陕南硒中毒区地层时代的厘定

本文通过对南秦岭大巴山的紫阳县典型硒中毒区双安乡闹热村所在地及邻区分布的基岩的岩石类型、岩相和层序等进行研究和分析，发现紫阳县双安乡闹热村硒中毒区出露的地层主要为晚震旦世和早寒武世鲁家坪组下部厚约40余米的富硒高硫黄铁矿化黑色碳质硅质板岩和黄铁矿化火山凝灰岩，该层位可以和云南下寒武统筇竹寺组下部和贵州牛蹄塘组下部的地层对比。该层岩石含硒量为10～56mg／kg，平均为32mg／kg左右，是大巴山地区所有地层和岩石中含硒量最高的。该硒中毒区主要几块高硒田块(土壤含硒量为16～36mg／kg)下部分布的就是这套高硒的早寒武世黄铁矿化黑色碳质硅质板岩和黄铁矿化火山凝灰岩地层。     

海底热水成矿系统中的流体端员与混合过程：来自白银厂和呷村VMS矿床的流体包裹体证据

古今海底热液流体系统是人们关注的重要科学问题,正确识别流体系统中不同来源的流体端员及其混合-分离过程,是深刻理解海底流体系统及火山成因块状硫化物(VMS)矿床成因的关键。本文选择了我国境内两个典型的VMS矿床:甘肃白银厂矿床和四川呷村矿床,分别对上部块状矿带和下部脉状-网脉状矿带进行了系统的流体包裹体研究。研究表明,海底热液成矿流体系统是一个富集CO_2和CH_4的NaCl-H_2O流体系统。在此系统中,至少已鉴别出5种端员流体,即(1)低温 (<150℃)高盐度(>12wt％NaCl)卤水;(2)高温(>320℃)高盐度(>14.5wt％NaCl)流体和(3)高温(>350℃)中盐度(10～16wt％Nacl)富气流体,以及(4)低温(～100℃)低盐度(2～5wt％NaCl)流体和(5)中温低盐度流体,它们构成了3个相互分离的温度-盐度演变趋势或混合途径。)低温高盐度卤水封存于卤水池中,在呷村矿床,卤水池发育在海底凹陷盆地热液区内,在白银厂矿床,卤水池则发育在海底之下的多孔火山碎屑岩单元及穿透性断裂破碎带内。高温高盐度流体和高温中盐度富气流体均来自矿区下部浅位岩浆房,前者以液态富金属H_2O流体为主,通常与冷海水发生混合;后者以富CO_2和CH_4的气体为主,高温(>450℃)下呈相对独立的气流存在,至到250～260℃才作为液相混入成矿热液流体中。低温低盐度     

西藏冈底斯中新世斑岩铜矿带：埃达克质斑岩成因与构造控制

作为贱金属主要来源的斑岩铜矿床，大多数产出于大陆边缘和岛弧环境。普遍认为，被俯冲洋壳板片释放流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成的玄武质岩浆，在相对封闭系统结晶分异和／或同化混染形成含铜长英质岩浆。然而，我们的研究表明，在西藏碰撞造山带，发育一条具有巨大成矿潜力的中新世斑岩铜矿带，含铜斑岩具有埃达克岩地球化学特性，来源于被加厚的藏南镁铁质下地壳，但俯冲的新特提斯洋壳板片部分熔融也不能完全被排除。斑岩铜矿形成于陆-陆后碰撞伸展时期(13～18Ma)，即青藏高原迅速抬升之后。横切碰撞造山带的南北向正断层系统，类似于岛弧环境下的横切弧的断层系统，成为埃达克质斑岩岩浆快速上升和就位的通道与场所，并使岩浆热液系统中大量的含矿流体充分地分离而成矿。     

冀北隆化早前寒武纪高级变质区内的晚古生代片麻状花岗闪长岩--锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

本文报道了冀北隆化早前寒武纪高级变质区中片麻状花岗闪长岩的SHRIMP U-Ph锆石年龄为311±2Ma(95％置信度)。锆石为典型的岩浆结晶锆石,少量继承锆石年龄平均为 1809±21 Ma(95％置信度),与华北克拉通的形成年龄接近,可能与本区早元古代末华北克拉通的最后拼合有关。冀北隆化早前寒武纪高级变质区中晚古生代片麻状花岗闪长岩的确定说明:内蒙古隆起(即“内蒙地轴”)实际为晚古生代-早中生代期间构造变形及剥露的结果。这一发现对于认识燕山构造带的早期演化历史有重要意义。     

