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We analyzed cloud microphysical processes’ latent heat characteristics and their influence on an autumn heavy rain event over Hainan Island, China, using the mesoscale numerical model WRF and WRF-3DVAR system. We found that positive latent heat occurred far above the zero layer, while negative latent heat occurred mainly under the zero layer. There was substantially more positive latent heat than negative latent heat, and the condensation heating had the most important contribution to the latent heat increase. The processes of deposition, congelation, melting and evaporation were all characterized by weakening after their intensification; however, the variations in condensation and sublimation processes were relatively small. The main cloud microphysical processes for positive latent heat were condensation of water vapor into cloud water, the condensation of rain, and the deposition increase of cloud ice, snow and graupel. The main cloud microphysical processes for negative latent heat were the evaporation of rain, the melting and enhanced melting of graupel. The latent heat releases due to different cloud microphysical processes have a significant impact on the intensity of precipitation. Without the condensation and evaporation of rain, the total latent heating would decrease and the moisture variables and precipitation would reduce significantly. Without deposition and sublimation, the heating in high levels would decrease and the precipitation would reduce. Without congelation and melting, the latent heating would enhance in the low levels, and the precipitation would reduce. 相似文献
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First,based on routine meteorological data,the synoptic characteristics of a heavy warm-sector rainfall that occurred on June 13,2008 in the Pearl River Delta were analyzed.Second,a mesoscale numerical model,Weather Research and Forecasting(WRFV2.2),was used to simulate the heavy rainfall. Diagnostic analyses were done of moist potential vorticity(MPV)for its horizontal components(MPV2) and vertical components(MPV1)based on the simulation results of WRFV2.2 to identify the mechanism of the rainfall development.The results showed that the heavy rainfall occurred when there were high MPV1 in the upper levels and low MPV1 and high MPV2 in the lower levels.Disturbances of high MPV1 in the upper levels came from the southwest or northwest,those of low MPV1 in the lower levels came from the southwest,and those of high MPV2 came from the south.Disturbances of low MPV1 at low levels were the direct cause of convective instability.Enhanced vertical shear of meridional wind led to increased MPV2 at lower levels,strengthened baroclinicity,and active warm and wet flows.These distributions of MPV helped to trigger the release of unstable energy and produce warm-sector heavy rainfall.As it integrates the evolution of dynamic and thermal fields,MPV is able to reveal the development of this heavy rainfall effectively. 相似文献
