STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ACTIVITY OF MIYALUO FAULT AND WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE

Under the background of thrusting stress regime, a large number of strike-slip earthquakes occurred on the Miyaluo Fault during the Wenchuan earthquake sequence process, which is in the southern part of the Longmenshan Fault. In order to find the cause of their occurrence, stress tensors in subregions near the Miyaluo Fault are estimated. The result shows that in both north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault, the direction of principal compressive stress is nearly perpendicular to the Longmenshan Fault, and its dip is nearly horizontal, and the direction of tensile stress is nearly vertical. While in the Miyaluo fault zone, the direction of principal compressive stress is SWW-NEE, and its dip is nearly horizontal, the direction of principal tensile stress is NNW-SSE, also its dip is nearly horizontal. It is consistent with sinistral shear stress state in the Miyaluo fault zone. It was referred that the behavior of Miyaluo Fault during the Wenchuan earthquake sequence process was caused by tearing effect generated from unbalanced forces of two sides of the fault. To understand the rupture mode of the aftershocks in subregions as described above, the total seismic moment tensors are estimated by adding the corresponding component separately of the seismic moment tensor of aftershocks in each region. The result shows the similar trend of total seismic moment tensor components in the north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault(indicating the consistency of rupture mode in the north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault), and most seismic moment tensor components in the south side is higher than that in the north side, especially the compression component perpendicular to Longmenshan Fault and expansion component in the vertical direction. It indicates that thrusting component in the southeast direction in the south side is greater than that in the north side, and the thrusting difference causes the sinistral tearing effect of the Miyaluo Fault. We also find that the sinistral tearing component of the Miyaluo Fault is the same order of magnitude with the thrusting difference of its two sides, which indicates that the tearing effect of Miyaluo Fault can be completely explained by thrusting difference of its two sides. According to the analysis, we put forward the dynamic model of the Miyaluo Fault, which can explain the above phenomenon.     

高光谱气体背景场特征及震情跟踪应用前景

基于2004—2017年华北地区高光谱数据,计算CH4、CO、O3总量背景场,发现不同气体在时间尺度上受温度、湿度、高空辐射等影响有较明显的周期性特征,在空间尺度上CH4、CO总量平原高于山区,O3总体呈现随纬度升高而降低的特征;利用RST算法对华北地区5.0级以上地震进行震例总结发现,震前62.5%的地震震中附近出现气体高值异常,异常气体主要为CH4、CO,而O3异常不明显。研究结果表明,RST算法对高光谱气体CH4、CO进行异常提取可作为地震预报的辅助依据,服务于震情跟踪判定。     

基于CMIP5模式鄱阳湖流域未来参考作物蒸散量预估

预测未来气候情境下鄱阳湖流域参考作物蒸散量(Reference crop Evapotranspiration,ET0)的时空分布可为流域水资源的优化管理,为科学应对气候变化对农业生产的影响提供基础数据支撑.利用鄱阳湖流域14个气象站点1961-2014年逐日气象数据,采用Penman-Monteith公式计算出历史ET0;基于同期美国环境中心(NCEP)再分析数据及2006-2100年CMIP5中CNRM-CM5模式在RCP4. 5和RCP8. 5情景下的预测数据,经统计降尺度模型(statistical downscaling model,SDSM)模拟和偏差校正,预测流域未来ET0;通过Mann-Kendall检验、普通克里金插值和空间自相关法分析了流域1961-2100年ET0的时空演变特征.结果表明:NCEP再分析资料与流域ET0建立的逐步回归降尺度模型模拟效果较好,CNRMCM5模式降尺度模拟结果经偏差校正后,精度明显提高,适宜流域未来ET0的预估.鄱阳湖流域在基准期1961-2010年ET0整体上呈减小趋势,空间分布上呈南北高、中间低的特点,表现出明显的空间差异性.RCP4.5、RCP8.5情景下未来3个时期鄱阳湖流域ET0较基准期均呈不同程度的增加趋势,其空间分布整体表现为东高西低、局地略有突出;无论是在基准期或是未来情景下的3个时期,ET0均具有较强的空间自相关性.在RCP8.5情景下,鄱阳湖1961-2100年干旱指数呈现出较为明显的上升趋势,流域的干旱状况随时间加剧,2011-2100年间流域绝大部分地区由湿润区转为半湿润区,干旱指数自南向北递减,赣江流域将是鄱阳湖流域未来干旱风险的重点防范区.     

利用标准时频变换方法在强噪声环境下无偏拾取地震P波、S波到时

地震P波、S波到时是精确分析地震水平位置、深度与速度结构等的重要参数,如何准确拾取P波和S波到时是地震学的一项重要的基础工作.大数据量与强噪声环境给地震到时的自动拾取带来了很大挑战.在频率域中可将信号与噪声分离,但会造成震相的偏移.针对上述问题,本文在STA/LTA、AIC方法的基础上,引入了标准时频变换(Normal...     

