珠江口盆地白云凹陷始新世—中新世沉积物物源研究

运用地质与地球物理综合研究方法,对南海北部珠江口盆地白云深水区始新世—中新世的沉积充填特征开展研究,结果表明,在早中始新世,白云凹陷沉积环境经历了由陆相冲积扇到中深湖相的转变,晚始新世部分地区遭受海侵,沉积物源主要来自北部番禺低隆起和东沙及神狐构造高部位,以近源沉积为主。到早渐新世,凹陷沉积环境转变为海陆过渡相及海相环境,凹陷北部受番禺低隆起等局部物源控制,凹陷主体接受大量源自南海西部昆莺琼古河的物源供给。到晚渐新世,古珠江沉积范围增大,突破番禺低隆起进入白云凹陷,凹陷北部主体受古珠江搬运沉积物影响,凹陷其余地区则接受来自北部古珠江及西部昆莺琼古河双物源供给。进入中新世,由于盆地热沉降作用的加强,南海北部陆架坡折带由白云凹陷南部跃迁至北部,凹陷水深不断加深,凹陷主体受古珠江沉积物的控制,其中南部地区为深水环境,受到由浊流搬运来的北部古珠江物质、西部昆莺琼古河物质以及正常远洋沉积物的共同影响。     

动态时空视角下黄河流域城市土地利用效率的集聚演化特征

【研究目的】测度并分析黄河流域城市土地利用效率的时空格局特征是全面实现黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的内在需求。【研究方法】本文以黄河流域83个地级市为研究对象,基于2004—2017年的市级投入产出数据,构建随机前沿模型和空间关联模型,测度并分析城市土地利用效率的时空集聚演化特征。【研究结果】2004—2017年黄河流域城市土地利用效率呈现明显的增长趋势,上游增长快,中、下游增长慢,整体仍处于中低水平;黄河流域城市土地利用效率的空间分布差异较大,但城市群中心城市的引领作用逐渐凸显,高效率区域（一、二类）逐渐由“斑点”状扩张为“斑块”状,中、低效率区域逐渐缩小,城市群间、上中下游间的土地利用效率空间分布差异逐步收敛;黄河流域城市土地利用效率存在空间正相关,且集聚特征逐年增强。LISA（局部空间自相关）空间形态呈现两极分化的特征,高效率均质区域（H-H类型）主要分布在山东半岛,且逐渐聚集成片,中原城市群首次出现H-H集聚区;低-高关联（L-H类型）由山东潍坊市转变为内蒙古巴彦淖尔市;高-低关联（H-L类型）分布在兰州市;低效率均质区域（L-L类型）分布在六盘山区、秦巴山区等国家级集中连片贫...     

西沙群岛西科1井中新统-上新统白云岩微观特征及成因

西科1井白云岩主要分布于上中新统黄流组, 在上新统莺歌海组二段和中中新统梅山组有零星分布; 主要的白云岩层段一般发育在褐色铁质矿物浸染的古暴露面之下.根据岩石铸体薄片观察、阴极发光及扫描电镜测试分析, 西科1井白云岩中白云石总体上呈微晶及细粉晶双峰态结构, 微晶白云石为灰岩基质经选择性白云石化的结果, 呈平直晶面半自形晶, 主要为泥微晶基质白云石化的结果; 粉晶-细晶白云石呈平直晶面自形晶, 为胶结物白云石或过度白云化结果, 过度白云化雾心亮边白云石的"亮边"与胶结物白云石成分一致, 阴极发光下二者显示同样的光性特征.微量元素测试及碳氧同位素测试表明: 白云岩一般具有低铁、低锰含量, δ18O_PDB均为正值, 变化于2.293‰~5.072‰之间, δ13C_PDB变化于1.214‰~3.051‰之间; 西科1井白云岩与西琛1井白云岩具有相似的层位分布特征和碳、氧同位素特征, 可能反映着相同或相似的成因.回流渗透模式可能适用于西沙地区白云岩, 频繁的海平面升降、环礁内蒸发环境及与中新世末期构造运动有关的热流体上涌促进了西沙地区白云岩的形成, 高渗透性礁相碳酸盐岩沉积为高Mg/Ca比值的蒸发水回流渗透提供了运移通道.      

