Denitrification potential of marsh soils in two natural saline-alkaline wetlands

Little information is available on denitrification potential of marsh soils in natural saline-alkaline wetlands. The denitrification potentials of an open wetland in the floodplain(Erbaifangzi wetland) and a closed wetland(Fulaowenpao wetland) in backwater areas in Jilin Province of Northeast China were monitored by an anaerobic incubation at 30℃ for 25 days. Our results showed that the relative denitrification index(RDI) increased gradually with incubation time, and showed a rapid increase in the first 5 days of incubation. The RDI values declined quickly from surface soils to subsurface soils and then kept a small change in deeper soils along soil profiles over the incubation time. Denitrification proceeded much faster in the top 20 cm soils of open wetland than in the closed wetland, whereas no significant differences in RDI values were observed in deeper soils between both wetlands. The RDIs were significantly negatively correlated with bulk density and sand content, while a significantly positive correlation with clay content, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorous. The maximum net NO–3-N loss through denitrification in 1 m depth were higher in the open wetland than the closed wetland with higher soil pH values. Future research should be focused on understanding the influencing mechanisms of soil alkalinity.     

Spatial and seasonal distributions of soil phosphorus in a typical seasonal flooding wetland of the Yellow River Delta,China

Soil samples from 0 to 100 cm depth were collected in four sampling sites (Sites A, B, C and D) along a 250-m length of sampling zone from the Yellow River channel to a tidal creek in a seasonal flooding wetland of the Yellow River Delta of China in fall of 2007 and spring of 2008 to investigate spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of total phosphorous (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) and their influencing factors. Our results showed that TP contents in spring and AP contents in both seasons in surface soils increased with increasing distances away from the Yellow River channel. TP contents in surface soils (0–10 cm) followed the order Site A (698.6 mg/kg) > Site B (688.0 mg/kg) > Site C (638.8 mg/kg) > Site D (599.2 mg/kg) in fall, while Site C (699.6 mg/kg) > Site D (651.7 mg/kg) > Site B (593.6 mg/kg) > Site A (577.5 mg/kg) in spring. Generally, lower TP content (630.6 mg/kg) and higher AP level (6.2 mg/kg) in surface soils were observed in spring compared to fall (656.2 mg/kg for TP and 5.2 mg/kg for AP). Both TP and AP exhibited similar profile distribution patterns and decreased with depth along soil profiles with one or two accumulation peaks at the depth of 40–80 cm. Although the mean TP content in soil profiles was slightly higher in spring (635.7 mg/kg) than that in fall (628.0 mg/kg), the mean TP stock was obviously lower in spring (959.9 g/m²) with an obvious accumulation at the 60–80 cm soil depth compared to fall (1124.6 g/m²). Topsoil concentration factors also indicated that TP and AP had shallower distribution in soil profiles. Correlation analysis showed that AP had significant and positive correlation with these soil properties such as soil organic matter, salinity, total nitrogen and Al (p < 0.01), but TP was just significantly correlated with TN and Al (p < 0.05).     

Non-coaxiality of soft clay generated by principal stress rotation under high-speed train loading

Plenty of geomechanics tests and theories have confirmed the existence of non-coaxiality while soil is subjected to principal stress rotation. This paper investigated the influence of one particular principal stress path, which is a ‘heart-shape’ stress path that is normally induced by high-speed train loading, on the non-coaxiality of reconstituted soft clay. Hollow cylinder apparatus was employed to carry out series of undrained dynamic tests. The goals of this study were to (1) reveal the essential factors of complex cyclic loading paths that influence non-coaxiality in clayey soil and (2) quantify the influence of the factors on variation in non-coaxiality under the high-speed training loading. To analyze the non-coaxiality under high-speed train loading, (a) the pure rotation stress path was utilized as comparison for underling the different influence that ‘heart-shape’ stress path has from other conventional cyclic stress paths. (b) Two variables, dynamic stress ratio and tension–compression amplitude ratio, were introduced in analyzing the evolution of the non-coaxial angle. (c) Based on the test results, equations for describing the revolution of non-coaxiality were proposed which can help to describe the variation in non-coaxial angle under complex loadings quantitatively and understand the influence of the major factors of the stress path intensively.

     

Month-Long Simulations of Gravity Waves over North America and North Atlantic in Comparison with Satellite Observations

Mesoscale simulations of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over North America and North Atlantic Ocean in January 2003 are compared with satellite radiance measurements from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A). Four regions of strong gravity wave (GW) activities are found in the model simulations and the AMSU-A observations: the northwestern Atlantic, the U.S. Rockies, the Appalachians, and Greenland. GWs over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean are associated with the midlatitude baroclinic jet-front system, while the other three regions are apparently related to high topography. Model simulations are further used to analyze momentum fluxes in the zonal and meridional directions. It is found that strong westward momentum fluxes are prevalent over these regions over the whole period. Despite qualitative agreement between model simulations and satellite measurements, sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the simulated GWs are sensitive to the model spin-up time.     

