中国流动人口的影响要素与空间分布

利用公安部 1 996年流动人口统计数据 ,对中国流动人口的影响要素和空间分布进行了分析和研究。首先 ,从城市角度分析中国流动人口的“拉力”要素发现 :流动人口规模与经济增长要素、投资要素相关显著 ,与社会发展要素、消费要素相关不显著 ;其次 ,运用 GIS技术与空间相关分析的综合集成方法 ,对中国流动人口的空间分布进行研究 ,结果表明 :中国流动人口分布存在着突出的城乡“二元”结构、东中西“3带、 5区”的空间格局。     

动态模拟扫描成像转台转速系统变阻尼控制与PID控制的对比研究

在设计高精度速率转台系统时，对PID控制与变阻尼控制作了对比研究，采用变阻尼控制方案较好地解决了系统快速性的矛盾，并且给出的仿真结果实验是令人满意的。     

祁连山北坡流域冰川物质平衡波动及其对河西水资源的影响

祁连山北坡各流域发育有现代冰川 2 166条 ,总面积 13 0 8km2 ,冰储量 60km3,冰川融水补给河流约 8× 10 8m3·a-1,占河西地表总径流量的 11% .近 4 0a来 ,东段石羊河流域冰川物质平衡 (Bn)呈较大负平衡 ,Bn在 - 80～ - 12 0mm间 ;西段的讨勒河、疏勒河和党河流域冰川具正物质平衡 ,Bn在+ 5 0～ + 90mm ;黑河流域的冰川处于过渡区 ,其冰川物质平衡多年平均在 - 4 0～ + 4 0mm间 .冰川物质平衡的变化直接影响着河流径流的变化 ,洪水坝河、党河和昌马河的冰川融水补给率达 3 0～ 4 0 %以上 ,东大河、大渚马河、马营河和讨勒河的补给率在 12 %～ 14 %之间 ,而西营河和梨园河仅有 7%左右 .冰川物质平衡逐年变化显示 ,2 0世纪 5 0～ 70年代冰川以负物质平衡为主 ,80年代开始向正的平衡开始转化 ,90年代以正平衡为主 ,主要是冬季气温上升引起的降雪量增加的结果 .在全球气温变暖情景下 ,东段冰川物质平衡将呈增加的趋势 ,西段冰川物质平衡将呈下降的趋势 ,将使西段以冰川融水补给的河流径流增加 ,而东段石羊河流域径流下降明显 .     

基于昆明市精细化GIS的天气雷达标准格式基数据应用

以国家地理信息公共服务平台、云南数字乡村、Mapinfo公共数据为数据源,在C#开发环境下实现了精细到乡镇、公路、行政村、自然村的昆明市精细化地理信息系统(GIS)的自主研发,解决了基层气象部门缺乏精细化GIS的难题。介绍了标准格式基数据的解析、成图过程及注意事项,在全国范围内较早实现了天气雷达标准格式基数据在基层气象部门的业务应用。在业务应用过程中,发现了CC天气雷达标准格式早期基数据存在回波强度严重减弱的问题;昆明市精细化GIS与昆明天气雷达回波图的融合应用,可以精确定位雷达强回波区,对精细化气象服务具有指导作用,提高了强天气精细化预警能力、短时临近精细化预报能力和防灾减灾能力。     

CC天气雷达数据流传输业务台站级监控报警系统的设计与实现

利用UDP组播通信、进程监控、文件监控、网络监控等技术,研发了CC天气雷达数据流传输业务台站级监控报警系统,较早、较好地实现了雷达扫描状态、数据流上行传输、标准格式基数据本地存储、基数据补传、软件运行和网络运行状态的实时监控和短信报警。实践表明,软件运行较稳定,能对数据流传输业务进行有效监控,短信报警准确及时,报警阈值从6min缩短到40s,提升了故障的发现和处理效率,提高了天气雷达业务可用性和数据传输质量,减轻了雷达台站业务人员的值守压力。     

基于TM图像的城市生态绿地格局分析与评价

通过对遥感图像的校正、增强、变换和相关性分析等预处理,实现了TM图像的信息提取和精度分析。结果表明,基于TM图像的遥感分析与评价方法能够准确描述城市生态绿地格局在宏观和微观方面的基本特征。     

