桅杆结构纤绳连接拉耳孔边裂纹扩展形状变化特性研究

本文采用两自由度的裂纹扩展模型,以桅杆结构纤绳拉耳孔边裂纹前缘最深点和表面点的裂纹扩展增长量来追踪裂纹扩展。基于最小二乘法原理对通过有限元法所获得的各种裂纹形状所对应的裂纹前缘最深点和表面点的无因次形状因子进行多项式曲线拟合,用拟合曲线上的值代替离散的无因次形状因子扩充插值数据库,采用拉格朗日插值法计算任意形状裂纹前缘最深点和表面点无因次形状因子,并计算得到确定裂纹扩展速率所需要的应力强度因子幅度。最后根据裂纹前缘最深点和表面点的裂纹扩展速率确定桅杆结构纤绳连接拉耳孔边裂纹的扩展特性。     

汶川Ms8．0地震的短临地电波动（潮汐力谐振和共振波-HRT波）前兆

简要介绍了强震短临前兆的HRT波模型,和用HRT波模型分析强震前地电观测资料预测未来强震的时间、地点、震级三要素方法。用HRT波模型分析了2008年汶川MS8.0地震前四川红格地电台的记录资料,提取出了汶川MS8.0地震前短临前兆信息。     

Analysis of earthquake ground motions using an improved Hilbert–Huang transform

Some limitations of the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) for nonlinear and nonstationary signal processing are remarked. As an enhancement to the HHT, a time varying vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) model based method is proposed to calculate the instantaneous frequencies of the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) obtained from the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) of a signal. By representing the IMFs as time varying VARMA model and using the Kalman filter to estimate the time varying model parameters, the instantaneous frequencies are calculated according to the time varying parameters, then the instantaneous frequencies and the envelopes derived from the cubic spline interpolation of the maxima of IMFs are used to yield the Hilbert spectrum. The analysis of the length of day dataset and the ground motion record El Centro (1940, N–S) shows that the proposed method offers advantages in frequency resolution, and produces more physically meaningful and readable Hilbert spectrum than the original HHT method, short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and wavelet transform (WT). The analysis of the seismic response of a building during the 1994 Northridge earthquake shows that the proposed method is a powerful tool for structural damage detection, which is expected as the promising area for future research.     

华东地区主要矿山环境地质问题

华东地区经济发达,人口密集,城市化程度较高。对环境要求也高。但是华东地区资源丰富,涉及的矿种多,数量大,矿产资源开发普遍,由此造成的矿山环境地质问题比较突出。本文详细分析了华东地区矿产资源开发引发的矿山环境地质问题,如土地资源破坏和占用、水资源破坏、水土污染和矿山地质灾害等,指出区内因矿产资源开发引发的资源损毁、环境污染以及地质灾害的规模,分析引发矿山环境地质问题的主要自然和人为因素。     

Seasonal changes in imposex and tissue burden of butyltin compounds in Thais clavigera populations along the coastal area of Mirs Bay, China

We assessed the current status of tributyltin (TBT) contamination of Thais clavigera (Gastropoda) along the coastal area of Mirs Bay, China for the first time. The snail samples were collected from 10 different sites in the summer (June) and winter (December) of 2006, respectively. They were analyzed for imposex status, i.e. relative penis size index (RPSI) and vas deferens sequence index (VDSI), followed by quantification of butyltins in their tissues. Most of the collected females suffered from imposex, but the level of butyltin contamination varied with the distance from Yantian Port, which is currently the fourth busiest container port in the world. The tissue concentration of TBT varied with season. For a particular site, the winter samples in general contained much higher concentration of TBT than the summer samples. RPSI, VDSI and organotin concentrations were higher in T. clavigera collected from sites closer to the Port, such as the Seafood Street and Kat O. Both RPSI and VDSI were positively correlated with the tissue burden of tributyltin. VDSI exhibited little seasonal variability, whereas RPSI showed marked seasonal variability, with lower values in the summer samples. The current results will serve as an important reference for long-term monitoring of butyltin contamination in this area.     

