地电场数据分析方法在华北地区的应用

应用VAN法、波形分析法、潮汐谐波分析等对华北地区观测资料质量较好的地电场台进行研究,结果表明,华北地区地电场波形日变幅度范围为2.35—11.12 mV/km;VAN法在华北地区有一定的震例对应,如2003年5月22日河北唐山ML 4.1、2006年7月4日河北文安ML 5.1、2010年3月6日河北滦县ML 4.7...     

A Comprehensive Observational Analysis for the Effects of Gas Cannons on Clouds and Precipitation

To analyze the effects of gas cannons on clouds and precipitation, multisource observational data, including those from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis, Hangzhou and Huzhou new-generation weather radars, laser disdrometer, ground-based automatic weather station, wind profiler radar, and Lin''an C-band dual polarization radar, were adopted in this study. Based on the variational dual-Doppler wind retrieval method and the polarimetric variables obtained by the dual-polarization radar, we analyzed the microphysical processes and the variations in the macro - and microphysical quantities in clouds from the perspective of the synoptic background before precipitation enhancement, the polarization echo characteristics before, during and after enhancement, and the evolution of the fine three-dimensional kinematic structure and the microphysical structure. The results show that the precipitation enhancement operation promoted the development of radar echoes and prolonged their duration, and both the horizontal and vertical wind speeds increased. The dual-polarization radar echo showed that the diameter of the precipitation particles increased, and the concentration of raindrops increased after precipitation enhancement. The raindrops were lifted to a height corresponding to 0 to -20 ℃ due to vertical updrafts. Based on the disdrometer data during precipitation enhancement, the concentration of small raindrops (lgNw) showed a significant increase, and the mass-weighted diameter Dm value decreased, indicating that the precipitation enhancement operation played a certain“lubricating”effect. After the precipitation enhancement, the concentration of raindrops did not change much compared with that during the enhancement process, while the Dm increased, corresponding to an increase in rain intensity. The results suggest the positive effect of gas cannons on precipitation enhancement.     

2022年春季海洋天气评述

2022年春季(3—5月)北半球极涡呈单极型分布,形状狭长,极涡强度与历史同期相当。北半球中高纬度西风带呈4波型分布。3月,我国北方的大部分地区及北部海域受西北气流控制;4月,东亚大槽加深,高压脊区较历史同期偏强;5月,中高纬环流调整为“两槽两脊”型。我国近海出现12次大风过程,其中冷空气大风过程4次,冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程3次,温带气旋大风过程4次,冷空气与热带气旋共同影响的大风过程1次。近海共出现10次比较明显的海雾过程,其中3月4次,4月3次,5月3次。西北太平洋和南海有2个热带气旋生成,接近常年同期平均值;全球其他海域有12个热带气旋生成,较历史同期平均值偏少5.7个。近海浪高2.0 m以上的海浪过程有12次,总日数为44 d。春季各月我国近海海面温度整体呈上升趋势,北方海域升温幅度大于南方海域。     

Monthly Variations of Atmospheric Circulations Associated with Haze Pollution in the Yangtze River Delta and North China

Haze pollution in early winter(December and January) in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) and in North China(NC)are both severe;however, their monthly variations are significantly different. In this study, the dominant large-scale atmospheric circulations and local meteorological conditions were investigated and compared over the YRD and NC in each month. Results showed that the YRD(NC) is dominated by the so-called Scandinavia(East Atlantic/West Russia)pattern in December, and these circulations weaken in January. The East Asian December and January monsoons over the YRD and NC have negative correlations with the number of haze days. The local descending motion facilitates less removal of haze pollution over the YRD, while the local ascending motion facilitates less removal of haze pollution over NC in January, despite a weaker relationship in December. Additionally, the monthly variations of atmospheric circulations showed that adverse meteorological conditions restrict the vertical(horizontal) dispersion of haze pollution in December(January) over the YRD, while the associated local weather conditions are similar in these two months over NC.     

Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Cloud Systems over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and East China: A Cloud-resolving Model Study

The seasonal and diurnal variations of cloud systems are profoundly affected by the large-scale and local environments. In this study, a one-year-long simulation was conducted using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP) and two subregions of Eastern China: Southern East China and Central East China. Deep convective clouds (DCCs) rarely occur in the cold season over ETP, whereas DCCs appear in Eastern China throughout the year, and the ETP DCCs are approximately 20%?30% shallower than those over Eastern China. Most strong rainfall events (precipitation intensity, PI> 2.5 mm h^?1) in Eastern China are related to warm-season DCCs with ice cloud processes. Because of the high elevation of the ETP, the warm-season freezing level is lower than in Eastern China, providing favorable conditions for ice cloud processes. DCCs are responsible for the diurnal variations of warm-season rainfall in all three regions. Warm-season DCCs over the ETP have the greatest total cloud water content and frequency in the afternoon, resulting in an afternoon rainfall peak. In addition, rainfall events in the ETP also exhibit a nocturnal peak in spring, summer, and autumn due to DCCs. Strong surface heat fluxes around noon can trigger or promote DCCs in spring, summer, and autumn over the ETP but produce only cumulus clouds in winter due to the cold and dry environment.     