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使用NCEP的1958~1997年逐日格点气象资料,对我国南海地区(105~120°E,5~20°N)夏季风维持期40年平均的气候特征进行了分析,分析时间尺度是候.南海夏季风维持期由活跃期和非活跃期组成.我们将南海上空850hPa连续有40%以上面积盛行暖湿的西南风的候定义为南海夏季风的活跃期,不足40%则定义为非活跃期.这里所指的暖湿西南风是θse必须大于335K,西南风的风速必须大于2m/s.就40年平均而言,南海夏季风维持时间大约为23候约4个月,每年南海夏季风活跃期约出现4.3次,每次的平均维持时间约为3.9候,非活跃期约出现3.3次,每次的平均维持时间约为2.4候,活跃期每年的总长度约为17候,非活跃期约为8候.无论是南海夏季风活跃期还是非活跃期,南海上空850hPa都为一个低槽辐合区,200hPa为高压辐散区,也就是说与活跃期相比非活跃期主要气候特征表现为季风的减弱,在环流的偏差场上(活跃期减非活跃期)在南海上空850hPa上为西风,200hPa上为东风.活跃期无论在850hPa或在200hPa上都比非活跃期要暖一些,与此相应,非活跃期的季风降水要比活跃期的小得多,对流活动也大大减弱.南海夏季风和夏季风降水都有明显的30~60天的低频振荡,在多数情况下夏季风和夏季风降水的低频振荡的位相比较一致. 相似文献
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利用非静力中尺度模式MM5对0114号热带风暴Fitow从2001年8月31日00时(UTC)到9月2日00时的降水过程进行了模拟,采用滤波方法对模式结果进行了尺度分离,分析了暴雨发生时的中尺度特征及成因.结果表明:MM5模式对Fitow登陆过程的降水模拟较成功,暴雨的落区和强度与实况比较一致.Fitow暴雨的中尺度特征在降水的时间尺度、空间尺度、高低空流场和散度场上都很明显.正是维持少动的TC倒槽和嵌入其上的这些中小尺度系统相互作用造成了暴雨的发生,而高低空中尺度散度场的配置对这类暴雨有很好的指示意义.华南地形和海陆分布与暴雨的发生发展有密切的关系.弱的层结不稳定或中性层结是有利于暴雨系统发展的环境条件. 相似文献
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利用美国NCAR/PSU的中尺度气象模式MM5和第三代海洋风浪模式WAVEWATCHⅢ(WW3)对台风Krovanh(0312)及其引起的台风浪过程进行了数值模拟试验。与观测对比表明:利用三维变分同化技术改进初始场后,MM5模式能够较好地模拟台风的登陆过程,强度变化及移动路径。利用MM5输出的10m风场驱动海浪模式,WW3模式能较好地模拟出海浪中心的位置,但强度较TOPEX/Poseidon(T/P)卫星高度计观测的浪高偏低23%.33%;台风登陆时模拟的风暴潮的强度和空间分布特征与实际海况较为一致。对风场和海浪的分析表明:在空间分布上,海浪分布与台风的中心位置和强度密切相关,当最大风速中心位于台风的右方时,有效浪高中心出现在大风区的下风方;在时间变化上,深水风浪阶段有效浪高相对于海表面最大风速有明显的滞后相关,以滞后4个小时的相关系数最高,达到0.53,之后相关系数逐渐变小,而浅水风浪阶段,由于相对水深变浅,虽然风速少变,但有效浪高随相对水深的减小而迅速增大,登陆时有效浪高迅速减小,与以往研究的结果相一致。 相似文献
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利用WRF模式对海南2008年秋季持续强降水进行月尺度模拟,并基于WDM6微物理方案研究不同密度霰对强降水模拟及其云微物理过程的影响。结果表明:(1)不同密度霰对降水强度模拟影响较大,LDG(小密度霰)试验海南东部和北部两个降水中心强度减小,HDG(大密度霰)试验东部降水中心强度减小,北部降水强度增大。(2)随着霰密度增大,强降水时期高层霰含量减少,0 ℃层以下霰含量增多。雨水主要来自霰和雪向雨水的转化,其中霰向雨水转化量最大,对降水贡献最大,并随着霰密度增大霰向雨水转化量增多。(3)随着霰密度增大,暴雨及以下降水范围减小、大暴雨及以上降水范围增大;单位格点降水率增大,大暴雨及以上降水贡献增大。随着降水强度增大,小密度霰收集雨水量增多,霰向雨水净转化量减少,对降水贡献减小;大密度霰融化量明显增多,霰收集雨水量增幅较小,霰向雨水净转化量增大,对降水贡献增大。 相似文献
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利用美国中尺度大气模式WRF对珠三角地区2007年12月的大气环境进行模拟,并通过敏感性实验,分析城市化的发展对珠三角地区冬季大气环境、大气扩散能力的影响。结果显示,城市化以后,城市热岛效应显著,城市气温有明显的上升,最高达0.6℃,这一升温的趋势在每天20:00表现得最为明显,空气质量指数(RAQI指数)与2 m温度有很好的相关性,这说明城市热岛与大气污染可能有着密切的关系;边界层水平风速也出现了大幅的改变。城市化使10 m风速在城市的大部分地区降低了1 m/s,而在局部地区达到了3 m/s的降幅。风速减小助长了大气污染程度。 相似文献