鳗弧菌灭活疫苗对牙鲆外周血细胞吞噬活性的影响

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)是我国名贵的海产鱼类,也是我国北方沿海地区大规模增养殖的经济鱼种之一。目前随着牙鲆养殖业的蓬勃发展,养殖规模也不断扩大,养殖中各种病害的爆发也相继增多,由此给养殖业户造成了巨大的经济损失。为此科学家们研究出了各种防病、治病方法。其中,通过接种疫苗对鱼类病害进行免疫防治被认为是最重要、有效和绿色环保的方法之一,许多针对鱼类病原的灭活、减毒和基因工程疫苗相继研制成功,这些疫苗的应用在不同程度上都可以提高鱼类的抗病性,减少发病率。作者利用制备鳗弧菌灭活疫苗对牙鲆进行注射免疫的方法,…     

鳗弧菌灭活疫苗对牙鲆外周血细胞吞噬活性的影响

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)是我国名贵的海产鱼类，也是我国北方沿海地区大规模增养殖的经济鱼种之一。目前随着牙鲆养殖业的蓬勃发展,养殖规模也不断扩大,养殖中各种病害的爆发也相继增多、由此给养殖业户造成了巨大的经济损失。为此科学家们研究出了各种防病、治病方法。其中,通过接种疫苗对鱼类病害进行免疫防治被认为是最重要、有效和绿色环保的方法之一,许多针对鱼类病原的灭活、减毒和基因工程疫苗相继研制成功,这些疫苗的应用在不同程度上都可以提高鱼类的抗病性,减少发病率。作者利用制备鳗弧菌灭活疫苗对牙鲆进行注射免疫的方法,从而观察牙鲆外周血细胞吞噬活性的变化，探讨了鱼类非特异性细胞免疫的保护机制,为今后进一步深入研究提供了可靠依据。     

琼枝白化特征及其附生菌群多样性分析

2021—2022年,海南昌江养殖的琼枝(Betaphycus gelatinae)白化现象频发,造成了一定的经济损失,影响了海洋生态环境。为探究白化琼枝的特征和附生菌群落结构的差异,本研究分析了不同状态琼枝的形态差异;测定了色素含量、光合生理、生理生化等指标;分离、鉴定了不同状态琼枝表面的可培养附生细菌,同时采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析了健康琼枝(BgR)和白化琼枝(BgW)表面附生细菌的α多样性、β多样性以及菌群群落结构组成。研究显示,白化琼枝藻体的皮层组织结构遭到破坏,色素含量、最大光合效率(QY＿max)显著降低,活性氧(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量显著降低(p<0.05);BgW的可培养附生细菌数量(2.76×10⁷ cfu/g)显著高于BgR(3.3×10⁴ cfu/g),BgR中可培养附生细菌优势菌为鲁杰氏菌属(Ruegeria),BgW中为Yoonia属;高通量测序结果显示,两组样品附生菌群的α多样性指数无显著差异,但BgW的Ace、Chao、Simpson指数均有...     

Construction and characterization of a fosmid library for pathogenic bacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vibrio anguillarum</Emphasis>

Vibrio anguillarum is a common bacterial pathogen in fish.However,little is known about its pathogenic mechanism,in part,because the entire genome has not been completely sequenced.We constructed a fosmid library for V.anguillarum containing 960 clones with an average insert size of 37.7 kb and 8.6-fold genome coverage.We characterized the library by end-sequencing 50 randomly selected clones.This generated 93 sequences with a total length of 57 485 bp covering 1.4% of the whole genome.Of these sequences,58...     

溶藻弧菌的PCR快速检测方法

为建立溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)的PCR快速检测方法,本研究根据弧菌toxR基因的高变区序列设计1对扩增片段为161 bp的引物,进行了特异性和敏感性试验.结果表明该方法能特异地检测溶藻弧菌,每个PCR反应检测的敏感度为0.01 pg的DNA和3.7CFU的细菌.用溶藻弧菌人工感染大菱鲆,以建立的PCR方法检测感染鱼的肝、脾、肾阳性检出率为100%.该方法可用于对感染溶藻弧菌的水生动物疾病进行诊断.     

