Distribution and formation of high-fluorine groundwater in China

In China, high-fluorine groundwater, which contains more than 1.0 mg/l fluorine, is mainly distributed in shallow aquifers of unconsolidated deposits in some arid and semiarid areas, deep aquifers of unconsolidated deposits in semiarid areas, as well as in hot springs of bed rock mountainous area and aquifers of fluorite-mine area. Its formation is controlled by regional climate factors, seepage conditions of groundwater, as well as the hydrogeochemical environment. The physicochemical properties of soil mass of the aeration zone play an important role in fluorine concentration in shallow groundwater. In the coastal plain areas, where groundwater is mainly recharged and discharged vertically, and its regime type belongs to the type of infiltration—evaporation, the grain size of soil mass of aeration zone directly influences the amount of fluorine transferred from solid medium into water; and the chemical constituents of the soil mass of aeration zone controls the chemical characteristics of the shallow groundwater, consequently influencing the concentration condition of fluorine in water. Fluorine ion in groundwater continuously migrates and concentrates under the comprehensive influence of many factors. High-fluorine groundwater exceeding the sanitary standard (1.0 mg/l) has an obvious zonality in regional distribution in China. Based on current statistics, there are roughly 50 million people (Zheng Qifu 1986) who have consumed water which exceeds standards in China. In highfluorine groundwater areas, endemic fluorine-poisoning often arises to different extents, affecting human health seriously. At the end of 1983, over 20 million patients were suffering from fluorine-poisoning diseases in China (Xu Guozhang, unpublished data). Therefore, research of the distribution feature and formation mechanism of fluorine ion in groundwater has become an important task.     

红河断裂北段断层泥中自生伊利石K-Ar年龄及地质意义

印度板块与欧亚板块之间约50Ma以来的持续碰撞作用,导致了地壳块体沿红河断裂带的侧向挤出[1].研究表明,红河断裂带第三纪为左旋走滑运动,并有过从左旋运动到右旋运动的转化[1,2].     

基于GIS和神经网络的森林植被分类

本文综述了国际遥感分类研究,使用Landsat7 ETM＋遥感数据和地理辅助数据,应用BP神经网络方法,将莽汉山林场作为研究区进行了遥感影像的分类研究。比较了BP神经网络分类与最大似然、简单和复杂非监督分类法之间的类型与数量精度。BP神经网络分类的总类型精度是70.5%,总数量精度为84.65%,KAPPA系数是0.6455。结果说明BP神经网络的分类质量优于其他方法,其总的类型精度与其他三种分类方法相比分别增加了10.5%、32%和33%,总的质量精度增加了5.3%。因此,辅以地理参考数据的BP神经网络分类可以作为一种有效的分类方法。     

On the development mechanism of the lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks of Chang 91 member in Ordos Basin

As revealed from recent drilling and organic geochemical testing and research, a series of lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks was discovered in the upper section of the Chang 9 oil reservoir member of upper Triassic in Ordos Basin. The hydrocarbon source rocks show average TOC content as high as 5.03%, average bitumen "A" content as high as 0.8603%, and good quality organic precursors, which are of the sapropelic type mainly derived from lower aquatic plants and have reached the thermal evolution stage featured by oil-producing climax. Generally the lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks were developed in local depressions of a lake basin, and the Chang 91 member was particularly formed in a depositional environment characterized by fresh water to weakly saline water, weakly oxidizing to weakly reducing setting and semi-deep lake facies, as was demonstrated by a variety of organic to inorganic geochemical parameters. As a result, high productivity constitutes the principal controlling force for generation of this series of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks. Deposition of thinly-bedded and laminated tuffs as well as positive Eu anomaly corroborate the possible occurrence of anoxic geological event closely related to contemporaneous volcanic eruption, which would play a key part in development of the Chang 91 member of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks.     

