大气CO2标准气浓度标定及采样瓶CO2浓度分析系统

对美国NOAA／CMDL开发的用于我国大气本底监测的非色散红外CO2瓶分析和标准气标定系统做了测试与讨论,并对在青海瓦里关、浙江临安、黑龙江龙凤山和北京上甸子所采集到的实验性空气样品中的CO2浓度进行了测量,与瓦里关在线连续测量结果进行了对比,结果均表明该系统具有较高的灵敏度、精确度和较好的稳定性,具备了从进样到数据处理等较为完整的自动化功能,具有简便易行、准确可靠等特点,可用于大气CO2标准气体的标定及采样瓶分析。测量和对比结果也表明,样瓶采样和分析系统可在一定程度上替代现场连续测量系统,在不同的地点进行采样并进行集中分析也是一种较为经济、实用的方法。     

Evaluating the long-term ecohydrological suitability of restoration efforts in a typical watershed of the Loess Plateau

The vegetation growth of the Loess Plateau is often restricted by water, which seriously threatens the water sustainability of regional ecosystem. In order to clarify the relationship between supply and demand of vegetation water use after Grain for Green Project, this study selected Malian River Basin as the research area and calculated the vegetation water use and water demand using the eco-hydrological model. The results showed that the annual water demand of the basin was 570 mm, while the average annual water supply was only 294 mm, accounting only for 52.0% of the demand. From 2000 to 2018, the temporal and spatial matching degree of water supply and demand in the Malian River Basin were 0.63 and 0.65, respectively. On the whole, the water resources in Malian River Basin can basically support the growth of vegetation, but in some areas are not sustainable. Water resources in the southern region can only barely maintain the normal growth of vegetation under the current conditions, so it is not recommended to carry out new plantation in this area. The evaluation of matching degree in the northern from January to April is poor, so it is necessary to appropriately reduce the planting area of economic crops and replace it with planting herbaceous plants with small water consumption in Spring. Compared with the current conditions, under the future climate scenarios of ssp126 and ssp585, the Malian River Basin will show a trend of warming and humidification. The temporal matching degree of water supply and demand also significantly improved to 0.83 and 0.92, indicating that even if the planting structure did not change significantly, water supply would gradually meet the needs of vegetation. The study results can provide the basis for formulating more scientific and reasonable vegetation restoration policies.     

Assessing the spatial and temporal variation of the rainwater harvesting potential (1971–2010) on the Chinese Loess Plateau using the VIC model

Rainwater harvesting could increase the resilience of ecosystems on the Loess Plateau and thus ensure the sustainability of livelihoods that depend on them. As such, it is a key component of strategies for adapting to global climate change. In this study, we used a new method to quantify the rainwater harvesting potential (RWHP) across the whole Loess Plateau and to characterize its spatial and temporal variation over the last four decades on the basis of the variable infiltration capacity model. It was found that that the mean RWHP of the study region was 731.10 × 10⁸ m³, and the average water layer thickness was 114.34 mm. There is considerable scope for rainwater harvesting across the Loess Plateau as a whole, to the extent that it could potentially provide enough water to implement the ‘Grain for Green’ Project. The annual average RWHP decreased slightly from 1971 to 2010, and Hurst exponent analysis indicated that this trend will exhibit long‐term persistence. The annual RWHP was highest in the southeast of the Loess Plateau and lowest in the northwest. Areas with high RWHP values tended to be clustered around the middle reach of the Yellow River. For most areas, there was no significant change between 1971 and 2010. Those areas for which there was a significant decrease in RWHP were primarily located around the upper–middle reaches of the Weihe River, the upper reach of Jinghe River, the eastern Guanzhong Plain, the Qinhe River watershed and the area around Dongsheng. Quantitative assessments of RWHP are likely to be useful for guiding the development and use of innovative rainwater harvesting technologies around the world and could help to relieve the problems caused by water shortages on the Loess Plateau while simultaneously eliminate the major cause of soil erosion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

