两种蛤仔线粒体16SrRNA基因和CO I基因的序列比较

对菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）和杂色蛤仔（Ruditapes variegata）的线粒体16SrRNA基因和CO I基因序列进行了分析。结果表明,16S序列共有117个变异位点,CO I序列共有160个变异位点,CO I基因编码的219个氨基酸序列中有29个不同。根据16S序列和CO ...     

栉孔扇贝DAPI带型和PI带型研究

选取栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri担轮幼虫为材料,采用秋水仙素-低渗-空气干燥法制备染色体标本,应用荧光显带技术,分析了DAPI带和PI带在栉孔扇贝染色体上的分布。DAPI带型结果显示,栉孔扇贝所有染色体上都存在DAPI阳性带,主要分布于传统的着丝粒区和端部区域,另外还存在一些中间区DAPI带及可变带,总带数为62。PI带型结果与DAPI带型结果相似,在所有染色体上都存在PI阳性带。2种带型的阳性带所在位置与异染色质分布区域相吻合。     

Sulfide-based ATP production in Urechis unicinctus

We measured sulfide-based ATP production by isolated mitochondria from four tissues of Urechis unicinctus and the effects of inhibitors of respiratory complexes on ATP production were evaluated. The results show that these mitochondria could oxidize sulfide to produce ATP. The yield of sulfide-stimulated ATP varied from 5 nmol ATP/min/mg to 90 nmol ATP/min/mg according to the sulfide concentration and the source of the mitochondria. The maximum ATP synthesis occurred in hindgut mitochondria using 5 μmol/L sulfide as a substrate. The effects of inhibitors (Rotenone, Antimycin A, Cyanide, and Salicylhydroxamic acid) on mitochondrial ATP production varied with the source of the mitochondria. Our results indicate that sulfide-based ATP production and the associated electron transport pathway are tissue-specific in U. unicinctus.     

Applications of immuno-magnetic bead and immunofluorescent flow cytometric techniques for the quantitative detection of HAB microalgae

Overthelastseveraldecades,harmfulalgalblooms(HABs)havebecomeaseriousenvironmental problem in many parts of the world. A rapid and accurate detection process for HAB algae has yet to be developed. Heterosigma akashiwo is one of the most important HABs species in China. The objective of this study was to develop an immunologic technique that can rapidly and sensitively count H. akashiwo cells. Five HABs species (Alexandrium catenella, Thalassiosira sp., Cryptomonas sp., Alexandrium tamarense and Symbiodinium sp.,) were used in this study to evaluate the analysis process we developed. A polyclonal antibody with high titers against H. akashiwo was obtained by injecting H. akashiwo cells into rabbits. Immuno-magnetic beads (IMB) were produced via conjugated polyclonal antibodies with magnetic beads and applied to isolate and count H. akashiwo cells from the culture. Results show that 66.7%-91.6% of the cells were captured from unialgal culture by IMBs, and only 5.3%-12.5% of the four other HAB microalgae species were captured, indicating that the constructed IMBs combined specifically with the H. akashiwo cells. At the same time, flow cytometry (FCM) sorting was exploited to screen H. akashiwo cells after labeling with FITC conjugated polyclonal antibodies. Using the FCM technique, 91.7% of the targeted cells were sorted out from mixed microalgae samples in just a few minutes. These results indicate that both antibody-involved IMB and antibody-based FCM techniques are highly effective at detecting and quantifying HAB species. These techniques, especially immuno-magnetic separation, have low associated cost, and are fast and simple processes compared with other techniques currently in use.     

栉孔扇贝EST-SNP标记开发及多态性分析

EST(表达序列标签)数据库发掘是单核苷酸多态性标记(SNP)开发的重要途径。本研究利用栉孔扇贝转录组测序数据进行SNP筛选,在含有4条EST以上的18 780条contig(拼接序列)中,共获得21 813个候选SNP位点。利用高分辨率熔解曲线结合非标记探针技术,对其中90个位点在4个野生群体中进行了位点多态性检测。得到33个(36.7%)具有二等位基因位点,并对其中26个位点进行了功能注释。进一步的标记验证显示,33个多态位点在青岛野生群体的48个个体中均成功分型,其观测杂合度Ho和期望杂合度He的分布范围分别为0.062 5～0.744 7和0.099 8～0.504 6,其中5个位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,各位点间没有检测到连锁不平衡。研究为栉孔扇贝群体遗传学和遗传育种分析提供了候选标记。     