基于小波变换的多光谱图像压缩方法

在分析多光谱图像小波变换后系数特点的基础上,提出了一种共享有效图的小波变换压缩方法（ＳＳＭＷＴ）。该方法将小波变换压缩技术中的零树编码推广到多光谱图像压缩中,利用多光谱图像的结构相关性,对多幅小波图像只需构造一幅有效图,同时去除空间冗余和谱间结构冗余,并与Ｋ－Ｌ变换相结合,进一步去除谱间统计冗余,实验表明了该方法的有效性。     

江苏省流域面雨量气候特征及与雨涝关系的探讨

本文较为详细地分析了1961-2000年汛期5～9月江苏省四大流域面雨量年际、月际变化特征及面雨量的空间分布特征，提出了面雨量异常指数的定义，进行了极值分析，并分析了1980-2000年江苏省内涝对应的面雨量极值、面雨量距平。统计结果表明，强降水面雨量能较好的表征洪涝程度，为今后进一步研究流域面雨量致灾预测打下了基础。     

张北6.2级地震前安头屯井水位异常变化的分析

对张北6.2级和5.6级两次地震前安头屯井水位异常变化及表现特征进行分析、研究,从而认为该井对捕捉地震异常信息,特别是首都圈地区的监测预报有一定的使用价值.     

1997~89年冬季大气环流变化及中国近海海区天气气候特征

1997～98年发生了近百年最强的厄尔尼诺现象,本文对1997～98年冬季(12～2月)500hpa环流特征、东亚温带气旋活动及天气特征进行了分析．同时也对多年厄尔尼诺过程、非厄尔尼诺过程相对应的大气环流及天气特征做了对比分析．研究表明,厄尔尼诺年北半球500hpa环流30°N以南低纬地区位势高度偏高中纬度的槽脊分布与多年平均有较大不同,东亚大相偏弱,同时北美大槽减弱,北太平洋高压也减弱,西风环流指数偏强,西太平洋副热带高压西伸明显,强度偏强。中国东部沿海气旋分布特征为北部偏少,南部明显偏多;降水为东部沿海地区偏多明显;气温为南部海区出现高温的机率较大。     

新疆吐鲁番盆地陆相白垩纪与古近纪界线的环境指标

通过对新疆吐鲁番盆地白垩纪和古近纪陆相地层的氧化物、碳酸钙、有机碳含量分析以及有机碳稳定同位素的测试,并通过w(Fe³⁺)/w(Fe²⁺)比值指示的古温度研究,探讨了该地区白垩系-古近系界线的特征以及古气候特点。研究表明在白垩系/古近系界线附近各项环境指标发生了明显的变化。在白垩纪末期,有机碳同位素δ¹³C_org明显偏正,Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃含量降低;而进入古新世,δ¹³C_org明显偏负,Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃含量升高。对w(Fe³⁺)/w(Fe²⁺)比值指示的古温度计算表明,在白垩纪末期大气温度比较低,而进入古新世气温回升,这与进入古新世有机碳稳定同位素明显偏负的特征一致。     

基于夜间灯光数据的武汉都市圈建成区空间扩展及其驱动因素研究

以往在基于夜间灯光数据的区域城市空间扩展研究中,多从城市建成区平面形态扩张的角度进行分析,较少考虑灯光亮度信息对城市扩张强度的表征作用.针对此问题,通过整合两类夜间灯光数据,充分利用灯光亮度信息分析都市圈中各城市的空间扩展差异,并结合统计年鉴数据构建重心转移的时空地理回归模型,探测武汉都市圈的空间扩展进程及其驱动因素.结果表明:①1992—2018年武汉都市圈建成区的空间扩展进程经历了1992—2009年、2009—2013年、2013—2018年3个阶段;②3个阶段各区县加权重心转移方向的变化表明,在武汉都市圈内,武汉市对其他区县的吸引特征增强,同时各区县间的局部吸引特征增强;③2013年后社会经济、人口资源对都市圈建成区空间扩展的影响强烈.