颗粒离散单元法动力人工边界设置方法

采用颗粒离散单元法进行动力计算时,人工截断边界上需设置吸收边界条件,以防止波的反射。鉴于颗粒离散单元数值计算模型的人工边界上颗粒单元半径大小不一、边界面凸凹不平,在连续介质的黏性、黏弹性、自由场边界条件方程基础之上,推导出适用于离散介质的等效方程。在离散介质的黏性边界条件等效方程中引入微调系数,提出比值迭代法以快速确定其最优值,以实现对波的最佳吸收。采用二维颗粒离散单元计算软件PFC2D,分别建立黏性、黏弹性、自由场边界条件相关数值分析模型,探讨颗粒分布模式对黏性边界上颗粒单元半径、速度分布及比值迭代过程的影响;采用外源波动算例及经典Lamb问题算例验证黏弹性边界设置方法的正确性;通过隧洞算例检验提出的自由场边界条件设置方法的正确性。     

煤矿酸性矿井水主动式生物修复中铁的行为与归宿

酸性条件下Fe(II)的生物氧化过程可以被有效应用于煤矿酸性矿井水修复中,但是Fe行为与归宿的不确定性增加了应用难度。本研究通过对某煤矿酸性矿井水场地发生的生物地球化学过程进行监测,富集培养场地沉积物嗜酸微生物群落,进行室内恒化生物反应器连续流实验,探究微生物作用下Fe及其他金属离子的行为与归宿。研究表明,Fe的形态转化是场地和反应器中最主要的生物地球化学过程。当pH<2.7时,反应更倾向于产生溶解性Fe(III);当2.7相似文献   

长江口青草沙水库前沿河床演变与失稳风险研究

位于长江口南北港分流口的青草沙水库是上海市最大的城市供水水源地,开展该水库前沿河床稳定性和失稳风险研究具有重要的理论意义和工程指导价值。基于此,利用长江口南北港分流口2000年至2013年期间实测的高精度地形资料,分析青草沙水库前沿河床近期地貌变化特征,为水库库堤安全预警提供相关理论支撑。结果表明:青草沙水库前沿河床冲淤变化在建库前后有明显差异,建库前总体表现为河槽冲刷、沙洲淤积,呈现准冲-淤振荡的性质;建库后变为幅度逐渐减弱的持续冲刷;沿河床河槽形态由U型向U型与V型河槽叠加的复式河槽转变。青草沙水库前沿沙体沿落潮主流方向下移,成形沙体呈先增长、再减少,最后趋于平衡的态势,隐形沙体大体呈减少趋势。青草沙水库库堤前沿近600 m位置是河床失稳的重点风险区域,尤其是水库库堤中上部河床处于不稳定状态,如前沿边坡所在河槽进一步逼近水库前沿,则河床面临进一步冲刷的可能。     

Chinese progress in geomorphometry

Geomorphometry, the science of digital terrain analysis (DTA), is an important focus of research in both geomorphology and geographical information science (GIS). Given that 70% of China is mountainous, geomorphological research is popular among Chinese scholars, and the development of GIS over the last 30 years has led to significant advances in geomorphometric research. In this paper, we review Chinese progress in geomorphometry based on the published literature. There are three major areas of progress: digital terrain modelling methods, DTA methods, and applications of digital terrain models (DTMs). First, traditional vector- and raster-based terrain modelling methods, including the assessment of uncertainty, have received widespread attention. New terrain modelling methods such as unified raster and vector, high-fidelity, and real-time dynamic geographical scene modelling have also attracted research attention and are now a major focus of digital terrain modelling research. Second, in addition to the popular DTA methods based on topographical derivatives, geomorphological features, and hydrological factors extracted from DTMs, DTA methods have been extended to include analyses of the structure of underlying strata, ocean surface features and even socioeconomic spatial structures. Third, DTMs have been applied to fields including global climate change, analysis of various typical regions, lunar surface and other related fields. Clearly, Chinese scholars have made significant progress in geomorphometry. Chinese scholars have had the greatest international impact in areas including high-fidelity digital terrain modelling and DTM-based regional geomorphological analysis, particularly in the Loess Plateau and the Tibetan Plateau regions.     

GNSS用于杭嘉湖平原地面沉降机理的研究

为研究GNSS静态观测监测大面积区域平原沉降机理,在杭嘉湖平原地区建立了由25个基准点和15个监测点组成的基准监测网,并根据2008-2014连续6年的GNSS大地高与精密水准测量数据的对比分析,验证了GNSS静态观测方法的实际精度。结果表明:GNSS大地高变化可以替代精密水准测量获取水准测量点的沉降值,为研究大区域平面沉降监测提供了有力支撑。     

利用Terrasolid进行机载与车载LiDAR点云数据的融合

介绍了一种利用Terrasolid软件进行机载与车载LiDAR点云数据融合的方法,通过分析两种扫描系统采集点云之间的共性与特性,制定了融合取舍原则,得到了覆盖范围全面的LiDAR点云融合成果,为LiDAR点云数据的应用和推广提供了良好的基础。