东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝物源体系

滩坝是东营凹陷沙四上亚段的一个重要沉积体系。根据岩石中岩屑组分的类型及组合特征、砂岩成分成熟度、砂体展布方向及古地理格局等对东营凹陷沙四上亚段进行了物源体系的研究。研究区存在9大物源体系,其中广饶凸起、鲁西隆起、滨县凸起和高青三角洲为滩坝的形成提供了物源。根据物源与滩坝的关系,将研究区划分为基岩-滩坝物源体系、正常三角洲-滩坝物源体系、扇三角洲-滩坝物源体系;由于物源的性质、供给强度的不同,造成滩坝在宏观展布和储层特征上存在明显差异。     

MIXTURE ANALYSIS USING FACTOR ANALYSIS.Ⅱ:SELF-MODELING CURVE RESOLUTION

One of the major applications of factor analysis in the chemical literature,self-modeling curve resolution(SMCR),is covered in this review,including a historical account of the inethods derived from Lawtonand Sylvestre's original method.Papers treating the theory or applications of SMCR are included.Qualitative and quantitative applications are described where appropriate.     

Simulated multi-scale watershed runoff and sediment production based on GeoWEPP model

The runoff and sediment yield data from the Qiaozidonggou, Qiaozixigou, and Lu＇ergou watersheds, in the Loess Plateau of China are used to calibrate and validate the runoff and sediment yield simulated by GeoWEPP model of the WEPP Model at watershed scale. The indices of relative error, R, correlation coefficient, Re, and Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency coefficient Ens are used to evaluate the model fit. The eco-hydrological responses in the Luoyugou and Lu＇ergou watersheds are also forecast based on the WEPP Model. Meanwhile, the relation between vegetation pattern changes and sediment yield in the watershed is discussed, and the responses of runoff and sediment yield in the watersheds concerning forest growth stages are studied. The results show that the relative errors of simulated values of runoff and sediment yield are below 30%, the correlation coefficients axe above 0.90, and the Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency coefficients axe above 0.80. The simulation results present satisfactory performance, thus, the model could be used to simulate the runoff and sediment yield in these small watersheds. It is also observed that soil erosion tended to become severe as precipitation increased in the watershed, while soil erosion has a decreasing trend as forest cover increases and vegetation pattern is optimized. When the watershed is fully covered by forest, erosion and sediment yield are minimized. When the forest cover is about 30% and evenly distributed in the watershed, the erosion intensity is lower than if the forest cover is collectively distributed in the watershed. Erosion varies with different forest growth stages in the watershed; it is more serious at the young and near planting stage and is the smallest at the mature forest stage.     

贵州独山下泥盆统丹林组陆相地层中的U形潜穴

具蹼状构造的垂直 U形潜穴 Diplocraterion广泛产出于全球寒武纪—古近纪的滨浅海相中 ,被认为是 Seilacher(196 4 ,196 7)的 Skolithos遗迹相的主要分子 ,也见于中—新生代的河湖相中 ,被视为高能环境的重要分子。Diplocraterion在古生代陆相地层中的发现仍是首次。产于贵州独山丹林组陆相地层具有水平层理的黑色泥岩中的 Diplocraterion dushanensis ichnosp.nov.其近于平行的 U形栖管由许多的节管组成 ,节管和蹼状构造可能系造迹生物的居住潜穴阶段性地随沉积物的增厚而向上移动的过程中所形成 ,其造迹生物主要生活于泛滥平原相对平静贫氧的水体环境中。     

Tectonic and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Elements Characteristics of the Tethyan Realm in South China

