华北地区拆离滑脱带控震作用初探

华北东部盆岭区以地震多、震级大、损失惨重而称。以往地震地质研究多注重断裂交汇、拐点、分枝等部位的控震作用。但是，华北盆岭区多次大震的烈度并不呈线型展布，震源也并非沿陡倾断裂走向分布，而是在一定深度上(近水平)弥散展布，故人们开始注意深部滑脱带控震的探讨。笔依据近十余年华北地幔亚热柱的研究认为，华北断陷区之下为—强烈上隆的地幔亚热柱。地幔物质的上隆及上侵作用使上地壳裂解断陷，而中地壳在地幔、下地壳的影响下形成相间展布的低速—高导层。在地幔亚热柱热物质流向外拆离的带动下，中、下地壳亦由亚热柱顶部向外围拆离滑脱。当中、下地壳拆离到上地壳裂陷盆地边缘受到造山带的阻挡而减慢时，两之间便产生剪切作用，导致应力不断积聚并阶段性释放，从而造成亚热柱外围地震频繁发生。     

雁列式断层组合变形过程中的声发射活动特征

着重研究拉张或挤压型雁列式断层标本变形过程中声发射(简称AE，下同)的时空演化特征. 结果表明，预置构造对AE空间分布格局具有较强的控制作用，随着差应力的增加，AE首先在两个端点附近丛集，之后向两端点连线附近集中，出现明显的破裂局部化现象，较大事件还通常集中于某一端点附近反复发生. 前期微破裂丛集图象指示后期宏观破裂的扩展方向及扩展范围. 拉张和挤压型雁列区宏观破裂方向分别与轴向应力方向垂直和平行. 雁列式断层标本变形过程中，破裂前的弱化阶段相对较长、弱化过程明显. 微破裂事件累积频次指数增长可能是系统失稳前的典型征兆之一，而雁列区宏观破裂之后，AE数量逐渐减少、应变释放相对减弱. 摩擦滑动过程中，大的粘滑失稳前未见有AE活动前兆性的增强过程.雁列区的b值变化在失稳前显示趋势性降低——快速回升这一典型的变化过程，b值降低一般发生在差应力增强过程之中，并有可能延续至弱化阶段，而快速回升则一般发生在破裂失稳前的短时期内. 对比研究表明，构造差异所导致的b值差异远大于b值随差应力的增加而产生的变化量，而对同一构造标本，力学状态的改变会导致AE序列时序特征的急剧变化，较高的加载速率对应较高的应变能释放及明显的低b值. 先期破碎带由于较低的破坏强度，其对差应力的微小变化具有特殊敏感性，从而成为源、兆分离、窗口或敏感点效应等地震活动性前兆现象的一种可能的原因.      

天津地区海积软土结构强度及其对力学特征的影响

海积软土是一种结构性土，具有结构连结强度。其压缩曲线呈现出超固结土的压缩的曲线形式。强度曲线为二段折线，在应力小于σ'k时表现出超固结土的力学特征。而当应力水平高于这一临界值时，表现出正常固结土的力学特性。对其结构连结的成因进行了简单探讨。     

Research on paleoearthquakes in Jiuxian trenches across Nankou-Sunhe fault zone in Changping County of Beijing plain

An abundance of the phenomena of tectonic deformation and paleoseismic events of different times and their recurrent interval, as well as coseismic vertical displacements is exposed in Jiuxian trenches across the Nankou-Sunhe fault zone in Changping County. The research result shows three paleoearthquakes occurring during the Holocene. They were dated as 10643 ± 250 a B.P.-9706 ± 1235 a B.P., 7894±150 a B.P.-7640 ± 650 a B.P., and 3987±100 a B.P.-3670 ± 310 a B.P., respectively. The coseismic vertical displacements are 1.0 m, 2.0 m, and 2.0 m, respectively. From a statistical formula of relation between historic earthquake magnitudes and surface seismic dislocations in North China, the magnitudes of these paleoearthquakes are inferred to be in a range from M 7.7 to M 7.9. The research shows that the Holocene fault activity in the plain can be traced in the trenches according to the micro-geomorphic features. Many micro-structural phenomena are also found in these trenches. Identification of the paleoearthquakes in the Nankou-Sunhe fault zone during the Holocene time is of significance for assessment of future seismic risk in Beijing area.     

