其物种鉴定的主要特征为:藻体丛生,黄绿色,往往纠缠在一起,高3—23cm;基部为不规则分枝的假根状,往往多个植株的假根粘连在一起;直立部分叉状或多不规则叉状分枝,主枝可产生多个分枝或产生分级的分枝;上部枝多个密集成束,偏生于一侧,末位小枝侧生,多向内侧弯曲,略呈栉状排列,枝端钝尖;主轴细胞长宽比为3—6.5,侧枝细胞长宽比为3—5,小枝细胞长宽比为1.5—5,末位细胞长宽比为1.2—5。结合形态特征比较以及分子数据分析,本文探讨了束生刚毛藻与C. vagabunda的同物异名问题,认为束生刚毛藻可作为独立种存在。     

我国海南省东南部台湾那屿藻的形态观察及系统发育分析

那屿藻属(新拟名)Yonagunia Kawaguchi et Masuda隶属于红藻门海膜科, 本研究通过对该属的台湾那屿藻(新拟名)Yonagunia formosana (Okamura) Kawaguchi et Masuda进行了形态学和基于rbcL序列的系统发育分析, 证实台湾那屿藻存在于我国海南省东南部地区, 并较为详细地描述了该物种的分枝形式、小育枝、皮层细胞等营养结构以及生殖结构, 发现藻体的枝端形状比最初报道的模式种更加多样化, 且藻体各部分结构(分枝形式、小育枝、皮层细胞等)的大小与最初报道的模式种也存在一定的差异。本研究是我国海南省东南部地区台湾那屿藻的首次分子系统发育学研究报道。     

细基江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)对海水池塘养殖区Cu~(2+)生物修复的初步研究

随着海水养殖业迅速发展,食用海产品重金属(如Cu、Cd等)超标问题日益突出。作为提取藻胶原材料及海洋养殖动物饲料的细基江蓠,可以大规模生长在海水池塘养殖区,有望用于该水域重金属污染的生物修复。本实验通过研究细基江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)在5个不同Cu2+浓度梯度(0、0.05、0.2、0.8、2.0mg/L)环境下的自身生长状况,及其对Cu2+的吸收富集情况,初步探究了细基江蓠对海水池塘养殖区Cu2+的生物修复能力。实验结果显示细基江蓠对Cu2+有较强的耐受性和吸收富集能力,在0.8mg/L Cu2+浓度下细基江蓠既能保证正常生长,又能吸附水体中最大量的Cu2+。     

粤东地区江蓠属Gracilaria(江蓠科,红藻门)的形态分类学

在2011~2013年间对粤东地区进行了20余次野外大型海藻资源调查,采集了大量标本。利用形态特征,对部分标本进行了分类学研究。经鉴定,标本中包含江蓠属5个种及变种,即芋根江蓠Gracilaria blodgettii Harvey、异枝江蓠G.bailinae Chang et Xia、细基江蓠G.tenuistipitata Chang et Xia、细基江蓠繁枝变种G.tenuistipitata var.liui Zhang et Xia、长喙江蓠G.longirostris Zhang et Wang。它们的主要鉴定特征分别为:芋根江蓠的分枝基部明显缢缩;异枝江蓠的藻体暗绿色,初级分枝围绕主轴互生、偏生或叉分;细基江蓠的藻体主轴基部纤细,分枝简单;细基江蓠繁枝变种的藻体纤细,分枝繁多;长喙江蓠的囊果具有明显的长喙状突起。其中,芋根江蓠和异枝江蓠在粤东地区属首次报道,文章对其进行了较详细的介绍。该研究结果丰富了粤东江蓠属的物种多样性,为粤东地区江蓠属物种资源的保护和利用提供了分类学依据。     

强壮硬毛藻（Chaetomorpha valida）的温度性质及其在中国海藻区系中的扩散潜力

采用显微观察和单藻培养的方法,对山东荣成沿海水域大量繁生的一种大型绿藻进行了研究。经过形态分类鉴定,确认其为强壮硬毛藻Chaetomorpha valida。通过室内单藻培养,对其孢子体和配子体生长、生殖的温度范围进行了研究。结果表明,强壮硬毛藻样品生长、生殖的适温范围为21～29％。根据此适温范围,该物种的温度性质应...     

A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Tinocladia (Chordariales, Phaeophyta) in China Coasts I. Two new species, T. eudesmoides sp.nov. and T. zhangii sp.nov.

