西太平洋暖池核心区MIS 7期以来的古生产力变化:类ENSO式过程的响应

对取自热带西太平洋暖池核心区的WP7岩心进行了底栖有孔虫和钙质超微化石研究。在利用氧同位素曲线对比和AMS14C测年数据进行地层划分的基础上,依据底栖有孔虫和钙质超微化石指标,分析了距今近250ka以来区域生产力和上层海水结构的演变特征,探讨了其控制因素和所指示的古海洋学意义。计算结果显示WP7岩心所在的暖池核心区约在距今250ka以来初级生产力在冰期(MIS6期、4期和2期)高,在间冰期(MIS7期、5期、3期和1期)低,表明该区古生产力在长的轨道时间尺度上受北半球高纬度冰量变动的影响。钙质超微化石下透光带属种Flori-sphaera profunda百分含量指示的温跃层深度变化表明冰期温跃层浅、间冰期温跃层加深,这说明类ENSO式变化导致的冰期—间冰期温跃层深度波动可能是MIS7期以来暖池核心区古生产力在冰期高而在间冰期显著降低的直接控制因素。     

Younger Dryas事件与北黄海泥炭层的形成

形成于海平面变化处于停滞阶段和湿润气候条件下的泥炭层是古环境变化信息的重要载体。对北黄海4个含泥炭层的沉积剖面进行研究后发现,其均集中在渤海海峡入口处,水深变化在50～54m。泥炭层的AMS14C年龄在10650～1010014 CaBP,与发生在11000～1000014 CaBP间的末次冰消气候回冷事件——Younger Dryas(YD)事件在年代上非常吻合,表明北黄海泥炭层的形成可能与YD事件的全球效应密切相关,可作为YD事件在北黄海陆架响应的一个重要证据。泥炭层在北黄海的集中出现说明,冰后期的海平面上升过程中在YD事件期间存在停滞阶段,这一时期海面已经达到渤海海峡外侧,并可能在此徘徊了近千年。此外,泥炭层的大量出现和孢粉记录表明YD事件发生期间约为10600～1020014 CaBP,此时北黄海可能处在寒冷而湿润的环境。这一发现与全球范围内大部分YD事件的海陆记录存在明显差异,说明不同地区对YD事件的响应存在差异,不能简单地利用单一的干冷模式来分析YD事件在区域上的响应特征和过程。     

大兴安岭南段前进场岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及其地质意义

前进场岩体位于大兴安岭南段,主要岩石类型为黑云母二长花岗岩,是道伦达坝铜钨锡银矿床的赋矿围岩之一.本文对前进场岩体开展了岩石地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、锆石Lu-Hf同位素及矿物地球化学研究.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明前进场岩体形成于278～279 Ma,为早二叠世岩浆活动产物.岩石地球化学特征显示其S...     

IODP—SSEP第10次会议情况介绍

综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)科学指导和评估组(SSEP)第10次会议于2008年5月-22日在韩国釜山举行.来自中国、美国、日本、法国、德国、英国、瑞典、韩国等国家的34位IODP-SSEP成员与会.     

高有机质输入对底栖有孔虫的抑制作用——以西北太平洋菲律宾海MD06-3054孔为例

底栖有孔虫古生产力指标-底栖有孔虫堆积速率(Benthic Foraminifera Accumulation Rate,简称BFAR)和小泡虫超科的Uvigerina与Bulimina两属在种群中的百分含量(简称"U+B含量")是目前古海洋学研究的常用方法.然而,从MD06-3054孔的记录中发现,两指标与有机质输入之间不仅不存在很好的线性关系.而且当有机质输入大于阀值时,两指标均随沉积物中总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,简称TOC)含量的增加而明显地降低,说明过高有机质的输入还会抑制底栖有孔虫的生长和繁盛.另外,还发现当TOC含量较高时,U+B含量指标较BFAR指标相对更适用.     

Redox conditions in sediments and during sedimentation in the Ontong Java Plateau, west equatorial Pacific

Redox-sensitive elements in sediments, such as manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), and uranium (U), are promising indicators of past redox conditions during sedimentation and early diagenesis. However, in the Ontong Java Plateau, west equatorial Pacific, there are sparse datasets of redox-sensitive elements in sediment cores. Here, we present a 250 ka record of redox sensitive elements from a 460 cm gravity core at site WP7 (3°56′S, 156°E, water depth 1 800 m), which was recovered from the southwest Ontong Java Plateau during the 1993 cruise of R/V Science I of the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS). Relative to the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), authigenic Mn, cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), Mo, V, U, and cadmium (Cd) were found at constantly low levels except when peaks occurred at several depth intervals. Manganese, Co, Ni, and Mo concentrations were elevated at 25-35 cm due to Mn redox cycling. The core was divided into three distinct sections, the top 0-25 cm being oxic, a suboxic section at 25-35 cm and from 35-460 cm which was anoxic. Differential authigenic enrichments of Co, Ni, Mo, V, U, and Cd at the same depth intervals were observed indicating that the enrichments happened during sedimentation or diagenesis and suffered no post settlement redox changes. Therefore, no significant changes in redox conditions during sedimentation must have happened. The water at depth on the Ontong Java Plateau during past 250 ka must have been well oxygenated, possibly resulted from the more or less continuous presence of oxygen-rich deep water like the modern Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Antarctic Circumpolar Water (ACW); while it’s slightly less oxygenated in glacial intervals, possibly due to ventilation weakening and/or the surface productivity increase.     

