面波反演苏北—南黄海盆地地壳三维S波速度结构

区域地壳速度结构对于地震定位和地球动力学特征认识十分重要,一直是地震反演研究的主要内容。利用收集到的基于背景噪声面波成像方法的瑞利面波相速度数据,我们对苏北—南黄海地区地下三维S波速度结构开展了深度反演,进而探讨苏北—南黄海盆地地质结构与地震构造的关系。面波层析成像结果表明区域速度结构模型与地质特征基本一致,速度结构清晰刻画出了苏北—南黄海沉积盆地的主要沉积构造范围和基底起伏。反演结果还揭示了南黄海盆地中地壳内存在一显著的低速层,与历史强震集中分布区高度一致,表明浅源强震活动与壳内的低速层密切相关。     

黑潮延伸体邻近海区中尺度涡三维合成结构分析

文章基于卫星高度计资料和Argo浮标资料,采用合成方法,构建了黑潮延伸体邻近海区中尺度涡的温盐三维结构。合成结果表明,表层至1×107 Pa,合成气旋涡（反气旋涡）呈现较为一致的位温负（正）异常,气旋（反气旋）涡内呈现较为一致的位温负（正）异常,混合层至约7×106 Pa深度,气旋（反气旋）涡存在位温负（正）异常的冷核（暖）核结构。气旋（反气旋）涡的平均盐度在垂向上呈现“负—正”（“正—负”）上下相反的异常结构。     

地震正演循环迭代模型修正技术

对于一个已经建立好的三维地质模型,单纯通过地震、井数据对模型进行修正精度不高.地震驱动建模作为一种充分整合地震数据的建模方法,可以充分挖掘地震中潜在的信息,通过地震驱动把地震残差转化为模型误差的修正量,从而实现模型的更新修正.基于此,本文提出地震正演循环迭代模型修正技术,并以实际工区为例阐述了该方法的技术流程.通过地震对比和井对比技术对模型修正结果进行了定性和定量评价,结果表明该方法能够降低模型修正后的累积误差,使模型与真实值更接近,更好的表征了储层,更准确的表征了储层非均质.     

四川天府新区交通服务均等化分析

以RS和GIS技术为支撑,基于四川省第一次全国地理国情普查成果数据、高分辨率遥感影像和基础测绘成果数据,结合路网密度指数、空间覆盖度和交通通达性等指标以及相关规划资料,利用影像解译、外业核查和地学统计等方法对四川天府新区交通服务水平进行了分析评价。结果表明,天府新区交通网格局基本成型,综合交通运输体系初步建立,交通设施配置水平显著提高,道路通达性发展态势良好,但交通服务均等化效果不理想,整体呈现区位差异,城乡发展差距较明显。     

新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究(英文)

Karamay City is a typical mining city, relying on oilfield exploration and development. After 60 years of construction and development, Karamay has become the first large oilfield and an important base of the national petroleum and petrochemical industry in China. Based on spatial analysis, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) grid computing and overlay techniques, whilst considering the effect of oilfield development and aimed at the ecological problems of Karamay City in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, we conducted research on the spatial characteristics of the comprehensive ecological sensitivity of Karamay. The ecological problems of natural environment evolution include soil erosion, land deserti-fication, soil salinization, and biodiversity reduction. The most significant disturbance factor from the activities of humans in this area is oilfield exploitation. This study carries out an analysis of single factor ecological problem sensitivity and integrated ecological sensitivity. The results of the research are as follows: (1) Soil erosion is relatively sensitive, especially in Karamay district, Dushanzi district, north of Urho district and west of Baijiantan district, which is mainly a result of the vertical dropping slopes, serious rainfall erosion and the distribution of scattered woodland. (2) The main types of land desertification are represented by high and moderate grade sensitivities, and high and extremely high sensitive areas are distributed in the intersection of Karamay and Baijiantan districts. This is due to evaporation exceeding rainfall in these areas, and the soil mainly consists of sand and is seldom covered by vegetation. (3) The soil salinizatiion sensitivity grades are mainly moderate, high and extremely high. The highly sensitive areas are mainly distributed in southeast of Baijiantan district, north and east of Karamay district and east of Urho district. The primary causes are evaporation exceeding rainfall and extreme human activities. (4) The main types of biodiversity sensitivity are light and moderate grade. Highly sensitive areas are located in the east and south of Karamay district, north of the Baiyang River basin and parts of the wetland areas. (5) Oil fields development areas are highly ecologically sensitive, which are located in the northern oilfields of Urho district, western oilfields of Baijiantan district, northwestern oilfields of Karamay district and central oilfields of Dushanzi district. (6) The main types of integrated ecological sen-sitivity are high and moderate. The high and extremely highly sensitive areas are located in the central and northern parts of Karamay district, and southwest of Baijiantan district. The evaluation results will provide guidance for the future planning and development, the protection of the ecological environment and the realization of harmonious social, economic, and ecological development in Karamay City.     