库车盆地古近纪和新近纪构造环境与蒸发岩沉积

库车盆地分布有沉积广厚、层数众多的古近纪和新近纪石盐岩,是我国最有找钾希望的内陆成盐盆地之一。盆地自形成以来一直处于稳定的沉降状态,在古近纪和新近纪成盐期,盆地经历了强-弱-强3个构造演化阶段,其沉降中心由北而南逐渐迁移,沉积中心由北西逐渐向东、南东方向迁移,盆地内的构造分异渐趋明显,形成了一系列次级凹陷。古近纪和新近纪成盐卤水的迁移和聚集、成盐作用的强弱以及整个含盐系的沉积发育明显受到上述构造活动的控制:含盐系的厚度随时间由北西向东、向南逐渐增厚,且厚度分布逐渐趋于复杂化;石盐岩的沉积规模和范围也逐渐向东扩大;古近纪早期和新近纪强烈的构造活动对于成盐作用而言是一种干扰因素,而古近纪中、晚期相对较弱、导致盆地缓慢持续沉降的构造活动对成盐,尤其对成钾作用则极为有利。从盆地的构造分异结果及其控制的含盐系和其中石盐岩的发育特征来看,古近纪和新近纪库车盆地已具备钾盐蒸发岩形成的构造条件。     

深度学习方法在干旱预测中的应用

使用标准化降水蒸散指数作为农业干旱的监测指标,以站点气象要素和大尺度环流要素为驱动变量,建立干旱预测模型,分析评价传统的整合移动平均自回归(ARIMA)时间序列模型以及不同深度神经网络模型(DNN)的预测效果.结果 表明:DNN模型的总体预测能力优于ARIMA模型;同基于长短期记忆网络(LSTM)提出的传统LSTM预测...     

区域化探室内工作方法的探讨

利用计算机技术对区域化探室内工作方法进行改进,可以减轻劳动强度,省去大量的手工操作环节和工作量,提高工作效率和质量,使区域化探工作上一个新台阶。     

测井数据小波变换在层序地层分析中的应用研究

以柴达木盆地北缘某钻井中侏罗统的层序地层划分为例,对各种一维连续小波在地层划分中的效果进行尝试,发现采用db5小波用于层序划分较为理想。通过利用db5小波对自然伽马测井数据进行连续小波变换,将测井信号与深度的关系转换为与深度及尺度域的变化关系,以此识别出了层序界面。利用该小波变换进行的层序地层划分,与传统方法划分的结果基本一致。     

北祁连山西段北大河岩群碎屑锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年代学研究

白云母石英片岩中碎屑锆石的成因矿物学研究及SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年龄测定表明,北大河岩群变质沉积岩的蚀源区存在1400～3035Ma构造热事件,除了年龄为约2457Ma的变质事件外,主要表现为岩浆事件,其中以1800Ma左右的岩浆事件最为强烈,1400～1700Ma事件次之,中-新太古代的岩浆事件也比较明显;北大河岩群可能遭受过863Ma左右的变质作用影响,其沉积岩的沉积作用发生于1400Ma(最小的碎屑锆石年龄)至863Ma(变质年龄)之间,而不是前人所认为的古元古代;根据46%的碎屑锆石为1800Ma左右这一事实,最起码可以肯定北大河岩群的沉积年龄新于1800Ma;北大河岩群的蚀源区存在中-新太古代的古老陆壳。同时,北大河岩群碎屑锆石年龄资料也为朱龙关群蛇绿岩的形成时代提供了有力的制约:朱龙关群蛇绿岩很可能形成于早古生代,而非中元古代早期。     

西宁地区次生盐渍土的分布特征及地基处理方法

西宁地区次生盐渍土主要分布于山麓斜坡带高阶地和河谷高漫滩,前者属中～弱硫酸、亚硫酸盐渍土,且多具中等～强烈湿陷性,盐份主要来自斜坡后缘含盐碎屑岩风化物及易溶盐;后者为中等亚氯、亚硫酸盐渍土,溶于土中的盐份系浅层咸地下水常年毛细上升蒸发所致。其次生盐渍土的松胀性、溶陷性、腐蚀性较强,工程建设要引起重视。     

东昆仑中段白日其利岩体岩浆混合作用的初步研究

通过对岩体地质特征、暗色包体及Nd、Sr同位素资料研究表明:东昆仑中段中三叠世白日其利岩体是由壳幔岩浆不均一或不彻底多次混合作用形成的,岩体内部呈现出酸性、基性岩浆因混合程度和混合比例不同而形成复杂的岩体结构样式,其基性端元为混合不彻底而残留的辉长质岩石,酸性端元是受轻度混染的二长花岗岩,岩浆混合作用方式以就地混合为主,岩体形成于碰撞造山期后的构造环境。