南海西沙西科1井层序地层格架与礁生长单元特征

碳酸盐岩礁滩体系是南海海域重要的油气储层之一.南海西沙岛屿全取心的科学钻井——西科1井, 为南海碳酸盐岩礁滩体系的详细研究提供极好的条件.通过西科1井岩心的宏观描述及微观分析, 结合高分辨岩心扫描及大量分析测试结果, 对碳酸盐岩礁滩体系展开了精细研究.根据识别出的6个暴露面、2个淹没面, 将西科1井中中新世以来划分为9个三级层序.其中晚中新世黄流组和第四系乐东组为主要成礁期, 以海泛面和暴露面为标志, 将礁体归纳为淹没型生长单元和暴露型生长单元两大类, 暴露型又进一步细分为硬基底和软基底两类, 淹没型可细分为快速淹没和缓慢淹没两类.垂向上形成了极具特色的礁体组合, 即慢步礁(或淹没礁)、同步礁(加积礁)、快步礁(暴露礁).研究成果对于南海生物礁生长过程及碳酸盐岩礁滩储层勘探具有重要参考价值.      

深水浊流形成过程的水动力学模拟:以南海北部琼东南盆地浊流形成过程为例

Turbidity currents represent a major agent for sediment transport in lakes, seas and oceans. In particu-lar, they formulate the most significant clastic accumulations in the deep sea, which become many of the world＇s most important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Several boreholes in the Qiongdongnan Basin, the north-western South China Sea, have recently revealed turbidity current deposits as significant hydrocarbon res-ervoirs. However, there are some arguments for the potential provenances. To solve this problem, it is es-sential to delineate their sedimentary processes as well as to evaluate their qualities as reservoir. Numerical simulations have been developed rapidly over the last several years, offering insights into turbidity current behaviors, as geologically significant turbidity currents are difficult to directly investigate due to their large scale and often destructive nature. Combined with the interpretation of the turbidity system based on high-resolution 3D seismic data, the paleotophography is acquired via a back-stripping seismic profile integrated with a borehole, i.e., Well A, in the western Qiongdongnan Basin; then a numerical model is built on the basis of this back-stripped profile. After defining the various turbidity current initial boundary conditions, includ-ing grain size, velocity and sediment concentration, the structures and behaviors of turbidity currents are investigated via numerical simulation software ANSYS FLUENT. Finally, the simulated turbidity deposits are compared with the interpreted sedimentary bodies based on 3D seismic data and the potential provenances of the revealed turbidites by Well A are discussed in details. The simulation results indicate that a sedimen-tary body develops far away from its source with an average grain size of 0.1 mm, i.e., sand-size sediment. Taking into account the location and orientation of the simulated seismic line, the consistence between normal forward simulation results and the revealed cores in Well A indicates that the turbidites should ha     

西沙岛礁基底花岗质岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义北大核心CSCD

西沙地块作为南海中散布的微地块之一,迄今尚缺乏有关中生代构造-岩浆活动的岩石学资料或证据。在2012—2013年,中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司在西沙岛礁上设计实施了"西科1井"科学钻探,成功钻取了长达1 268.02m的岩心,并在井深1 257.52m处钻遇由变质岩和侵入岩组成的结晶基底。利用LA-ICP-MS分析测试技术,对取自岛礁基底的花岗质岩石进行了锆石U-Pb年龄测定,结合邻区和华南地区花岗质岩石的形成年代,探讨了与岩浆作用相关的大地构造环境。结果表明:西沙花岗质岩石在岩性上属碱长花岗岩和二长花岗岩,与南沙地块的花岗质岩石同为I型花岗岩,形成于活动陆缘构造环境下,其岩浆源区可能在一定程度上受到了幔源组分的影响;西沙岛礁基底花岗质岩石形成年龄在144~158 Ma之间,是晚侏罗世构造-岩浆作用的产物,在成岩时代上可与华南燕山期花岗岩进行对比,反映出由古太平洋板块俯冲机制诱发的燕山期岩浆活动对华南大陆和南海地区产生了广泛的影响;岩石学证据表明,西沙-中沙和南沙地块经历了燕山期多期次岩浆活动的改造,在基底构造上属华南大陆的延伸部分。     