中国地壳运动观测网络基准站应变场变化的海潮负荷信号改正问题

利用最新的卫星测高全球Csr3.0模型，中国近海海潮数据和标准地球模型负荷格林函数，采用直接褶积积分方法研究中国地壳运动观测网络基准站应变固体潮观测的海潮负荷影响。计算25个台站8个主要潮波的负荷振幅和相位，讨论几个主要台站的负荷应变花和负荷应变随时间的变化特征。     

Formation Waters and Their Relations to Natural Gas Reservoirs in Central Ordos Basin

1IntroductionFormationwaterisanimportantmediumforhydrocarbongenerationandmigration .Thelong termcontactofformationwaterswithoilandgasmustleavesomeorganiccomponentsintheforma tionwaters.Ofcourse,thechemicalcompositionofformationwater (i.e.,oilfieldwater)iscloselyrelatedtotheformationofoilandgasreservoirs (Collins,1 975) .Since 1 970smanyscholarsbothathomeandabroadhavecenteredonthestudyofthecharacteristicsofformationwatersthemselves(Collins,1 975;LiuChongxi,1 988;HuangFutangetal.,1 993 ;GaoX…     

A preliminary geological and geochemical study of the Xiangquan thallium deposit, eastern China: the world’s first thallium-only mine

Summary Here we report the first example of a thallium-only deposit, which was discovered in the northeast margin of the Yangtze block, eastern China, in the transition zone between the Yangtze Block, North China Block and Dabie orogenic belt. Ore from the Xiangquan deposit will be mined, ore-dressed and smelted independently for thallium. The ore deposit is hosted in Lower Ordovician micrite, calcilutite and marl within the Dalongwang Mountain Xiao Mountain anticline. The ore zones are fold and fault controlled. Thallium occurs mainly in pyrite but minor amounts form as lorandite (TlAsS₂) and hutchinsonite (TlFeS₂). Fluid inclusion studies of two stages of fluorite intimately associated with ore-forming pyrite yielded homogenization temperatures of 120 to 220 °C with a salinity of 1.5 to 6.0 equivalent wt.% NaCl. Thallium was originally derived by hydrothermal emanations onto the sea floor and deposited in calcareous sediments. Subsequently in the Early Cretaceous (Yanshanian period) these source beds were reworked to form thallium enriched minerals in hydrothermal veins.     

基于OpenGL的边坡三维模型数据组织研究

数据的组织是建立三维可视化模型的关键,数据组织的好坏对整个可视化系统的性能有着直接的影响,而组织数据的核心问题又是几何模型的表达。介绍了三维模型数据组织方法,应用该方法在Delphi 环境下结合OpenGL 成功开发了三维边坡信息系统,从而验证了该数据组织方法的正确性和可行性。     

Microcosmic analysis of ductile shearing zones of coal seams of brittle deformation domain in superficial lithosphere

For many years, the study on ductile shearing zones mainly focuses on the strain analysis and the characteristics of microcosmic structure of felsic duc-tile shearing zones in deep layers (8—10 km). Discus-sions on the process of the development of small-type and mini-size ductile shearing zones have been re-ported in recent years[1,2]. 揇uctile deformations in brittle deformation擺3] and 揵rittle deformations in ductile deformation擺4] are rather a familiar phenome-non in nature. Researchin…     

安徽铜陵矿集区海西期喷流沉积流体系统时空结构

铜陵矿集区是长江中下游成矿带七大矿集区之一，构造上经历了晚古生代的陆缘裂陷、中三叠世的陆-陆碰撞和侏罗纪—白垩纪的陆内构造-岩浆活动。晚石炭世的海底喷流沉积形成了广泛分布的块状硫化物，除部分构成块状硫化物矿床外，还为燕山期中酸性岩浆活动形成的矽卡岩型矿床提供了部分硫和金属物质。为了查明海西期喷流沉积流体系统及其时空展布特征，在铜陵矿集区内开展了以流体活动记录为对象的蚀变-流体填图工作。结果显示，海西期喷流沉积流体系统不仅形成以块状硫化物为主体的喷流沉积记录，而且在下伏岩系中遗留了区域规模的流体蚀变记录。以块状硫化物为主体的喷流沉积记录构成3个喷流沉积旋回，在垂向上和横向上均具有成分和结构的分带性。流体蚀变记录在上部构成顺层蚀变带，在中部构成沿断裂和裂隙充填的石英一硫化物脉体群。在下部则构成半整合蚀变带，表明喷流沉积流体系统由下渗的海水在下部半整合蚀变带形成储集区，经高地热异常的加热后，沿中部脉体群向上迁移，在进入顺层蚀变带后沿砂岩层向两侧扩散，最后经同生断裂和裂隙向海底喷出。块状硫化物与蚀变岩、喷流沉积旋回及硫化物硫同位素的空间展布特征，显示区内存在3个受基底断裂控制的NWW向延伸的流体活动域，包含6个以上的流体储集区域，每个流体储集区域之上发育多个流体上升中心和海底喷流中心。