1INTRODUCTIONThegenusTinocladiaKylinderivedfromthege nusEudesmeJ.Ag.,wasestablishedbyKylinin1 940 .Untilnow ,fivespecieshavebeenreported .Threespecies,T .crassa (Sur.)Kylin(byC .K .Tseng,1 983 ) ,T .gracilisDingetLuandT .mi crosporangiiDingetLu (byDingetal.,2 0 0 4)inthegenusTinocladiahadbeenreportedtodate.Inthecourseofourinvestigationonthespecimensofthege nusTinocladiacollectedfromtheYellowSeacoastsandkeptintheHerbariumoftheInstituteofOceanolo gy,ChineseAcademyofSciences,twomo…     

Effect of n-3 HUFA levels in rotifers and Artemia on growth and survival of larval black sea bream （Sparus macrocephalus）

Requirement for dietary n-3 HUFA (n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid) for growth and survival of black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was studied using rotifers and Artemia at various levels of n-3 HUFA. Five treatments with rotifers and Artemia differing in n-3 HUFA were prepared by enriching them with various oil emulsions. Results indicated that dietary n-3 HUFA significantly influence fish n-3 HUFA levels and are essential for growth and survival of black sea bream larvae. The results also indicated that the incorporation of n-3HUFA TG (triacylglycerols) into tissues of larval black sea bream was more effective from natural fish oil in comparison with n-3 HUFA fatty acid ethyl esters from ethyl-esterified oil.     

温度和盐度对短节硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha brachygona Harvey)生长发育的影响研究

利用双因素实验和单藻培养等方法,对采自广东南澳岛的短节硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha brachygona Harvey)进行研究,在不同温度和盐度条件下,对该硬毛藻的生长、活力以及形态进行了观察与测定。结果表明,温度和盐度对短节硬毛藻的生长均有一定影响,当温度为20°C时,藻体培养第3、6和12天活力分别为0.70—0.75Y、0.60—0.70Y和0.55—0.65Y,培养12天时藻体有生殖细胞形成,此温度有利于藻体维持活力;温度为25—30°C时,培养第3天时会大量形成生殖细胞;在盐度10、20、40和50时,藻体的生长与温度相关,即30°C25°C20°C;在盐度20—30时,藻体长度最大达4.55 cm;在盐度10—30时,更有利于藻体生长,整体趋势为2030104050。因此,实验条件下,温度25—30°C、盐度10—30更利于短节硬毛藻的生长和形成生殖细胞。本实验表明,短节硬毛藻为暖水、广盐性种,有可能在我国南方海区大量生长并扩散,具有引发绿潮的潜力。     

中国褐毛藻属Halothrix的分类学研究

对作者于1998~2003年间在中国沿海采集的褐毛藻属 Halothrix 标本进行了分类研究。经鉴定,确认有4个种,即可疑褐毛藻H. ambigua Yamada、细弱褐毛藻H. gracilis Luan et Ding sp. nov.、褐毛藻 H. lumbricalis (Kuetzing) Reinke和垫状褐毛藻 H. pulvinata Luan et Ding sp. nov.,其中新种2个。文中对这4个种进行了较详细的特征描述,以及较完整的其他分类学信息,并编制了检索表。细弱褐毛藻H. gracilis Luan et Ding sp. nov.的长同化丝稍细,直径15～55μm,中、上部细胞较长,长宽比为1.3～3;短同化丝的细胞较多,10~17个;具有匍匐丝体。垫状褐毛藻 H. pulvinata Luan et Ding sp. nov.具有明显垫状的基部,由多数无色丝体组成,丝体细胞13~20个,细胞长宽比为1.3~11,长同化丝在基部多分枝。其研究结果在一定程度上丰富了我国大型海藻的物种多样性。模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物标本馆(AST)。     

海洋绿藻气生硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha aerea)和线形硬毛藻(C. linum)的形态与分子鉴定

Green macroalgae Chaetomorpha aerea and C. linum are taxonomically confused. In this paper, we tried morphological and molecular analyses to separate these two species. C. aerea and C. linum can be distinguished from morphological characteritics, such as frond dimension, cells size and shape, their mean length/width ratios(LWR), and cell walls constriction. Thalli of C. aerea attenuate basipetally, with diameter 270–500 μm at upper portion, 160–360 μm at middle portion, 100–160 μm at basal portion. For the upper part, the length of cells is less than their diameter. Cell walls usually constrict at the dissepiments, which are pellucid or colorless and give the filament beaded appearance. In contrast, thalli of C. linum often have a constant diameter of 90–300 μm within the same individual, cell walls usually do not constrict and cells are cylindrical or barrel shaped. The LWR is larger than that of C. aerea. Results show that the pairwise distance between two species is 3.6%–3.7% for 18 S r RNA gene and 53.5%–54.3% for ITS region. In phylogeny, they distribute at distant clades, which confirms a genetic divergence at molecular level. In addition, morphological data indicates that filament diameter of C. linum samples is highly variable, ranging from 90 μm to 300 μm. Then these two species can be considered as separate species.