水声通信网及其多址接入技术

随着世界各国海洋开发步伐的加快,对水下传感器网络、水下监视系统、水声预警网络的需求愈来愈迫切,海洋水声通信网络的研究成了世界范围内的研究热点.水声通信网研究面临的主要困难是:海洋声信道的长延时、可用频带有限、严重的时变多途影响、功耗限制、网络安全性等.在分析水下无线通信的特殊环境后,针对水声通信网的多址接入技术进行了研究,选择适合的传输方式及相关协议构建基于OFDM与CDMA技术结合的水下通信网多载波CDMA系统;在matlab上实现多载波CDMA技术的水声通信网络节点对节点的数据传送,并得出了该系统的仿真结果:在帧长一定的情况下,随着信噪比的增大,系统的误码率会减小.在信噪比一定的情况下,子载波数目的进一步增大不会带来系统误码率的改善反而会使系统复杂性增加,降低系统的平均吞吐量,因此子载波数的选择应该在系统复杂性和效率之间折衷考虑.当水声信道上的信噪比一定时,可以通过控制数据帧的长度和子载波的个数来实现较高的网络平均吞吐量.     

Application of the Engineering-Geological Conditions in Land-Use Plans in the Petrvald Region(Czech Republic)

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate necessity to inform relevant parties about engineering-geological conditions for various practical purposes,especially including appropriate land-use planning.However,the relationship between relevant geological information and the geological environment is vital for foundation engineering purposes,especially where demanding structures are involved.This information is most conveniently structured when accumulated information concerning engineering-geological zones is utilized.This necessarily includes knowledge of rock workability and also of the pre-Quaternary bedrock,and these characteristics were then related to the current built-up area and future development according to the land-use plans in a case study are from the Petrvald Region(Czech Republic).The geological environment of area has been severely influenced by anthropogenic effects of deep black coal mining.Results of this research showed that future development should be founded on spoil banks,dumps,and settling basins. According to the land-use plan,this zone occupies 44.9%of the area of interest,and its materials predominantly emanate from mining in the Ostrava-Karvina Coal District.For future foundation structures planned there,it is imperative to consult detailed engineering-geological study.However, attention to and reliance on this necessity is not reflected in the existing land-use plan.     

土地开发整理项目管理所存在的问题与解决方案

近年来,国家高度重视土地整治工作,在云南省启动了?“兴地睦边”农田整治重大工程项目。云南省委、省政府专门成立了中低产田改造领导机构,计划用十年时间,完成全省2000万亩中低产田的改造任务。     

红鳍东方鲀精子超低温保存前后的超微结构观察

应用透射电镜技术,研究超低温保存前后红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)精子的超微结构。观察发现,受冷冻损伤精子的被膜膨胀、破裂、脱落;线粒体内嵴变形,结构模糊,甚至消失;鞭毛在基部或主段、末段断裂,或被膜膨胀脱落。结果表明,经超低温保存后,部分红鳍东方鲀精子由于膜结构及鞭毛轴丝损伤导致精子活力下降。     

河口潮滩沉积物磷的季节性累积和生物有效性

对长江口潮滩表层沉积生磷的赋存形态和含量的研究表明,碎屑态磷为沉积物中磷的主要形态,约占总磷的62.52%;铁结合态磷和有机磷次之,分别占总磷的18.06%和14.69%;自生磷灰石加钙结合态磷和吸附态磷最少。综合研究区内的各种理化条件,指出弱吸附态磷、铁结合态磷和有机磷是长江口潮滩潜在生物可利用磷,约占总磷的33.16%,是导致水体富营养化的潜在因素。上覆水的盐度效应是影响沉积物铁结合态磷含量的关键性因子;而自生磷灰石加钙结合态磷的含量变化则与上覆水的温度、溶氧量及沉积物有机质的分解有关;有机磷在时间和空间尺度上都存在较大变化,主要与潮滩生物动态过程,即磷的再矿化有关。     

长江口水域春季鱼卵仔鱼分布及其与温度盐度的关系

利用2003年春季在长江口水域进行调查的数据,对该水域的鱼卵仔鱼的种类组成和数量分布、表层水温、盐度的分布特征以及它们之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明:共捕获鱼卵仔鱼13种,出现率为81.25%。鱼卵出现站位资源密度(CPUE)为1～760粒/网,平均每网采获鱼卵63.6粒;仔稚鱼出现站位CPUE为1～174尾/网,平均每网捕获仔稚鱼18.75尾。按照表层温度、盐度的变化,该水域可分为高温低盐、低温高盐、低温低盐三个区。鱼卵出现水域主要集中在高温低盐区;而仔稚鱼在长江口水域广有分布,但主要出现水域是高温低盐和低温低盐区控制的近岸水域,在远离海岸的低温高盐区仅有少量的分布。     

Environmental Isotopic Characterization of Groundwater and Surface Water in Northeast Missan Province,South Iraq

The present work studies the environmental isotopes assess groundwater characteristics of the different parts of the main aquifer in the northeast Missan Province in south of Iraq.Water samples of groundwater and surface water were collected for two dry and wet seasons during the water year of 2011–2012.The study shows that most of the groundwater in the aquifer falls above the global meteoric water line,and all the samples fall below the Mediterranean meteoric water line,indicating that these samples are a mixture of two water types.The tritium content of these samples supports this conclusion.The overall conclusion of this study indicates that there are two sources of groundwater recharge in the studied area:the ephemeral streams(Teeb and Dewerge) and major precipitation sources.According to the tritium levels at or below one tritium unit(TU) obtained from the water,supply wells are highly confined or "not vulnerable".Overall,the 3H results imply that recent recharge has taken place during the last four to five decades.In the recharge area,the high tritium content in the southern part of the Teeb area suggests that the recharge originates from rapid infiltration of surface runoff.Therefore,the groundwater resources in the study area should be protected from contamination,because it will influence the aquifer in a relatively short period of time if any contamination enters the recharge areas of the aquifer.     

坛紫菜ISSR反应体系的建立与优化

为了利用ISSR分子标记技术对坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)种质资源进行遗传分析及种质鉴定,获得清晰稳定、重复性好、多态性高的扩增结果,对影响ISSR-PCR扩增的多个因素,包括DNA模板含量、Mg2+浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶含量、引物浓度、dNTP浓度以及复性温度进行了全面比较和优化,建立了坛紫菜种质资源ISSR-PCR扩增的最佳反应体系:25μL的反应体系中含2.5μL 10×PCR缓冲液,5 ng模板DNA,2.5 mmol/L Mg2+,1.5 UTaqDNA聚合酶,200 nmol/L引物,200μmol/L dNTP。最佳PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性7 min;每个循环94℃变性1 min,48℃复性45 s,72℃延伸2 min,共进行35个循环;循环结束后72℃再延伸7 min。