Discussion on Cathodic Protection of HZ 21-1 Platform

The environmental conditions around the first offshore HZ 21- 1 steel wellhead platform in the South China Sea are characterized by deep water, frequent typhoons, rough waves, high water temperature, severely corrosive seawater, and thick fouling organism attachments. The design and effectiveness of galvanic anode protection system are presented, and several methods are described, which are the calculation method of the protective current density considering the variation of water depth, the method of determining protection parameters considering various factors, the arrangement of anodes based on potential distribution and current requirements at different water depths, and the method of anode installation. Finally the effect of the accuracy of selected cathodic protection parameters on the economic benefits of offshore projects is also discussed..     

南海盆地新近纪浮游有孔虫带、气候、生物生产力爆炸事件和沉降速度的转换时限

依据浮游有孔虫带的研究,南海北部浅海区LH-19-4-1井和南海北部陆坡区ODP1148站更新世的N22带,晚上新世的N21带和N20带,早上新世的N19—N18带,中新世的N17带至N4带,和晚渐新世的N3带(N3带=P22带)的地层相当,可以对比。如生物多样性在时间上的变化所示,南海北部浅海区,从晚渐新世的N3带末期至更新世N22带经历了五次降温事件(C1—C5)。C1,晚渐新世N3带末期(23.20~23.40Ma),可能相当于Mi-1事件;C2,早中新世早期N4带中晚期(22.50~21.80Ma),它与Mi-1a事件相当,C2降温事件在陆坡区也有反应;C3,早中新世晚期N7带早中期(17.15~17.10Ma),可能相当Mi-1b事件;C4,中中新世中期N10带晚期(14.65~14.60Ma),可能与Mi-3事件相当;C5发生于早更新世N22带早期。14.60Ma是C4事件结束的时限、是本区古环境长时间尺度变化的时限,也是南海盆地在新近纪期间的沉降速度由慢速转入快速的时限。它还可能是青藏高原在中中新世中期开始由慢速隆升转入中速隆升变化的时限。本区从晚渐新世末期至更新世早期的环境为中-外浅海环境,在此期间,共有五次生物生产力爆炸事件(BEE1—BEE5)。BEE1和BEE2发生在早中新世早期N4带,23.2~21.5Ma期间;BEE3发生在早上新世N18—N19交界处,4.80Ma;BEE4发生在晚上新世晚期N21带,3.10~1.80Ma期间;BEE5发生在早更新世初期,1.60Ma。爆炸事件期间的生物生产力高出非爆炸事件期间平均生产力5~11倍,为原生油气藏提供了丰富的物源,给探寻原生油气田提供了重要的信息。     

Characteristics of Overpressure Systems and Their Significance in Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan Basins, China

Overpressure systems are widely developed in the central depression and paleo-uplift in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins. They can be divided into three types according to the origin of abnormally high formation pressure in the reservoirs, i.e. the autochthonous, vertically-transmitted and laterally-transmitted types. The autochthonous overpressure system results from rapid disequilibrium sediment loading and compaction. In the allochthonous overpressure system, the increase of fluid pressure in sandstone originates from the invasion of overpressured fluid flowing vertically or laterally through the conduit units. The autochthonous overpressure system occurs in the deep-lying strata of Neogene age in the central depression of the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins. The vertically transmitted overpressure system is developed in the shallow strata of Late Miocene and Pliocene ages in the diapiric zone of the central Yinggehai basin, and the laterally transmitted overpressure system occurs in the Oligo     

A STUDY ON THE CARTOGRAPHIC FUZZY MATRIX MODEL AND MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS OF CARTOGRAPHIC TERMS

On the basis of the research of the cartographic modelsmade by the authors some years ago,this paper further studies theestablishment of cartographic fuzzy matrix to make the concepts incartography e.g.,selection,deletion,mapping generalization andimage tranformation,into some precise mathematical expressions.     

LY-921计算机实验装置的总体设计与调试

本文介绍LY—921计算机原理实验装置的总体结构设计和整机调试。该装置能进行计算机部件实验,整机实验以及小型数字系统调试等实验。     

居民地注记自动定位的研究和试验

本文根据常规制图方法中居民地注记的定位原则,讨论了注记位置自动查找的方法,将定位中的关键问题——何为最佳注记位置,模型化,使之便于计算机处理,并用实验数据验证此算法的合理性和可行性。     

地形图自动综合知识库的建立方法

本文以地形图自动综合为目的,讨论了如何利用数据库技术建立地形图综合知识库,这种方法能提高知识库中规则的匹配速度。     

点状要素与线状、面状要素的关系处理

要素关系的处理是地形图综合中必须考虑的因素,本文讨论了基于矢量数据的点状要素与线状要素,点状要素与面状要素的关系处理。研究关系的分类、关系的判别和综合中关系的保持和应用。     

南海琼东南盆地天然气水合物稳定域分布特征及资源预测

琼东南盆地油气地质显示盆地内具有生物成因和热成因天然气的巨大生成能力和远景. 地震剖面显示盆地内发育有泥底辟和气烟囱、沟通泥底辟和气烟囱与海底的断裂及可能正在活动的天然气冷泉,这些特征非常有利于天然气水合物的发育. 通过天然气水合物热力学稳定域预测,确定了琼东南盆地天然气水合物的平面和剖面分布特征. 生物成因甲烷水合物分布于水深大于约600m的海底,稳定带最大厚度约314m;热成因天然气水合物分布于水深大于约450m的海区,稳定带最大厚度约410m. 盆地内天然气水合物远景总量约10×109m3,水合物天然气远景为1.6×1012m3.