Temporal and spatial variations in the discharge and dissolved organic carbon of drip waters in Beijing Shihua Cave,China

To detect the causal relationship between cave drip waters and stalagmite laminae, which have been used as a climate change proxy, three drip sites in Beijing Shihua Cave were monitored for discharge and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Drip discharges and DOC were determined at 0 to 14‐day intervals over the period 2004–2006. Drip discharges show two types of response to surface precipitation variations: (1) a rapid response; and (2) a time‐lagged response. Intra‐annual variability in drip discharge is significantly higher than inter‐annual variability. The content of DOC in all drip waters varies inter‐ and intra‐annually and has good correlation with drip water discharge at the rapid response sites. High DOC was observed in July and August in the three years observed. The flushing of soil organic matter is dependent upon the intensity of rain events. The DOC content of drip water increases sharply above a threshold rainfall intensity (>50 mm d^?1) and shows several pulses corresponding with intense rain events (>25 mm d^?1). The DOC content was lower and less variable during the dry period than during the rainy period. The shape of DOC peak also varies from year to year as it is influenced by the intensity and frequency of rainfall. The different drip sites show marked differences in DOC response, which are dominated by hydrological behaviour linked to the recharge of the soil and karst micro‐fissure/porosity network. The results explain why not all stalagmite laminae are consistent with climate changes and suggest that the structure of the rainy season events could be preserved in speleothems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

爆炸应力波对新浇混凝土衬砌的影响研究

爆炸应力波作用下新浇混凝土衬砌的破坏模式及安全振动速度是水电、铁道工程隧洞建设中需要解决的重要问题。根据弹性P波及SV波在介质中的传播规律,讨论了P波及SV波在薄层混凝土衬砌中的传播及近似处理方法,依照莫尔-库仑准则、极限拉应力准则、极限拉应变准则,研究了爆炸应力波作用下新混凝土衬砌的破坏模式及安全振动速度。结果表明,入射应力波及衬砌中的折射波对衬砌的破坏作用最主要,折射波在衬砌内产生的反、折射波将降低衬砌中的应力,具有卸载效果;混凝土衬砌的安全振动速度随着龄期的增大而增大,P波入射时,安全振动速度随着入射角的增大而增大,入射角较大时,胶结面容易发生剪切破坏,较小时,容易发生拉伸破坏,SV波入射时,较小角度下容易发生剪切破坏,较大角度时容易发生拉伸破坏;围岩弹性模量越高,衬砌的安全振动速度越小。     

地下工程渗流排水孔数值模拟的隐式复合单元法

根据渗流基本原理,提出了排水孔在地下工程中渗流数值模拟的隐式复合单元法。将排水孔隐含于模型网格中,得到排水孔在模型中的数据信息。判断所有排水孔与单元的相对位置,通过修正排水孔所穿过单元的渗透传导矩阵来模拟排水孔的强排水效果,并通过实例对排水子结构法和隐式复合单元法进行了比较。运用编制的三维有限元计算程序对某地下水电站厂房渗流场及排水孔进行了模拟,结果表明,采用隐式复合单元法对排水孔进行模拟是可行的。     

基于Duncan-Chang本构的非线性土压力模型

假设基坑工程中挡土结构的变形和土压力服从双曲线模型,类比Duncan-Chang本构建模思想,在前人关于基坑主动区和被动区变形假设的基础上,建立了可以考虑位移变化的非线性土压力模型。把非线性土压力模型和Duncan-Chang本构模型联系起来,使得本文非线性土压力模型参数确定有根据。把弹性地基梁模型和该非线性土压力联系起来,使得弹性抗力系数的概念更加明确。以m法为例,深入分析了m法的影响因素。      

闽西山区旅游开发与脆弱生态环境耦合发展机制研究之展望

深入研究闽西山区旅游开发与脆弱生态环境耦合发展机制,即通过建立山区生态脆弱性评价指标体系、研究脆弱生态环境与旅游开发耦合发展、构建闽西生态脆弱区旅游资源开发模式及建立旅游发展预警系统等措施来实现闽西山区旅游开发与脆弱生态环境保护的良性耦合。学术贡献主要体现在：理论层面上可以建立一种适用于山区型生态脆弱区生态环境与旅游开发协调发展的分析框架,在应用层面上实现旅游资源适度开发与生态环境有效保护,促进山区型生态脆弱区生态资源可持续发展。为实现研究目标,本研究从人地关系角度出发提出自上而下、自下而上相结合的技术路线。