基于BSA及固定碘速率探讨不同浓度对比剂对肝静脉CT成像效果的影响

目的:探讨基于体表面积（BSA）和固定碘速率给药,不同浓度对比剂对CT肝静脉成像质量的影响。方法:选取2020年1月至11月符合纳入标准,行上腹部增强CT扫描的患者130例,根据所用对比剂浓度不同,分为高浓度组（62例）和低浓度组（68例）,高浓度组对比剂为碘帕醇（含碘370mg/mL）,低浓度组对比剂为碘佛醇（含碘320mg/mL）;根据BSA计算患者所用对比剂的总量,固定碘速率注射,进行分期动态扫描。选取肝静脉期数据行肝静脉血管重建,对图像质量进行评价,测量两组图像肝静脉和肝实质的CT值及其标准差值,计算信噪比和对比噪声比,并对图像质量进行主观评分;采用独立样本t检验比较两组间客观评价指标的差异,采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较主观评分的差异。结果:高、低浓度组图像评分分别为（3.74±0.47）分和（3.77±0.53）分,差异无统计学意义;两组间肝静脉左、中、右三支主干和同层面肝实质的CT值、SD值、SNR及肝静脉相对于肝实质的CNR,差异无统计学意义。结论:基于BSA及固定碘速率注射对比剂,两种不同浓度对比剂在肝静脉CT成像中的效果同样清晰利于诊断。      

Changes of Biogenic Elements in Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa from Salt Marshes in Yellow River Delta,China

Little information is available on biogenic elements(carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) and the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of plants in coastal wetlands. To investigate the contents of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur of plants, and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics in the Yellow(Huanghe) River Delta, plant samples were collected from two typical salt marshes(Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis wetlands) during the period of from August to October in 2007, and the ratios of C/N, C/P, N/P, C/N/P and C/N/P/S were calculated. Results showed that during the studying period, plant C, N and P were lower than the global average values, and plant N and P were lower than the China's average values. Leaf C and S in Suaeda salsa were significantly lower than those in Phragmites australis(P 0.05), and leaf N and P in Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis showed no significant differences(P 0.05). Average C/N ratios were 23.75 in leaf, 73.36 in stem, 65.67 in root of Suaeda salsa, and 33.77 in leaf, 121.68 in stem, 97.13 in root of Phragmites australis. Average C/N ratios of Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis were all great than 25, indicating the salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta is an N limitation system. Average C/P ratios were 276.78 in leaf, 709.28 in stem and 1031.32 in root of Suaeda salsa, and 536.94 in leaf, 768.13 in stem and 875.22 in root of Phragmites australis. The average N/P ratios of Suaeda salsa were 12.92 in leaf, 10.77 in stem and 10.91 in root, and the average N/P ratios of Phragmites australis were 16.40 in leaf, 7.40 in stem and 6.92 in root, indicating the Suaeda salsa wetlands were N limited and Phragmites australis wetlands were N limited in August and P limited in October in 2007. The average C/N, C/P and C/N/P ratios in Suaeda salsa and Pragmites australis were higher than the global average values, indicating the lower quality of organic matter provided by wetland plants in the Yellow River delta.     

马庄山金矿床中石英特征与金矿化的关系

马庄山金矿床中自然金,除与多金属硫化物密切共生与伴生外,主要脉石矿物就是石英。历次的构造运动,多期的矿液活动及演化,无不在石英的宏观构造和微观构造上有直接或间接的反应。系统详细地研究这些构造,可以指示金矿的找矿方向及扩大金矿储量     

吉林向海沼泽湿地土壤氮素的剖面分布

本文以二百方子湿地和付老文泡湿地为研究对象,对比分析了两典型区湿地土壤不同形态氮素和全氮含量在生长期和成熟期的剖面分布特征及其差异,结果表明封闭性湿地和开放性湿地土壤剖面的物理性状存在地域差异;封闭性湿地在两物候期内土壤氮素含量的剖面分布特征相似,均表现为由表层向下减少的总体分布趋势;开放性湿地土壤中碱解氮、有机氮和全氮含量剖面分布特征与封闭性湿地一致;但铵态氮含量的剖面变化则表现为先增后减的变化趋势,且硝态氮在成熟期内出现累积峰．     

市县级智慧城市时空信息云平台建设方案研究与应用——以智慧大丰时空信息云平台建设为例

分析了智慧城市时空信息云平台在智慧城市建设中的定位,针对目前国内时空信息云平台建设中普遍存在的一些问题,提出了平台架构云端化、市县运维一体化、数据内容泛在化、更新方式多样化的市县级智慧城市时空信息云平台的建设模式,并在智慧大丰时空云平台建设项目中进行了实践。