长螺旋超流态混凝土灌注桩施工技术

结合工程实例,介绍了长螺旋超流态混凝土灌注桩的施工工艺、适用范围、技术特点及单桩竖向承载力标准值的计算,阐述了施工过程中的常见问题及预防处理措施。该工艺具有施工工艺简单、环保、施工速度快、成桩质量好的优点,与普通钻孔灌注桩相比,单桩承载力提高50%以上,桩身混凝土用量减少40%以上,施工费用减少40%。     

独立基础设计及相关问题的理解与建议

论述了钢筋混凝土柱下独立基础以及独立基础加防水板的设计过程及方法,对设计中需注意的相关问题提出了作者的见解和建议。可供类似工程参考。     

基于地理国情普查的四川天府新区交通通达性分析

以RS和GIS技术为支撑,基于四川省第一次全国地理国情普查成果数据、高分辨率遥感影像和基础测绘成果数据,辅以影像解译、外业核查和地学统计等方法,并结合路网密度指数、最短时间距离模型和最短空间距离模型以及相关规划资料,对四川天府新区交通网络格局及其通达水平进行了分析评价。结果表明:天府新区交通网格局基本成型,综合交通运输体系初步形成;整体道路通达性发展态势良好,以各重要基础设施为中心呈现出沿道路环状向外扩散的分布特征,其中新区北部、西北部和中部发展较快的城市区域交通通达性较高,东部偏远地区相对较低。     

水文地球化学模拟在地下水化学成分形成过程研究中的应用

为进一步探究和田河流域绿洲区地下水化学演化规律,采用水文地球化学模拟法定量分析该区地下水化学成分形成过程。以绿洲区1980、2014和2017年地下水化学检测数据为基础,运用PHERRQC软件建立反向水文地球化学模型对水-岩相互作用进行模拟。结果表明：浓缩作用、溶滤作用及阳离子交替吸附作用是控制绿洲区地下水化学成分形成与变化的主要作用,气候条件、地下水动力条件和地层岩性为主要影响因素。由强径流区到弱径流区,水动力条件逐渐变差,岩土溶滤作用逐渐变弱,蒸发浓缩作用不断加强,致使地下水的TDS、TH和主要离子含量逐渐升高,水化学类型以Cl·SO₄·HCO₃-Na·Ca型为主转变为以Cl-Na型、Cl·SO₄-Na型为主。弱径流区内阳离子交替吸附作用显著,改变着地下水中Na⁺和Ca²⁺含量。     

内外业一体化历史建筑保护系统研究——以潮州为例

近年来,GIS技术已在越来越多的领域中得到了应用。在历史建筑保护领域,GIS主要用于建筑的空间信息展示及空间分析;在历史建筑信息采集方面,传统调研方式在调研前期缺少GIS技术的投入,主要集中在后期数据入库以及统计分析等功能上。本文介绍了基于GIS移动终端的历史建筑信息快速采集技术,通过统一的内外业采集系统,改变了以往内外业工作割裂的模式,并依据统一的数据标准,将外业现场调研的数据直接导入到内业数据生产平台,以缩短中间环节,实现内外业一体化,提高了历史建筑保护数据的生产效率。