沙盖黄土丘陵坡地土壤理化特性随地形变化规律研究

在陕西神木县与内蒙古东胜市交界的饮马泉小流域,选择有代表性的坡面进行地形剖面和土壤层垂直方向的系统采样。每个样品进行了粒级、土壤质量含水量、土壤有机质测试。经数据的分析模拟,得以下结论:①土壤粒级构成和物理性粘粒含量特征,可以指示研究区土壤的沙化程度和演化趋向,其具有向西北更干旱粗化方向过渡的倾向。②土壤水分随地貌部位的变化规律比较明显,在峁坡顶部和上部,垂向上具有自上而下增加的趋势,而在峁坡下部和坡脚却正好相反。不论何种地貌部位都存在一个相近的土壤蒸发、渗漏、持水能力相对的平衡深度。③土壤的物理性粘粒含量与土壤的水肥关系密切,物理性粘粒含量相对高的土壤剖面,土壤的水肥组合效果较好。④土壤水肥质地的组合效果,丘陵顶部的最差,依次过渡到坡脚的组合效果最好。其进一步表明,地貌因素在土壤形成后的一系列熟化、退化、被侵蚀和沙化的演化过程中,地貌仍起着至关重要的作用。     

Decline of groundwater table in Beijing and recognition of seismic precursory information

This paper quantitatively analyzed groundwater table fluctuations caused by groundwater overdraft, and probed into the possibility of drawing earthquake precursory information from groundwater table variations on the background of groundwater overdraft. Main effect factors of groundwater regime in Beijing region include groundwater extraction and rainfall. The decline of groundwater table was directly related to regional groundwater overdraft. Using the method of correlation analysis, the paper analyzed the...     

Comparison of Extrapolation and Interpolation Methods for Estimating Daily Photosynthetically Active Radiation(PAR)——A Case Study of the Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve,China

Measurements of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),which are indispensable for simulating plant growth and productivity,are generally very scarce.This study aimed to compare two extrapolation and one interpolation methods for estimating daily PAR reaching the earth surface within the Poyang Lake national nature reserve,China.The daily global solar radiation records at Nanchang meteorological station and daily sunshine duration measurements at nine meteorological stations around Poyang Lake were obtain...     

Process of Rifting and Collision along Plate Margins of the Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Geodynamics

The Qinling erogenic belt underwent complicated processes of rifting and collision, as shown by the coexistence of (1) ocean extension and plate margin rifting and (2) subduction of the frontal oceanic crust and extension of the rear plate margin. These resulted in a basin-mountain framework characterized by the coexistence of plates separated by the ocean basin and continental blocks demarcated by the rifting sea trough in the marginal region and the coexistence of subduction orogeny and ocean extension. Generally speaking, the plate marginal area between the North China plate and Yangtze plate continually rifted from north to south and the rifted micro-plates continually accreted northwards. This especial orogenic process was probably controlled by two events of deep mantle geody-namic adjustment and mantle plume activities, which occurred in the Shangdan suture belt and Mianlue suture belt from north to south respectively.     

矿产预测理论——区域成矿学向矿产勘查延伸的理论体系

矿产预测理论研究始于20世纪50年代,在近60年的预测实践中,始终是研究的热门课题。我国学者在全国第一、二轮区划实践和相关研究成果基础上,完善了矿产预测理论的基本内容,形成矿产预测的理论体系,推动了区域成矿学向矿产勘查延伸新领域的探索。矿产预测理论概括为矿床成矿作用“异相定位”预测理论;矿床成矿系列“缺位”预测理论;多元信息“类比-求同”预测理论和地质体“对等求异”预测理论。认为成矿作用的“异相定位和矿床成矿系列”缺位预测理论是矿产预测的地质理论依据,又是对成矿学理论的补充;多元信息“类比-求同”理论是传统的预测理论,本文赋以新的内含;地质体“对等求异”理论补充了“类比-求同”理论的不足,是前3项理论内容无可比拟的。矿产预测理论已受矿产勘查实践的检验,证明是有效的,在当前已成为提高矿产预测成果准确性和勘查效益的科学依据。     

Variations of Microbial Communities and the Contents and Isotopic Compositions of Total Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in Soil Samples during Their Preservation

Semi-sealed preservation of soil samples at different moisture of 4% and 23%,respectively, was simulated to observe the variations of soil microbial communities and determine the contents and isotopic compositions of the total organic carbon and total nitrogen on the 7th and 30th day, respectively.The results show that during preservation,the quantity of microbial communities tended to increase first and then decrease,with a wider variation range at higher moisture (23%).At the moisture content of 23%,th...