青藏高原盐湖水化学及其矿物组合特征

青藏高原湖泊的矿化度与其湖泊演化所处的自然环境,特别是与气候条件关系密切,根据取得盐湖数量和卫片解译,本区湖泊矿化度在空间上变化的总趋势是由北、西北向南、东南趋向下降,大体上与现代高原年干燥度(年蒸发量/年降水量)呈同步变化。高原盐湖的pH值既与水化学类型有关,又与湖水矿化度有关,即由碳酸盐型→硫酸钠亚型→硫酸镁亚型→氧化物型,其pH值趋于下降,而湖泊的pH值与矿化度大体呈反相关。根据库尔纳可夫—瓦良什科分类法及作者对碳酸盐型的细分,对青藏高原盐湖水化学进行了全面细致划分,从而取得了清晰的规律性认识:本区盐湖水化学具有南北分带,东西分区的特点。不同的盐湖水化学类型,具有不同的专属性,碳酸盐型代表性成矿组合为硼砂(三方硼砂)或硼砂—扎布耶石,以及碱—芒硝组合;硫酸钠亚型代表性成矿组合为芒硝(无水芒硝)—石盐以及镁硼酸盐(库水硼镁石、柱硼镁石等)—钠硼解石—芒硝;硫酸镁亚型代表性成矿组合为硫酸镁盐(泻利盐、白钠镁矾)—石盐、镁硼酸盐—芒硝、芒硝—软钾镁矾—石盐以及大量石膏;氯化物型代表性成矿组合则为光卤石—水氯镁石—石盐、光卤石—石盐,个别盐湖共生南极石。由此可见,青藏高原各类型盐湖矿物组合基本上具有冷相组合特征,芒硝及与其共生的冷相盐类矿物,可成为研究古气候变化的重要标志物。目前已检出青藏高原盐湖水含有59种元素,其中B与Li、Cs、K、Rb有密切共生关系,其含量随湖水矿化度增长大致呈正相关;B、Li、Cs、K、Rb最高正异常落在羌南碳酸盐型带(Ⅰ2)西段—昂拉陵湖区为中心地区;并与本区中新世火山沉积岩系和地热水B、Li、Cs、Rb等高值区并行不悖。以上有力证明B、Li、Cs等特殊元素物质与深部来源有关。据近期大量地球物理和火山岩岩石地球化学研究,其成因与印度—欧亚陆陆碰撞引起的重熔岩浆作用有密切成因联系。南美科迪勒拉高原硼锂(铯)盐湖即生成于活动大陆边缘,两者均说明全球特定的活动构造带是造成天然水B、Li、Cs(K、Rb)高丰度及其成矿作用的主因。     

Phase Chemistry Study of the Zabuye Salt Lake Brine: Isothermal Evaporation at 15°C and 25°C

Zabuye Salt Lake in Tibet, China is a carbonate-type salt lake, which has some unique characteristics that make it different from other types of salt lakes. The lake is at the latter period in its evolution and contains liquid and solid resources. Its brine is rich in Li, B, K and other useful minor elements that are of great economic value. We studied the concentration behavior of these elements and the crystallization paths of salts during isothermal evaporation of brine at 15°C and 25°C. The crystallization sequence of the primary salts from the brine at 25°C is halite (NaCl) → aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4) → zabuyelite (Li2CO3)→ trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) → thermonatrite (Na2CO3·H2O) → sylvite (KCl), while the sequence is halite (NaCl) → sylvite (KCl) → trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) → zabuyelite (Li2CO3) → thermonatrite (Na2CO3·H2O) → aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4) at 15°C. They are in accordance with the metastable phase diagram of the Na+, K+-Cl?, CO32?, SO42?-H2O quinary system at 25°C, except for Na2CO3·7H2O which is replaced by trona and thermonatrite. In the 25°C experiment, zabuyelite (Li2CO3) was precipitated in the early stage because Li2CO3 is supersaturated in the brine at 25°C, in contrast with that at 15°C, it precipitated in the later stage. Potash was precipitated in the middle and late stages in both experiments, while boron was concentrated in the early and middle stages and precipitated in the late stage.     

广西兴业县龙安高岭土矿床成矿地质特征、选矿试验及开采价值浅谈

广西兴业县龙安高岭土矿床产于大容山花岗岩体龙门单元补充侵入岩,成矿母岩为细粒斑状二长花岗岩。高岭土分布广,储量大,埋藏浅,易开采,矿物组分主要为高岭石和石英。高岭石为片状晶体,有序度高,粒度细,粒级分布理想,广泛用于陶瓷、造纸、橡胶、油漆及无线电电子元件、冶金、石油、原子能、建材等,具有巨大的经济开采价值及广阔的市场需求前景。     

Research on Ecosystem Service Consumption in Guilin City

Research on ecosystem service consumption not only helps to reveal the utilization intensity and management level of the ecosystem in Guilin, but it also provides a scientific basis for ecosystem investment, trade, subsidies and taxation by the Guilin government departments. Based on household survey data of urban and rural ecological consumption, the physical quantity accounting method is adopted for multivariate statistical analyses, such as analysis of variance and multiple comparison. This analysis reveals the differences and changes in the consumption level, consumption structure and consumption pattern of the main ecological products in Guilin among the various counties. The results fit into four main themes. (1) The annual per capita consumption of the main ecological products in Guilin varies either extremely significantly or significantly among the counties, but the consumption level of ecological products varies according to the type of products. There are significant or extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of cereals, melons and fruits, pork, poultry, beef and mutton, fresh eggs and milk between urban and rural residents. (2) There are extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of fruits, pork, poultry, beef and mutton, fish, fresh milk and vegetable oil among urban residents in different counties. There are also extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of cereals, pork, poultry and alcohol among rural residents in different counties, and significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of fresh eggs and milk. The consumption level of ecological products by urban and rural resident varies with the type of products. (3) The ecological consumption patterns of all counties in Guilin mainly follow the “cereal + vegetable + fruit + meat” pattern for urban residents and the “cereal + vegetable + meat” pattern for rural residents (except for the rural residents in Pingle, which show the “cereal + vegetable” pattern). The consumption structure of urban residents is better than that of rural residents. (4) There is a large gap between the ecological consumption of urban and rural residents in Guilin and China's recommended standards, except for cereals and meat. The main problems are excessive meat intake, and insufficient intake of dark vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk and fish. Therefore, we should make full use of forestland, grassland, water and other resources in the area, and vigorously develop fishery, fruit and vegetable production and herbivorous animal husbandry to meet people's ecological needs for dark fruits and vegetables, eggs, milk and fish in Guilin City.