Preliminary study on different nutrient pools supplies for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay in China in the fall of 2004

The source and significance of two nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorous, were investigated by a modified dilution method performed on seawater samples from the Jiaozhou Bay, in autumn 2004. This modified dilution method accounted for the phytoplankton growth rate, microzooplankton grazing mortality rate, the internal and external nutrient pools, as well as nutrient supplied through remineralization by microzooplankton. The results indicated that the phytoplankton net growth rate increased in turn from inside the bay, to outside the bay, to in the Xiaogang Harbor. The phytoplankton maximum growth rates and microzooplankton grazing mortality rates were 1.14 and 0.92 d-1 outside the bay, 0.42 and 0.32 d-1 inside the bay and 0.98 and 0.62 d-1 in the harbor respectively. Outside the bay, the remineralized nitrogen (Kr=24.49) had heavy influence on the growth of the phytoplankton. Inside the bay, the remineralized phosphorus(Kr=3.49) strongly affected the phytoplankton growth. In the harbor, the remineralized phosphorus (Kr=3.73) was in larger demand by phytoplankton growth. The results demonstrated that the different nutrients pools supplied for phytoplankton growth were greatly in accordance with the phytoplankton community structure, microzooplankton grazing mortality rates and environmental conditions. It is revealed that nutrient remineralization is much more important for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay than previously believed.     

顺序提取法探讨沉积物中主量元素在不同相态的分配特征

在Tessier以及欧共体标准局BCR等前人顺序提取方法的基础上，采用一套改进的顺序提取法对海洋沉积物以及一些水系沉积物标准物质的主量元素进行逐步提取。利用ICP—AES、ICP—MS方法分析了各提取液中Ti、A1、Na、Mg、K、Ca、P、Fe、Mn的含量以及它们在不同相态的分配特征，同时，进一步探讨了酸去除沉积物中非陆源组分的效果，结果显示，最后经盐酸淋滤后的样品，沉积物中的生物、自生组分已经被溶解，而残留下来的剩余物质基本上可代表海洋沉积物的陆源碎屑组分。     

杂交鲆(牙鲆♀×夏鲆♂)胚胎发育的初步观察

通过人工调控促使亲本牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)♀×夏鲆(Paralichthys dentatus)♂的性腺发育,人工干法授精获得杂交受精卵。杂交受精卵在温度为16.5~17.5℃,光照为100~400 lx,微充气条件下孵化。对杂交鲆胚胎发育全过程进行连续观察并与牙鲆及夏鲆的胚胎发育进行比较。结果表明:杂交鲆卵裂方式与其他大部分硬骨鱼类一样,属于盘状卵裂。受精后经过2 h 30 min进入2细胞期,7 h 45 min进入囊胚期,15 h 10 min进入原肠胚阶段,25 h 30 min进入神经胚期,49 h左右进入尾芽期。授精后63 h左右发现初孵仔鱼,68h左右50%的仔鱼孵出。在杂交鲆的胚胎发育中,主要有2个发育特征与母本类似而与父本不同:视囊的出现要早于体节的分化;孵化前,仔鱼在卵膜内环绕卵黄囊不到1周。但是在其孵化时间上却与父本相似。     

褐牙鲆(♀)、夏鲆(♂)及其杂交子一代线粒体16S rDNA序列遗传特性的初步研究

以线粒体16S rRNA基因部分片段为代表研究雌褐牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus、雄夏鲆P. dentatus及其杂交子一代间线粒体DNA的遗传特性。母本与父本序列差异较大,属种间差异,在590个位点中有28个变异位点,而且全部为简约信息位点。使用同一对引物扩增亲本与杂交子代,在杂交子代中未检测到父本的线粒体DNA类型,11个处于两种生长阶段的杂交样本仅检测到一种单倍型,而且与母本的一个单倍型为同一种,表明褐牙鲆与夏鲆杂交线粒体DNA遵循母系遗传规律。     

Measurements of suspended particulate matter with laser in-situ scattering and transmissometry in the Jiaozhou Bay in China

1 IntroductionKnowledge of suspended particle size and distri-bution is the key elements for better understandingthe sediment transport processes ( Wang et al.,2004), primary production (Ning et al., 2004),water quality controlling and pollution predictio…     

