西南印度洋中脊玄武岩地球化学特征及其对岩浆过程的指示意义

对采自西南印度洋中脊(SWIR)50°E附近5个站位的玄武岩样品进行了岩石学和元素地球化学研究。样品主量元素、TAS分类图解和AFM图解显示,SWIR研究区样品类型主要为低钾拉斑玄武岩。相对原始地幔SWIR区玄武岩具有Ba、Nb、Sr负异常,K表现为正异常。稀土元素分配模式均为左倾型,具有轻微的Eu、Ce正异常;SWIR区玄武岩都起源于上地幔,SWIR玄武岩则明显向EMⅡ端元偏移。SWIR玄武岩地幔源区相对最为富集,可能为DM和EMⅡ的混合源区,存在少量的陆壳成分。研究区玄武质岩浆起源深度为尖晶石橄榄岩区域处于中度还原环境下,经历了明显的橄榄石+单斜辉石+斜长石的分离结晶。     

无人机倾斜摄影技术在地震烈度评估中的应用——以九寨沟7.0级地震为例

以九寨沟7.0级地震为例,通过阐述无人机倾斜摄影技术的相关原理,说明该技术在地震烈度评估中的应用价值。结果表明,使用无人机倾斜摄影技术不仅能够直观地、全方位地展示震害信息,同时,还能对裂缝、滑坡等几何信息进行量测,为烈度评估等提供更加精确的信息。     

基于生物–环境–服务功能模型的三江源高寒草甸湿地不同恢复措施效果评价

研究以青海省三江源区退化草甸湿地为研究区,对湿地环境和功能进行评估,构建了基于生物（Biology）-环境（Environment）-服务功能（Service）的BES模型（涉及3个生物指标,4个环境指标,8种生态系统服务功能指标）评估3种湿地恢复技术（I-补播草种+生长期封育;II-围栏封育和III-防鼠样地）对湿地恢复的效果。基于2017年和2018年的监测数据,计算湿地综合健康指数（Comprehensive healthy index,CHI）和净变动指数（Net variation index,NVI）,分析不同恢复措施下湿地健康的恢复过程及其恢复程度。结果表明：① 3种修复技术在湿地恢复中均取得较好的效果。湿地的综合健康指数从2016年未实施任何措施时的0.499分别上升至0.712、0.716和0.650,湿地健康水平由警戒状态恢复至良好状态;② 评价期内恢复技术I和II对湿地恢复效果均好于恢复技术III,但未发现恢复技术I和II之间存在显著差别;③ 高寒湿地生物指标与供给指标恢复速度较快、恢复程度较好,而土壤支持等指标恢复速度较慢、幅度较小。补播草种有助于短时、高效地恢复湿地植被,而实现土壤和功能的全面恢复还需要结合封育等更多的措施和更长的周期。     

基于ECMWF再分析地表资料计算中国区域ZTD的精度分析

利用ECMWF再分析地表资料,结合GPT2w模型提供的水汽递减率和温度递减率计算中国区域对流层延迟值的精度。首先,以中国地区75个探空站2015年地表实测气象参数为参考值,利用ECMWF地表资料得到的气象参数（P,T,e）的精度分别为1.76 hPa、1.96 K、1.98 hPa。然后,以相同测站2010~2015年探空站分层数据算得的ZTD为参考值,对ECMWF地表资料计算的ZTD的精度进行分析,并与利用探空仪地面观测数据为输入参数计算的ZTD的精度进行对比。结果显示,利用ECMWF地表资料计算的ZTD的平均bias为0.07 cm,平均RMS为3.72 cm,在低纬度地区优于利用探空仪地面观测数据为输入参数计算的ZTD的结果。以陆态网237个GNSS测站2015年的ZTD作为参考值,比对利用ECMWF地表资料计算的ZTD的精度,结果为3.41 cm。由此可知,ECMWF地面资料计算的ZTD的精度能满足普通用户对流层延迟的计算需求,可用于缺少气象参数的测站进行对流层延迟值的计算及其他相关应用。     

应急场景快速制图及地图信息传输

当前,应急响应范式已经由“预测-应对”转变为“情景-应对”,应急地图作为应急测绘地理信息保障服务的重要内容,其制图方式也应该有所改变。本文介绍了突发事件情景及地理场景的定义,指出地理场景是各情景要素存在或发生的物理空间,同时也是应急地图表达的对象;论述了应急场景快速制图的基本原理及该制图模式具有的4个主要特点;将传统的地图信息传输理论与新应急响应范式相结合,提出了应急场景快速制图模式下的地图信息传输模型,详细论述了模型中空间信息的传输过程,并分析了该过程中影响信息传输效率的地图发送端和接收端的空间认知。     

Promotive Effects ofAlginate-Derived Oligosaccharides on the Inducing Drought Resistance of Tomato

In order to determine the role of alginate-derived oligosaccharides （ADO） in drought stress resistance of tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Miller） seedlings, the leaves were exposed to different concentrations of ADO （0.05%, 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.30% and 0.50%） after drought stress was simulated by exposing the roots to 0.6molL^-1 PEG-6000 solution for 6h. Changes in biomass, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde （MDA）, free proline, total soluble sugars （TSS） and abscisic acid （ABA）, the enzyme activities of catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL） were measured to investigate the effects of ADO treatment. The results showed that the treatment with an ADO concentration of 0.20% exhibited the highest performance of drought stress resistance in the tomato seedlings by decreasing the electrolyte leakage and the concentration of MDA, increasing the contents of free proline, TSS and ABA, and increasing the activities of CAT, SOD, POD and PAL after treatment with ADO. It is suggested that changes in electrolyte leakage, MDA, osmotic solutes, ABA, anti-oxidative enzyme and PAL activities were responsible for the increased drought stress resistance in tomato seedlings. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of the effect of ADO treatment on enhancing the drought stress resistance of tomato seedlings.     

Changing landscape in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Yangtze River from 1977 to 2005: Land use/land cover,vegetation cover changes estimated using multi-source satellite data

The eco-environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) in China has received much attention due to the construction of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station. Land use/land cover changes (LUCC) are a major cause of ecological environmental changes. In this paper, the spatial landscape dynamics from 1978 to 2005 in this area are monitored and recent changes are analyzed, using the Landsat TM (MSS) images of 1978, 1988, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Vegetation cover fractions for a vegetation cover analysis are retrieved from MODIS/Terra imagery from 2000 to 2006, being the period before and after the rising water level of the reservoir. Several analytical indices have been used to analyze spatial and temporal changes. Results indicate that cropland, woodland, and grassland areas reduced continuously over the past 30 years, while river and built-up area increased by 2.79% and 4.45% from 2000 to 2005, respectively. The built-up area increased at the cost of decreased cropland, woodland and grassland. The vegetation cover fraction increased slightly. We conclude that significant changes in land use/land cover have occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The main cause is a continuous economic and urban/rural development, followed by environmental management policies after construction of the Three Gorges Dam.     

宜兴市国土空间开发的城镇建设对比及适宜性评价

本文按照自然资源部对国土空间规划"一张图"的建设及现状评估的要求,对宜兴市的城镇建设适宜性进行评价.基于2017年和2018年的基础性地理国情普查监测数据,对宜兴市公共服务设施、医疗服务设施和义务教育资源进行提取、分析和统计,对比两年的变化趋势,得出宜兴市义务教育资源配置较合理,公共服务设施资源和医疗资源的建设有待进一...