两株养殖大菱鲆体表出血病原菌的分离鉴定

从秦皇岛和胶南患出血病的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)肾脏中分别分离得到优势菌株MHK_2和JN,人工感染实验证实这两株菌对大菱鲆有较强的致病性,半数致死量(LD_(50))分别为6.30×10~3cfu/尾和2.51×10~4cfu/尾。对病原菌16s rDNA序列对比分析及进化树分析表明,MHK_2和JN与迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)高度一致。API ID32E快速鉴定结果表明,MHK_2和JN生理生化特征与非致病性迟缓爱德华氏菌标准菌株LSE_6一致,属于迟缓爱德华氏菌。经API ZYM酶活检测,MHK_2和JN的碱性磷酸盐酶和酸性磷酸酶活性明显高于LSE_6,这两项酶活特征有望作为区别致病性和非致病性迟缓爱德华氏菌的一个标准。     

对虾WSSV人工感染螯虾及其检测

用对虾白斑综合症病毒（WSSV）人工感染淡水克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii),感染组螯虾3-6d内全部死亡,核酸探针点杂交两次检测感染螯虾的鳃、胃、血淋巴,阳性检出率分别为92%（92%）,89%（86%）,81%（75%）,对照为11%（3%）,3%（5%）,0（0）;光镜下可观察到感染螯虾的胃、鳃组织的靶细胞核肿大,嗜酸性着染,电镜下病变组织细胞核可见形态大小与WSSV一致的病毒粒子;病毒核酸原位杂交两次检测感染螯虾的胃、鳃、阳性检出率均为100%,对照阳性检出率均为0。结果表明：对虾WSSV可感染淡水克氏原螯虾,病毒核酸原位杂交是一种敏感特异的病毒检测方法。     

Identification and characterization of the Vibrio anguillarum prtV gene encoding a new metalloprotease

We cloned and sequenced a prtV-like gene from Vibrio anguillarum M3 strain.This prtV gene encodes a putative protein of 918 amino acids,and is highly homologous to the V.cholerae prtV gene.We found that a prtV insertion mutant strain displayed lower gelatinase activity on gelatin agar,lower protease activity against azocasein,and lower activity for four glycosidases.This prtV mutant strain also had increased activity for two esterases in its extracellular products,as analyzed by the API ZYM system.In additi...     

PROPERTIES OF PROTEOLYTIC TOXIN OF VIBRIO ANGUILLARUM FROM DISEASED FLOUNDER

Extracellular products(ECP)produced by Vibrio anguillarum strain M3 originally isolated from diseased flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)were prepared.ECP of M3 showed gelatinase,casinase,amylase and haemolytic activity on agarose plates.High protease activity against azocasin was detected.Bacterium M3 showed highest growth and protease activity at 25℃。The Protease present in ECP showed maximal activity at pH 8 and 55℃；was completely inactivated by application of 80℃ heat for 30 min;was completely inhibited by EDTA and HgCl2,and was partially inhibited by PMSF,SDS,MnCl2 and iodoacetic acid;but not inhibited by CaCl2 and MgCl2.The ECP was toxic to flounder fish at LD50 values of 3.1 μg protein/g body weight.The addition of HgCl2 and application of heat at 50℃ decreased the lethal toxicity of ECP.When heated at 100℃,ECP lethality to flounder was completely in-hibited.After intramuscular injection of ECP into flounder,it showed evident histopathological changes including necrosis of muscle,extensive deposition of haemosiderin in the spleen,dilated bolld vessels congested with numerous lymphocytes in the liver.These results showed that ECP protease was a lethal factor produced by the baterium V.anguillarum M3.