长江口及其邻近海域溶解硒的地球化学控制过程研究

Dissolved selenium in the Changjiang(Yangtze) Estuary and its adjacent waters was determined by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry to elucidate the source, behavior in estuary, adsorption-desorption process and biological role. In surface water, Se(IV) concentration ranged 0.05–1.14 nmol/L and Se(VI) concentration varied 0.01–1.20 nmol/L, with the means of 0.76 and 0.49 nmol/L, respectively. In bottom water, Se(IV) content varied 0.03–0.27 nmol/L and Se(VI) content ranged 0.04–0.85 nmol/L, with the averages of 0.10 and 0.40 nmol/L, respectively. High level of Se(IV) was observed near the shore with a significant decrease towards the open sea, suggesting the continental input from the adjacent rivers. Large value of Se(VI) was found in bottom water, reflecting the release from suspended sediment. Besides, high value appeared in the same latitude of the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay illustrated the effect of lateral mixing and the long-distance transport of selenium. Se(VI), more soluble, occupied higher percentage in aqueous environment. The presence of Se(IV) resulted from the degradation of residue and the reduction of Se(VI) under anaerobic condition. The positive relationship to suspended particulate material(SPM) and negative correlation to depth indicated that Se(IV) tended to be released from the high density particulate matter. Instead, Se(VI) content did not significantly relate to SPM since it generally formed inner-sphere complex to iron hydroxide. Se(IV) content negatively varied to salinity and largely depended on the freshwater dilution and physical mixing. While, Se(VI) level deviated from the dilution line due to the in situ biogeochemical process such as removal via phytoplankton uptake and inputs via organic matter regeneration. As the essential element, Se(IV) was confirmed more bioavailable to phytoplankton growth than Se(VI), and moreover, seemed to be more related to phosphorus than to nitrogen.     

晚新生代西太平洋古海洋环境演化过程与机制

晚新生代西太平洋通过水文循环和碳循环两类关键过程,对区域乃至全球气候变化产生深刻的影响。本文从上新世以来西太暖池及其主流系演化、晚第四纪北太平洋中层水演化和白令海峡开合、第四纪中国东部陆架环境演化以及新生代亚太沉积物源-汇过程与碳埋藏等方面,综述了西太平洋古海洋环境演化过程与机制。上新世以来西太暖池与印尼贯穿流的演化过程伴随构造运动而阶段性地发生,但其在轨道时间尺度上演化的细节过程并不清晰,尚未形成系统性认识。北太平洋中层水以及白令海峡开合等关键高纬过程在冰期旋回中发生了显著变化,并与低纬过程之间存在遥相关。第四纪中国东部陆架环境演化主要受控于海平面变化以及与低纬过程相关联的热量与物质传输,在此背景下,中国东部陆架形成了富有机碳的泥质沉积体系。构造隆升和亚洲季风驱动下的亚洲大陆与邻洋的沉积物源-汇过程具有显著的碳汇效应,可能在大气CO₂浓度（${p_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}} $）冰期旋回和新生代气候变冷中发挥重要作用。就西太平洋古海洋环境演化过程与机制中若干关键科学问题开展深入和系统研究,不仅可为建立气候变化的低纬驱动理论提供支撑,也可为更好认识我国陆架环境变化规律以及碳汇潜力提供科学依据。     

东海内陆架泥质区沉积物古菌群落垂向分布特征

为研究东海内陆架闽浙沿岸泥质区不同深度沉积物中古菌群落垂向分布特征, 利用古菌16S rDNA基因文库得到473个有效克隆、50个OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Units).16S rDNA序列系统进化和统计分析发现古菌分别归属于泉古生菌(Crenarchaeota)和广古生菌(Euryarchaeota), 其中以Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group(MCG)为主, 仅含少量的Marine Benthic Group B(MBG-B)、South African Gold Mine Euryarchaeotic Group(SAGMEG)、Anaerobic Methanotrophs 3(ANME-3)、Marine Crenarchaeotic Group I(MG-I)和Marine Benthic Group D(MBG-D).该泥质区沉积物可能存在由ANME-3催化的甲烷厌氧氧化作用, 同源序列分析表明其古菌群落分布与周边环境有较大联系.UniFrac与沉积物环境因子分析表明该泥质区古菌群落垂向分布与沉积物有机质含量和粒度变化密切相关.      

塔中地区深部流体活动及其对油气成藏的热作用

利用塔中地区钻井岩心、分析化验、地震等资料,系统地分析了深部流体活动机制及其对油气成藏的热作用。通过奥陶系岩石热液矿化蚀变、古地温异常及CO₂无机成因气与储层包裹体测温等研究后认为：深部流体通过地震、火山或其它各种通道,如断裂、不整合面等向浅部运移;深部流体提高生烃量及生烃速率,而且降低烃源岩中残余有机质含量,影响有效烃源岩评价;深部流体对油气储层的影响,既有热液方解石充填的破坏性,又有热液溶蚀、热液次生矿物带的建设性;深部流体在向上运移的过程中形成异常高压, 为油气二次运移提供动力。深部流体对天然气形成的热作用、储层改造与成藏动力学方面,不仅在能量上,而且在物质上都对油气藏的形成和演化起到重要影响,并使塔中地区奥陶系油气成因更加复杂化。