Long baroclinic Rossby waves with periods of about 500d near 20°N in the northwest Pacific Ocean

On the basis of maps of sea level anomalies data set from October 1992 to January 2004, pronounced low frequency variations with periods of about 500 d are detected in the area near 20°N from 160°W to 130°E. A linear two-layer model is employed to explain the mechanism. It is found that the first-mode long baroclinic Rossby waves at 20°N in the northwest Pacific propagate westward in the form of free waves at a speed of about 10.3 cm/s. This confirms that the observed low frequency variabilities appear as baroclinic Rossby waves. It further shows that these low frequency variabilities around 20°N in the northwest Pacific can potentially be predicted with a lead up to 900 d.     

Seasonality and interannual variability of freshwater inflow to a large oligohaline estuary in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Quantity, timing, duration, and fluctuation of freshwater inflow are important factors affecting the development and health of aquatic and adjacent wetland ecosystems in coastal estuaries. This study assessed six decades of freshwater inflow from the Amite River, Tickfaw River, and Tangipahoa River watersheds to Lake Pontchartrain, a large oligohaline estuary in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, whose flood waters caused recent damage to the city of New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. By utilizing the long-term (1940–2002) river discharge and climatic data from the three major tributary watersheds, monthly and annual freshwater inflows have been quantified and their spatial and temporal variations have been analyzed. On average, the three rivers discharged (±standard error) 0.27 ± 0.04 km³ freshwater monthly and 3.29 ± 0.15 km³ freshwater annually into the lake estuarine system, with the highest inflow from the Amite River (0.16 ± 0.03 m³ mon⁻¹, and 1.91 ± 0.09 km³ yr⁻¹) and the lowest inflow from the Tickfaw River (0.03 ± 0.00 km³ mon⁻¹, and 0.34 ± 0.02 km³ yr⁻¹). A distinct seasonality was evident with over 69% of the total annual inflow occurring during December and May (wet months) and with a low flow period from August to November (dry months). The monthly inflow during the wet months was positively correlated with the monthly precipitation (r² = 0.64), while the monthly inflow during the dry months was subject to evapotranspiration. Furthermore, the study found a 20-year low flow period from 1954–1973 (2.76 ± 0.24 km³ yr⁻¹) and a 24-year high flow period from 1975–1998 (3.84 ± 0.24 km³ yr⁻¹), coinciding with both the climate variation and population growth in the watersheds.     

胶州湾夏季异养浮游细菌的时空变化规律及影响因素

2001年夏季对胶州湾异养浮游细菌在一个潮周期内的变化规律及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,胶州湾异养浮游细菌数量的垂直分布特征是表层大于底层,表层平均8.99×109个/L,底层平均5.23×109个/L。胶州湾水体异养浮游细菌日变化幅度在表层水体较为明显,底层相对较小,但其变化规律均为最高值在小潮期而最低值出现在大潮期。浮游动物摄食、浮游植物光合作用产生的溶解有机物及水温和日光中的紫外辐射是影响胶州湾异养浮游细菌昼夜变化的主要因素,水交换是影响其日变化的主要因素。     

北极海冰减少的气候效应研究

本文采用了OSU两层大气环流模式对特定的北极海冰进行数值模拟,研究北极海冰减少的气候效应.试验中海温一律取为气候平均值,北极海冰作为外强迫源影响大气,大气响应完全是环流内部调整的结果.本文对北极海冰减少后的大气环流特征进行了分析,特别是与中国的气温和降水之间的关系.     

日照近海金乌贼生物学的初步研究

为给金乌贼渔业的可持续发展提供依据,通过形态学观察及生物学测定,初步研究了山东日照岚山头近海金乌贼Sepia esculentaHoyle,1885的外部形态特征和生物学特性(胴长与体重组成、生长参数相关关系等),并结合相关资料,对其生活史进行了讨论。研究结果表明:金乌贼胴长(ML)与体重(TW)之间的关系为:TW幼体=6.0×10-4ML2.762 6,TW♀=6.0×10-4ML2.767 1,TW♂=12.0×10-4ML2.585 6;金乌贼为异速生长型,其生长迅速、个体生长差异较大;5~6月为金乌贼繁殖季节,成体交配产卵后死亡,属1年生头足类。