渤海海域褐潮期微型浮游生物多样性的初步研究

2009年以来每年夏季在河北省渤海海域爆发大面积的褐潮,致使当地海洋生态系统和水产养殖业遭到严重破坏。褐潮优势藻个体微小(约2μm),难以通过传统的形态学观察进行藻种鉴定,因此可借助于分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定。本研究收集了2011年褐潮爆发期山海关、新开口、乐亭海域3个站位的微型浮游生物样品,建立了微型浮游生物的18S rDNA可变区V9的克隆文库并进行测序,BLAST比对确定序列的分类信息。结果表明,各海域浮游生物的多样性组成不同,山海关海域物种丰富度低于新开口和乐亭。同时发现,抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)在3个站位中均具有较高的丰度,占山海关海域测序总量的74%;多形微眼藻(Minutocellus polymorphus)在3个站位中也均可检测到,在新开口和乐亭海域的丰度较高。以上结果表明,渤海海域的褐潮可能是由这2种褐潮生物共同形成的。     

野生和养殖牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)遗传差异的RAPD和ISSR研究

利用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术,分析了山东威海近海野生和养殖牙鲆的遗传多样性差异。结果表明,用10个RAPD引物对两个样本各30个个体的基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得110个重复性好且带谱清晰的扩增位点,片段大小在200—2500bp之间,野生样本和养殖样本的多态位点比例分别为59.09%和60·91%,Shannon多样性值分别为16·563和16·917,野生样本内平均遗传距离为0·17427,养殖样本为0·17553,样本间遗传距离为0·17419。用6个ISSR引物共在两样本中检测到161个位点,野生样本有111个(68·94%)为多态位点,养殖样本有112个(69·57%)为多态位点,野生和养殖样本的样本内平均遗传距离分别为0·19996和0·20007,样本间遗传距离为0·20002,Shannon多样性值分别为29·254和29·688。平均位点多态率显著性检验标明,无论是利用RAPD还是ISSR技术,两群体间平均位点多态率皆差异不显著,说明第一代养殖群体的遗传结构尚未发生明显变化。     

细胞色素B基因PCR-RFLP鉴定阿胶原料

用细胞色素B基因PCR-RFLP方法对阿胶原料进行鉴定。提取马、牛、驴3种动物干皮DNA,PCR扩增细胞色素B基因保守区域的359 bp片段,用限制性内切酶HinfⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳获得了DNA指纹图谱,根据获得的DNA指纹图谱判定样品所属物种。该方法不仅简便,还可以100%准确鉴定阿胶原料皮样所属物种来源,适合作为常规技术应用于阿胶原料鉴定。     

日本盘鲍×皱纹盘鲍子代杂种优势的RAPD分析

本文通过对日本盘鲍 (D)、皱纹盘鲍 (H)及其二者的正反杂交子代 D♀× H♂ (DH)、D♂× H♀ (HD)四样本的基因组 DNA进行 RAPD标记分析。探讨了杂种优势产生的分子遗传机制。从 4 0个随机引物 (OPK,OPV系列 )中筛选出 12个引物进行扩增 ,共得到 113条清晰稳定的扩增带 ,多态率占 4 3.3%。其中四群体各有其特异扩增位点。另外 D与 DH,H与 HD及 D与 DH,HD等间亦存在共享片段。四群体内相似性指数各自为 0 .798(H)、0 .799(D)、0 .777(HD)、0 .788(DH)。可见正反杂交子代群体内相似性指数皆低于两亲本 ,这表明杂种子代基因组发生的变异更大些。皱纹盘鲍与其正反杂交子代的相对遗传距离分别为 0 .0 76 ,0 .0 95,而日本盘鲍与其正反杂交子代的相对遗传距离分别为 0 .0 31,0 .0 33,前者明显大于后者 ,这表明杂交子代与两亲本的遗传距离不是对等的 ,而是更偏向日本盘鲍。     

中国对虾触角腺组织结构和功能的初步研究

在光镜和透射电镜下观察中国对虾 (Penaeus chinensis)触角腺的组织结构和细胞超微结构 ,并对其生理功能进行了初步探讨。光镜观察显示 :触角腺由体腔囊、迷路和原肾管 3部分组成。开放的血窦和动脉小血管分布在体腔囊和迷路小管之间。电镜观察研究表明 :1体腔囊壁由足细胞和基膜组成 ,足细胞以足状突起连接于基膜上 ,血窦和动脉小血管中的血淋巴液滤入体腔囊形成原尿。足细胞吸收原尿中的大分子物质 ,并行细胞内消化与解毒作用。 2迷路小管上皮细胞游离面具发达的微绒毛 ,细胞基部质膜形成大量内褶。迷路具有对原尿中的大分子物质、水及无机离子进行重吸收的功能 ,并能排泄机体代谢废物 ,参与渗透压调节。 3原肾管上皮细胞基部质膜和侧膜向细胞内形成更深更多的质膜内褶 ,细胞进一步重吸收管腔中的水及无机离子 ,并通过活跃的无机离子代谢作用 ,在形成中国对虾高渗、浓缩尿中发挥重要作用