Abstract: The evolution of the global Tethys Sea can be classified into three stages, Proto-Tethys, Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys. The Tethyan realm has distinctive features of zonations and segmentations along north-south and east-west, respectively, and has variable richness in oil and gas. The petroleum geological conditions of Tethys are complicated, partly represented by multi-layer of source and seal rocks, and reservoirs. The hydrocarbon accumulation elements and periods of the Tethyan realm show gradually younger from west to east and north to south. South China is located in the north belt and Yangtze segment of the Tethyan realm, and its polycyclic tectonic movements were governed by the Tethyan and Pacific realms. The blocks in South China rotated clockwise and counter-clockwise during their drift northward from Gondwana. The belts and segmentations of Tethys in South China are also clear, with six tectonic belts including: Chuxiong-Sichuan; middle Guizhou-Hunan-Hubei; lower Yangtze; Xuefeng-Jiangnan; Guangxi-Hunan-Jiangxi; and Cathaysia. Numerous faults, including compressional, compressional-shear, extensional, extensional-shear and shear are well developed in South China. The fault strikes are mainly NE, NW and NS, in which the NE is the dominant direction. Lower, middle and upper hydrocarbon assemblages, respectively corresponding to Proto-, Paleo- and Neo-Tethys, formed in the Tethyan realm of South China with the lower and middle having excellent hydrocarbon accumulation conditions. An integrated analysis of tectonic evolution, superimposed deformation and later hydrocarbon preservation shows that during the Neo-Tethyan stage in South China, continental sediments were deposited and experienced intense tectonic deformation, which had resulted in different hydrocarbon pool-forming features from those of the Neo-Tethyan realm.     

People’s perception and socioeconomic determinants of soil erosion:A case study of Samanalawewa watershed,Sri Lanka

Though soil erosion is an important concern in Sri Lanka, there is a dearth of baseline information on soil erosion in many ofits watersheds, which obstructs monitoring of soil erosion and mitigating its effects. In order to assess soil erosion in a critical watershed and to identify its determinants, the Samanalawewa watershed, which contains one of the main hydropower generating reservoirs in Sri Lanka, was selected for this study. Remote-sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) based modeling...     

福建龙海牛头山新生代玄武岩橄榄岩包体的水

对福建龙海牛头山新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩包体进行了傅利叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析,结果显示,二辉橄榄岩中的辉石包体含有结构水,均以OH的形式存在,结构水含量分别如下: 单斜辉石为(151~845)×10-6,斜方辉石为(40~710)×10-6,全岩为(25~90)×10-6.无论是辉石中的水含量还是全岩中的水含量,福建牛头山地区均高于华北克拉通的安徽女山、河北汉诺坝和苏北盆地,而与同是华北克拉通的河北阳原地区水含量相当.实验证明辉石是牛头山地区上地幔重要的水储库.初步推断福建牛头山经历了洋壳俯冲作用及底侵作用.      

基于风险分析的商业性找矿预测新方法与应用

基于风险分析的商业性找矿预测新方法主要限于针对矿山深部和外围找矿预测与风险投资中的商业性矿产勘探。从风险分析和经济地质学角度对以往研究成果进行系统总结,认为成矿成晕模式与地质地球化学找矿预测系统、构造地球化学方法、矿体探采对比、广度搜索选优评价(矿点与异常成矿概率法)、深度解剖评价与定量预测等技术方法在金属矿山(床)找矿预测中应用前景广阔,矿物地球化学、岩相学亚相-微相填编图等新预测方法完善后可广泛推广应用。基于风险分析的商业性找矿预测方法技术不断发展,有助于满足境外矿产勘查迅猛发展和矿业权交易量增加的商业性矿产勘查新局势需求,推动矿产勘查和开发项目现代管理水平的提升。     

构造挤压对库车坳陷异常地层压力的影响

库车坳陷异常高压呈东西向带状分布,中部克拉苏-东秋-迪那构造带的地层压力系数在2．0以上,往南北两侧递减。异常高压的分布和古近系的膏盐岩分布密切相关,巨厚的膏盐层盖层是形成异常高压的重要条件。喜马拉雅晚期强烈的构造挤压作用是库车坳陷异常高压形成的主要因素,地层压力和过剩地层压力与最大构造主应力之间具有较好的相关性,构造抬升对该区异常高压形成的影响较小。异常高压对油气藏的形成和保存有十分重要的作用,它是库车坳陷形成大型油气藏的必要条件。     

黑河流域水资源合理开发利用的研究

黑河流域是我国干旱区一个较大的内陆河流域,集水面积约13万平方公里,主流长821公里,发源于祁连山,穿越河西走廊,流泄于内蒙古西部高原。本文对黑河流域水资源、土地资源、草场资源的数显和质量进行评价。同时分析了流域水资源潜力及开发利用引起的环境变化。指出目前水资源开发已影响到中游绿洲建设规模和下游绿的安全。研究认为现阶段水资源开发利用应使经济发展和保护环境两者之间的关系相协调。实行以流域为整体的开发,采取有效的工程措施,加强中、下游水资源利用的宏观控制与管理,实行分区定量分配和综合治理,从而提高流域水资源利用的经济、环境和社会效益。