孔隙介质中弹性性质及波速模拟研究评述

本文简短地介绍了近年来提出的一种模拟孔隙岩石弹性性质的方法：网络模型方法。它的计算结果与实验结果很接近。     

A new approach for detecting and mapping sewage impacts

Increased nitrogen loading has been implicated in eutrophication occurrences worldwide. Much of this loading is attributable to the growing human population along the world's coastlines. A significant component of this nitrogen input is from sewage effluent, and delineation of the distribution and biological impact of sewage-derived nitrogen is becoming increasingly important. Here, we show a technique that identifies the source, extent and fate of biologically available sewage nitrogen in coastal marine ecosystems. This method is based on the uptake of sewage nitrogen by marine plants and subsequent analysis of the sewage signature (elevated delta 15N) in plant tissues. Spatial analysis is used to create maps of delta 15N and establish coefficient of variation estimates of the mapped values. We show elevated delta 15N levels in marine plants near sewage outfalls in Moreton Bay, Australia, a semi-enclosed bay receiving multiple sewage inputs. These maps of sewage nitrogen distribution are being used to direct nutrient reduction strategies in the region and will assist in monitoring the effectiveness of environmental protection measures.     

梅雨锋暴雨的不平衡场

中尺度散度及其变化和梅雨锋暴雨有较好的对应关系。在散度方程中，散度的局地变化项与垂直速度（ω）、散度（D）有关的项的量级在强降水区比在弱降水区要大。用中尺度资料计算的不平衡场（U）和不均匀场（A）和强降水区基本一致。因此，计算不平衡场和不均匀场及散度变化可以为暴雨等中尺度天气现象的短时预报提供线索。     

人工触发闪电与降雨倾泻

根据人工触发阀电后雨量猛增的观测事实，利用一个简单的静电模式计算了闪道附近雨滴的重力碰并增长，结果指出，闪电后降雨猛增必须满足一定的条件，除了要求较高的离子浓度（〉１０＾１４／ｍ＾３）外，还取决于闪电所引起的电场变化和闪电被触发后闪道附近环境电场强度的特性。     

斜坡再调整：海底扇—裙形成的一个新模式

在提出海底峡谷和海底扇－裙形成的新模式中，可利用盆地充填的数值模拟表示斜坡均衡作用的简单概念。该模式认为，侵蚀削蚀、沉积物跌积（ｂｙ－ｐａｓｓ）和海底扇－裙复合体海相超覆的形成与沉积盆地内自然地理的变化状况相关。盆地边缘可划分为两种类型：（１）进积边缘表示均衡的沉积剖面朝向盆地推进。它形成于沉积物扩散作用和重力流作用与沉积物供给、盆地沉降及盆地自然地理相均衡的背景；（２）当上部坡度超过均衡坡度时形     

大力推广气动潜孔锤及气举反循环组合钻进技术

针对我国目前水井和煤层气钻井技术特点,就如何大力推广应用气动潜孔锤与气举反循环组合钻进技术进行了探讨,结合生产实际阐述了推广此种组合钻进技术的优越性。     

东亚夏季风强弱年大气环流和热源异常对比分析

根据黄刚等定义的东亚夏季风指数, 对强、弱东亚夏季风年大气环流、大气热源和外强迫源SST的差异进行分析, 结果表明:强 (弱) 东亚夏季风年前期冬季到夏季, 太平洋SSTA为La Ni?a (El Ni?o) 型分布, 西太平洋暖池SST暖 (冷), 使得暖池附近对流活动较强 (较弱)。与此同时, 南亚大陆从印度半岛、青藏高原南部、中南半岛至华南大气异常加热 (变冷), 并且海陆热力对比加强 (减弱), 有利于出现强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风。此外, 由于暖池附近对流活动强 (弱), 该地区上升气流较强 (弱), Walker环流增强 (减弱), 当强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风向北推进时, 副热带西风急流北撤位置偏北 (南), 副热带高压位置也偏北 (南), 7月至8月华北 (江淮流域) 位于副热带西风急流南侧, 降水偏多, 江淮流域 (华北) 降水偏少。并给出与东亚夏季风年际变异有关的大气环流和SST异常的物理图像。     

Blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula in coastal Queensland, Australia: disparate sites, common factors

During the last decade there has been a significant rise in observations of blooms of the toxic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula along the east coast of Queensland, Australia. Whether the increase in cyanobacterial abundance is a biological indicator of widespread water quality degradation or also a function of other environmental change is unknown. A bioassay approach was used to assesses the potential for runoff from various land uses to stimulate productivity of L. majuscula. In Moreton Bay, L. majuscula productivity was significantly (p<0.05) stimulated by soil extracts, which were high in phosphorus, iron and organic carbon. Productivity of L. majuscula from the Great Barrier Reef was also significantly (p<0.05) elevated by iron and phosphorus rich extracts, in this case seabird guano adjacent to the bloom site. Hence, it is possible that other L. majuscula blooms are a result of similar stimulating factors (iron, phosphorus and organic carbon), delivered through different mechanisms.