点状要素与线状、面状要素的关系处理

要素关系的处理是地形图综合中必须考虑的因素,本文讨论了基于矢量数据的点状要素与线状要素,点状要素与面状要素的关系处理。研究关系的分类、关系的判别和综合中关系的保持和应用。     

A STUDY ON THE CARTOGRAPHIC FUZZY MATRIX MODEL AND MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS OF CARTOGRAPHIC TERMS

On the basis of the research of the cartographic modelsmade by the authors some years ago,this paper further studies theestablishment of cartographic fuzzy matrix to make the concepts incartography e.g.,selection,deletion,mapping generalization andimage tranformation,into some precise mathematical expressions.     

珠江三角洲网河区低水位时空变化规律

珠江三角洲近30年的大规模无序采挖沙改变了网河区水多沙少、河势稳定的演变趋势,促使河床由缓慢淤积转变为大幅下切,低水位出现明显下降。这种人为作用已涵盖并远超同期河流自然演变的程度,对取水供水、生态保护、航运保障等产生了较大影响。在总结河口三角洲地区水位变化研究的基础上,以珠江三角洲网河区为例,按低水位变化划分为常年潮流段、季节性潮流段和常年径流段。其中,常年潮流段基本不受采砂影响;季节性潮流段依据径流、潮流比例,越靠近枯水潮流界,低水位变化越大;常年径流段还存在溯源冲刷引起的低水位下降。结合水沙变异过程,试图探讨水动力对河床急剧演变的响应机制,以期为通航低水位设计提供依据。     

白垩纪四足动物足印的生物地层学、生物年代学与遗迹相

从全球范围来看,白垩纪四足动物的足印多数是非鸟恐龙与鸟类留下的痕迹;少量足印来自翼龙、鳄鱼、龟、哺乳动物和其他四足动物。白垩纪的足迹化石以东亚(尤其是中国和朝鲜)和北美西部的最为人所知。南美(主要是阿根廷和巴西)也有一定数量广泛分布的足迹化石,欧洲、非洲与澳大利亚的白垩纪足迹组合则鲜为人知。以白垩纪四足动物的足印记录为基础,我们对两个全球足印生物年代重新进行了检查。早白垩世生物年代以蜥脚类与鸟脚类的足迹为特征。晚白垩世生物年代中的蜥脚类足迹较少,但是鸭嘴龙、暴龙和角龙的足迹增多了。另外,白垩纪足印化石的记录中记载了许多重要的生物地层学信息,如北美白垩纪中期蜥脚类恐龙的消失,以及白垩纪末恐龙的绝灭。越来越多来自东亚的白垩纪足印记录使我们对更精细的地方性白垩纪足印生物年代学有了初步印象。因此,以地方性四足恐龙(包括鸟类)遗迹属的地层分布为基础,可以识别出三个或四个足印生物年代。种类丰富并具有地方性特色的东亚的白垩纪鸟类动物的遗迹群,可能指示白垩纪时东亚存在着一个独特而繁盛的鸟类动物群。以足印化石为基础的这一假说有待进一步的验证。     

The morphodynamic responses to deposition-promoting projects in island and reef coasts of the Zhoushan Archipelago,China

China's island and reef coasts are mainly distributed along the coasts of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. These areas have favorable deep-water conditions and great development potential. The Zhoushan Archipelago is a typical island and reef coast. In the midst of the islands, there are many tidal channels with high water depth and high current velocity. Daishan Island is located on the northern part of the Zhoushan Archipelago. The sea north of Daishan Island can be characterized as having great water depth (generally between 10 and 20 m), high current velocity (the maximum measured value is about 2 m/s), and hyperconcentrated suspended sediment (annual average concentration under normal weather conditions is about 0.6 kg/m3). Sediment transport is influenced by the co-action of waves and currents. Land reclamation can ease the contradiction between the desire for development and the land resource shortage on island and reef coasts. Land reclamation generally starts from deposition-promoting projects on island and reef coasts with hyperconcentration of suspended sediment with the aim of reducing the reclamation cost. Based on the morphodynamic characteristics of the sea area near north of Daishan Island, a two-dimensional mathematical model was developed to analyze the co-action of current and waves and the model was verified for spring as well as neap tides in 2007 and 2012. The simulated values of tidal stages, tidal current velocities, tidal current directions, and suspended sediment concentration at 15 stations in 2007 and 9 stations in 2012 were in good agreement with the in-situ measured values. Furthermore, the simulated magnitude and pattern of erosion and sedimentation agreed well with the observations. This model was used to evaluate the effects of a proposed siltation scheme on the hydrodynamic environment and morphological change of the study area. The results of this study can inform the protection, development, and utilization of shoal-channels on island and reef coasts, as well provide a scientific basis for comprehensive maritime protection and development.     

黄鳍鲷不同组织同工酶的研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺垂直梯度凝胶电泳法对黄鳍鲷的7种组织(心肌、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉、性腺、脾脏、脑)进行了4种同工酶(EST,LDH,MDH,ME)的初步研究,并对几种酶的同工酶位点及酶谱表型进行了分析。结果表明：黄鳍鲷的4种同工酶系统具有明显的组织特异性。同时还分析了聚丙烯酰胺垂直梯度凝胶电泳法对同工酶电泳的分离效果,认为该种方法对同工酶系统的分辨率高,分离效果好,可得到更精确的结果。