Identification of Convective and Stratiform Clouds Based on the Improved DBSCAN Clustering Algorithm

A convective and stratiform cloud classification method for weather radar is proposed based on the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. To identify convective and stratiform clouds in different developmental phases, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models are proposed by applying reflectivity factors at 0.5° and at 0.5°, 1.5°, and 2.4° elevation angles, respectively. According to the thresholds of the algorithm, which include echo intensity, the echo top height of 35 dBZ (ET), density threshold, and ε neighborhood, cloud clusters can be marked into four types: deep-convective cloud (DCC), shallow-convective cloud (SCC), hybrid convective-stratiform cloud (HCS), and stratiform cloud (SFC) types. Each cloud cluster type is further identified as a core area and boundary area, which can provide more abundant cloud structure information. The algorithm is verified using the volume scan data observed with new-generation S-band weather radars in Nanjing, Xuzhou, and Qingdao. The results show that cloud clusters can be intuitively identified as core and boundary points, which change in area continuously during the process of convective evolution, by the improved DBSCAN algorithm. Therefore, the occurrence and disappearance of convective weather can be estimated in advance by observing the changes of the classification. Because density thresholds are different and multiple elevations are utilized in the 3D model, the identified echo types and areas are dissimilar between the 2D and 3D models. The 3D model identifies larger convective and stratiform clouds than the 2D model. However, the developing convective clouds of small areas at lower heights cannot be identified with the 3D model because they are covered by thick stratiform clouds. In addition, the 3D model can avoid the influence of the melting layer and better suggest convective clouds in the developmental stage.     

新的构造控矿类型——螺旋构造控矿

概括天宝山新兴角砾岩筒铅锌矿,山东七宝火山岩型金矿,安徽铜陵凤凰山铜矿,辽宁簸箕山磷矿,辽宁清源红透山铜(锌)矿等构造控矿实例的解读,表明它们可建立一种新的构造控矿类型——螺旋构造控矿。受幔团螺旋运动上冲的地幔热柱多级浸演化的幔枝构造制约。     

鄱阳湖自然保护区湿地植被群落与水文情势关系

以鄱阳湖自然保护区为研究对象,通过构建植被群落-水文参数直方图和计算敏感性指数,分析植被群落对水文条件变化的耐受性和敏感性,研究湿地植被群落与水文情势的关系。结果表明,在鄱阳湖自然保护区内,不同的植被群落对水文情势变化的耐受性和敏感性不同,苔草群落、假俭草群落对水文条件变化敏感性较低;苔草-廖子草群落、苔草-虉草群落和虉草-苔草群落对水文条件变化的敏感性较高,喜欢相对湿润的环境;南荻群落所能承受的水文条件变化范围较窄,喜欢相对干旱的环境。     

考虑水阻力的涉水滑坡运动速度计算模型研究

对于高速运动的涉水滑坡,水阻力是影响其运动速度大小的重要因素。论文设计了包括运动装置、传感装置、速度控制装置和传动装置的块体水下运动阻力的实验系统,分别进行了6块面积不同的块体分别以5种不同速度在水下运动实验,水下运动速度选取5个水平值,分别为0.5ms-1、0.8ms-1、1.0ms-1、1.5ms-1、1.8ms-1; 通过实验分析了压强水头增量与运动速度之间的相关关系,导出了水下运动块体迎水面的压强水头计算模型和迎水面阻力计算模型; 以曲线滑动型涉水滑坡为模型,分析了涉水滑坡水上部分和涉水部分受力模式; 基于滑坡动力学和运动学方程,结合条分方法,提出了曲线滑动型涉水滑坡运动速度的计算模型; 以2007年6月15日发生的清江北岸的大堰塘滑坡为例,分考虑迎水面水阻力和不考虑迎水面水阻力2种情况,分别计算了滑坡的运动速度,定量分析了水阻力对滑坡速度的影响。     

柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源调查评价进展

柴达木盆地是我国大型含油气盆地之一,已经发现的油气主要来自中新生界地层。作者通过近年来对柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源的调查研究,证实柴达木盆地内石炭系地层分布广泛,厚度大。石炭系分布范围达10万km2。厚度大于1000m的范围达5.71万km2。盆地石炭系发育良好的烃源岩,石炭系地层普遍发育厚层油砂,显示石炭系具有很好生烃能力和油气运移过程。石炭系构造变形主要发生在新近纪末,之前的构造变形较弱,有利于石炭系油气保存。初步评价柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源量为6.14×108～7.23×108t。显示柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源潜力很大,是油气资源战略突破的新领域。