THE VARIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS AND PREDICTION OF GUANGDONG POWER LOAD DURING 2002 - 2004

The variability characteristics of Guangdong daily power load from 2002 to 2004 and its connection to meteorological variables are analyzed with wavelet analysis and correlation analysis.Prediction equations are established using optimization subset regression. The results show that a linear increasing trend is very significant and seasonal change is obvious. The power load exhibits significant quasi-weekly (5 - 7 days) oscillation, quasi-by-weekly (10 - 20 days) oscillation and intraseasonal (30 - 60 days) oscillation. These oscillations are caused by atmospheric low frequency oscillation and public holidays. The variation of Guangdong daily power load is obviously in decrease on Sundays, shaping like a funnel during Chinese New Year in particular. The minimum is found at the first and second day and the power load gradually increases to normal level after the third day during the long vacation of Labor Day and National Day. Guangdong power load is the most sensitive to temperature, which is the main affecting factor, as in other areas in China. The power load also has relationship with other meteorological elements to some extent during different seasons. The maximum of power load in summer, minimum during Chinese New Year and variation during Labor Day and National Day are well fitted and predicted using the equation established by optimization subset regression and accounting for the effect of workdays and holidays.     

不同天气类型广州新电视塔高层风速与地面风速的比较分析

利用广州新电视塔自动站和中大自动站2007年9月至2009年4月的观测资料,结合天气形势进行对比分析,结果表明:热带气旋天气类型的阵风特点是平均阵风、瞬间阵风最大,强风影响的时间长,大气边界层与地面风力差最大;冷空气天气类型的阵风特点是平均阵风较大,瞬间阵风最小,强风影响的时间长,大气边界层与地面风力差最小;低槽天气类型的阵风特点是平均阵风最小,瞬间阵风较大,强风影响的时间短,大气边界层与地面风力差较大。在热带气旋天气类型中,在珠江口和粤西沿海地区登陆的热带气旋对广州大气边界层的风力影响最大,最大阵风出现在热带气旋强度最强且路径离广州最近的时间段里;另外,弱冷空气对热带气旋的风力有增强作用。在冷空气天气类型中,500hPa形势场的旋转型低槽有利于大气边界层出现强风。在低槽天气类型中,强低槽类型有利于大气边界层出现时间长强度强的阵风,雷雨大风类型有利于大气边界层出现短时极大风。     

广州市亚运期间空气污染的逐时变化规律

讨论了广州市2009年11、12月SO2、NO2、PM10污染物质量浓度与地面气象要素(温度、风向、风速、温度、雨量)的逐日、逐时变化特征,用偏相关分析方法对它们的关系进行了客观分析。采用多元回归分析方法建立了污染物质量浓度与气象要素之间的逐日、逐时预报方程。结果表明:逐日预报方程效果较好,对极值有较好的拟合,而逐时预报方程能很好地反映逐时变化趋势,但对极值拟合较差,研究发现人为污染排放是导致极值拟合差的原因。逐时污染物质量浓度预报方程,是对2010年广州亚运期间空气污染的逐时预测的初步探索。     

2002～2004年广东电力负荷的变化特征及预测

利用2002～2004年广东逐日电力负荷资料,采用小波分析、相关分析等方法研究了广东电力负荷的变化特征及与气象因子的关系,并采用最优子集回归方法建立了预测方程。结果表明,广东电力负荷具有非常明显的线性增长趋势,季节变化明显。存在明显的5～7天的准单周振荡,10～20天的准双周振荡及30～60天左右的季节内振荡。它们主要由大气低频振荡及节假日的影响所致。广东电力负荷在周日具有较明显的下降,春节期间呈明显的漏斗状分布,“五一”、“国庆”长假期间最低值主要出现在1～2日,3日以后逐渐恢复到正常状态。与我国其它地区一样,广东电力负荷对温度的变化最敏感,温度是其主要的影响因子,在不同的季节与不同的气象因子还有一定的关系。用最优子集回归方法建立的回归方程并考虑工作日、节假日期间的影响,对夏季峰值、春节谷值、“五一”、“国庆”期间的变化均有较好的拟合与预测。     

THE VARIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS AND PREDICTION OF GUANGDONG POWER LOAD DURING 2002 – 2004

The variability characteristics of Guangdong daily power load from 2002 to 2004 and its connection to meteorological variables are analyzed with wavelet analysis and correlation analysis. Prediction equations are established using optimization subset regression. The results show that a linear increasing trend is very significant and seasonal change is obvious. The power load exhibits significant quasi-weekly (5 – 7 days) oscillation, quasi-by-weekly (10 – 20 days) oscillation and intraseasonal (30 – 60 days) oscillation. These oscillations are caused by atmospheric low frequency oscillation and public holidays. The variation of Guangdong daily power load is obviously in decrease on Sundays, shaping like a funnel during Chinese New Year in particular. The minimum is found at the first and second day and the power load gradually increases to normal level after the third day during the long vacation of Labor Day and National Day. Guangdong power load is the most sensitive to temperature, which is the main affecting factor, as in other areas in China. The power load also has relationship with other meteorological elements to some extent during different seasons. The maximum of power load in summer, minimum during Chinese New Year and variation during Labor Day and National Day are well fitted and predicted using the equation established by optimization subset regression and accounting for the effect of workdays and holidays.     

城市防灾气象警报系统的现状及对策

1现状防灾气象警报系统发展到今天，已经过了推广应用、发展高潮到巩固发展三个阶段。近年来，由于各方面的因素影响已开始出现“滑坡”苗头。一些单位和用户在其经济景气时愿意使用气象警报系统，一旦本部门经济效益差，他们就觉得防灾气象警报系统是一种多余的负担，不愿使用。还有个别行业尽管经济效益较好，也不愿意使用气象警报机。这主要是他们对防灾气象警报系统还没有一个正确的认识，他们只看到眼前的利益，没有考虑到一旦受灾所造成的损失。如广州市一家工厂，经多次动员也不愿意使用防灾气象警报机，结果在1994年4月，由于受暴雨…     

东沙岛海域近56a热带气旋影响统计分析

本文利用1949~2005年TC年鉴资料,对经过东沙岛附近海域约200km范围内的热带气旋(下简称TC)影响情况进行了分析,结果表明:(1)近56a共有288个TC影响东沙岛附近海域,平均每年5个左右.2000年以后影响个数有下降趋势;(2)年度最早影响的TC是4月9日,最晚影响的是12月27日;(3)7、8、9月3个月最多,约占影响总个数的2/3,影响该区的TC中STS和TY两种级别约占一半;(4)近10a大约有40个TC影响该海域,平均风速为22m/s,极大风速达到55m/s.     

霜冻的灰色预测

灰色预测是对系统过去及目前表现出来的一些不完全的信息进行分析,处理、建立模型并使模型达到最优的预测。灰色系统理论认为:任何系统,尽管信息不够充分,但必然是有特定功能和有序的,有某种外露或内在的规律的。灰色预测正是基于这一思想上,把随机变量看成是在一定范围内变化的灰色量,通过对原始数据的处理,将灰色数变换为生成数,从生成数进而得到规律性较强的生成函数。从而将信息不全的离散数据转换成信息完全、时间连续的动态模型。从