琼东南盆地深水区中央峡谷沉积微相特征

中央峡谷位于南海北部琼东南盆地深水区,是琼东南盆地深水区油气勘探的重点区域。迄今为止,对于峡谷的成因及沉积微相的认识,不同学者有不同的观点。近来,峡谷内又新增了多口钻井,系统的分析总结峡谷的充填期次、沉积微相的划分及骨架砂体的展布意义重大,将直接影响到峡谷下一步的勘探部署。因此,本文以钻井资料为基础,通过岩矿特征、粒度分析、沉积构造、古生物特征、测井相等的分析,再结合高分辨率三维地震资料,综合分析了地震剖面、均方根振幅属性、多种切片技术等地震相特征,根据从点到面的研究思路对黄流组时期（S₄₀～S₃₀）中央峡谷发育的沉积微相进行了精细研究,研究表明琼东南盆地中央峡谷为大型侵蚀型水道,具有曲流水道特征,类似陆上曲流河沉积,发育点砂坝、天然堤复合体、泥质水道等沉积微相;综合构造背景、古地貌及古地貌与平面沉积相叠合图的研究表明,点砂坝主要发育于峡谷古地形的弯曲处,系水道不断迁移摆动而形成的侧向加积体,地震剖面上表现为强振幅叠瓦状前积型特征,岩性为块状细砂岩夹薄层泥岩,测井曲线GR呈中-高幅箱形夹薄层低幅齿形,为正旋回沉积特征。点砂坝规模不等,面积约8~20.5 km2;天然堤复合体范围较窄,这可能受峡谷壁的限制作用影响。已钻井也证实,点砂坝作为峡谷水道的骨架砂体,储层物性好,具有良好的勘探前景。     

基于高精度岩心扫描元素数据的高频层序划分:以西科1井第四系生物礁滩体系为例

生物礁生长对水体环境参数要求苛刻,因而生物礁体系垂向演化藴藏了丰富的古海平面、古环境变化信息。基于海平面变化的层序格架内,生物礁体中元素地球化学指标呈现出较好的规律性分布。利用Panalytical衍射仪和Itrax岩心扫描仪分别对西科1井第四系生物礁滩体进行了矿物组分和元素地球化学分析,其中矿物组分结果显示不稳定的文石、高镁方解石主要分布在第四系浅层,而深层以低镁方解石为主。根据矿物组分,将第四系划分为2段:富文石段和富方解石段,分别选用不同元素指标采用频谱分析和小波变换,有效地进行了五级层序、六级层序划分,其中富文石段可进一步划分出6个五级层序和24个六级层序,富方解石段划分出21个五级层序和74个六级层序,划分结果显示,高频单元内元素指标亦呈现出规律性变化,反映了周期性的环境变化。      

琼东南盆地中央坳陷带拆离断层及其控盆作用

Using regional geological, newly acquired 2D and 3D seismic, drilling and well log data, especially 2D long cable seismic profiles, the structure and stratigraphy in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin are interpreted. The geometry of No.2 fault system is also re-defined, which is an important fault in the central depression belt of the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin by employing the quantitative analysis techniques of fault activity and backstripping. Furthermore, the dynamical evolution of the No.2 fault sys-tem and its controls on the central depression belt are analyzed. This study indicates that the Qiongdongnan Basin was strongly influenced by the NW-trending tensile stress field during the Late Eocene. At this time, No.2 fault system initiated and was characterized by several discontinuous fault segments, which controlled a series small NE-trending fault basins. During the Oligocene, the regional extensional stress field changed from NW-SE to SN with the oceanic spreading of South China Sea, the early small faults started to grow along their strikes, eventually connected and merged as the listric shape of the No.2 fault system as ob-served today. No.2 fault detaches along the crustal Moho surface in the deep domain of the seismic profiles as a large-scale detachment fault. A large-scale rollover anticline formed in hanging wall of the detachment fault. There are a series of small fault basins in both limbs of the rollover anticline, showing that the early small basins were involved into fold deformation of the rollover anticline. Structurally, from west to east, the central depression belt is characterized by alternatively arranged graben and half-graben. The central depression belt of the Qiongdongnan Basin lies at the extension zone of the tip of the V-shaped northwest-ern ocean sub-basin of the South China Sea, its activity period is the same as the development period of the northwestern ocean sub-basin, furthermore the emplacement and eruption of magma that originated from the mantle b     

琼东南盆地三亚组陆架边缘三角洲的发现及其油气勘探意义

以琼东南盆地最新钻井和地震资料解释为基础,结合区域地质背景,从岩相、地震相、平面展布及垂向演化等几个方面入手,提出了陆架边缘三角洲这一重要深水储层类型,并与正常陆架三角洲、浅海砂坝的差异进行了对比,研究表明:琼东南盆地北部三亚组一段沉积时期发育陆架边缘三角洲;陆架边缘三角洲沉积于相对海平面下降期,岩性由浅灰色细砂岩-灰白色钙质细砂岩组成了多个反旋回序列,地震剖面上表现为明显前积特征,整体位于陆架边缘附近,明显区别于浅海砂坝和陆架三角洲;通过壁心储层物性分析,陆架边缘三角洲河口坝砂岩以细砂岩为主,单储厚度大、砂岩粒度粗,储层物性较好,鉴于陆架边缘三角洲具有良好的储层特征,有望成为我国深水油气勘探的又一主要靶区,并对其他深水盆地油气勘探具有重要借鉴意义。