Biogeochemical consequences of macrofauna burrow ventilation

The burrow walls created by macrofauna in aquatic sediments are sites of intense chemical mass transfer. Quantitative measurement of their significance is, however, difficult because chemistry in the immediate vicinity of burrow walls is temporally dynamic due to periodic ventilation of burrows by macrofauna. A temporally dynamic, 2D multicomponent diffusion-reaction model was utilized to depict the magnitude and time dependency of chemical mass transfer in the immediate vicinity of burrow walls as well as at the water/sediment interface. The simulation results illustrate that sediment particles, pore water, and microorganisms within a few millimeters of burrow walls experience significant oscillation in pH (as much as two pH units) and dissolved oxygen concentration (between saturation and near anoxia) whereas such oscillation is absent at the water/ sediment interface. The geochemical oscillation is expected to affect the net stability of mineral phases, activities and community structures of microorganisms, and rates and magnitudes of microbial diagenetic reactions.     

Pliocene and Pleistocene magnetic stratigraphy in Le Castella area,Southern Italy—A preliminary report

A preliminary study was made of the magnetic stratigraphy of the Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene marine sediments in Le Castella area, Calabria, Southern Italy. Microbiostratigraphic evidence of the measured sediments provides a basis for tentative correlation with the standard magnetic chronology. The Gilsa Event in the Matuyama Reversed Polarity Epoch is estimated to be a little older than the lower limit of the Calabrian in Le Castella area.