南极普里兹湾表层沉积物中生物钡的含量与分布

利用中国南极科学考察第21和27航次采集的普里兹湾表层沉积物样品,分析了其中BBa的含量及分布特征,并讨论了控制其分布的相关因素。结果表明:分别利用直接扣除法和分步萃取法获得的BBa含量差别较大,直接扣除法获得的含量明显高于分步萃取法,这是因为扣除法获得的BBa中包含了大量的非生源钡,比如与样品中含砂量有密切联系的铁锰氧化物结合态钡,从而导致在该海域采用直接扣除法缺乏合理性。分步萃取法获得表层沉积物中BBa含量为104—445μg·g-1,平均值为227μg·g-1,呈现明显的空间分布差异,整体分布趋势为湾中心区域较高,浅滩及冰缘区较低。表层沉积物样品中BBa的含量及分布与BSi、OC以及上层水体的叶绿素a和初级生产力情况密切相关,说明上层水体的生物生产状况是BBa分布的主要控制因素。     

Perceptions of climate change in China: The research and policy connection

Global climate change has evolved from a scientific problem into an economic and political problem oI worlOwloe rater- est. National perspectives play a crucial role in addressing climate change. Mutual understanding of perspectives is nec- essary to result in rational policies and a consensus among stakeholders with divergent interests. Conceptual frameworks for understanding the problem of climate change in China, the largest developing country and the largest greenhouse gas emitter, are of great significance to national and international efforts to address the problems of climate change. Chinese perceptions of climate change as a sustainable development problem have recently been in tension with an emerging Western perspective that frames climate change as a security issue. This paper explores Chinese perceptions of climate change as expressed in recent governmental policy statements, public opinion surveys, and academic scholarship with a focus on publications in Chinese-language journals, often unfamiliar in the West. It looks at the relationship between Chinese research and policy and finds that the Chinese policy frame of climate change as a sustainable development problem draws from the body of domestic research and is reflective of the perspectives and multidisciplinary approach of Chinese researchers in areas of climate change.     

高寒地区日光温室地温变化及预报

利用2012年4月至2013年3月青海大通县日光温室内外地温、气温资料和大通县气象站人工观测资料,分析了高寒冷凉地区不同天气类型下日光温室地温变化规律。结果表明;研究区日光温室内日地温呈正弦曲线变化,晴天变化幅度最明显,阴天最小,地温变幅为地表〉5 cm〉10 cm〉15cm〉20 cm;室内地表、10 cm和20 cm平均地温月变化呈波形变化,最大值出现在7月,最小值在12月;随着深度增加,平均地温年较差逐渐减小;晴天、多云天、阴天不同深度地温平均日较差分别为9.6、8.3、6.1℃;地温日垂直变化仅在14时随着深度增加逐渐下降;除晴天室内最高温度外,其余温度要素与地温之间存在极显著正相关关系;建立的日光温室内10 cm最低温度预报方程和地表最低温度预报模型,可以在业务服务中应用。     

POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF FEBRUARY-APRIL ARCTIC OSCILLATION ON THE ITCZ ACTIVITY OF WESTERN-CENTRAL PACIFIC

The daily patterns and activity of Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) in the Western-Central Pacific Ocean are analyzed using NOAA interpolated Outgoing Longwave Radiation dataset during the period from 1979 to 2008, and the relationships between ITCZ patterns and Arctic Oscillation(AO) is investigated in this paper. In accordance with the central activity region the daily ITCZ can be divided into six patterns—north, south, equator, double, full and weak pattern, respectively. The statistic result shows that the north(accounting for 30.98% of the total observations), south(31.11%) and weak(24.05%) ITCZ patterns are the most active daily patterns within a 30-year period, while the other three ITCZ patterns occur infrequently. Results show that the February-April AO index has a significant positive(negative) correlation with the frequency of the north(weak) ITCZ pattern from March-May to August-October, with the strongest correlation in April-June(March-May). At the same time, the lower tropospheric atmosphere circulation(850-hPa wind field) and SST anomalies corresponding to the AO change significantly in the tropical Pacific. When AO is in the positive phase, there is an anomalous westerly from the equator to 15°N and warmer SST in the critical north ITCZ active region, while there is an anomalous easterly and insignificant change of SST from the equator to 15°S. The wind and SST anomalies share the same characteristics of the equatorial asymmetry and thus enlarge the gradient between the south and north of equator, which would help reinforce convection in the north of equator and result in more frequent occurrence of the northern type of ITCZ.     

开平市1960—2012年灰霾的气候变化特征

根据开平气象观测站1960—2012年观测资料,采用滑动平均、线性趋势分析等统计方法,分析了开平市近53年灰霾的气候变化特征。结果表明,开平市年平均灰霾日数为21.1 d,年最多132 d,年最少0 d,总体呈上升趋势,上升速率为1.72 d/年,特别是2000年以来年灰霾日上升趋势最为显著,上升速率达10.01 d/年。其中,20世纪80年代中后期、90年代中期和21世纪初是3个明显的上升阶段,21世纪以来,年平均灰霾日数58.4 d,是20世纪80年代平均值的近17倍。开平市灰霾以轻微为主,比例达57.6%,其次是轻度,比例为22.6%。另外,采用日均值、14：00实测值判别法得到的开平市灰霾日整体变化趋势与人工记录较一致,但3种方法统计的多年平均灰霾日相差较大,其中,日均值法计算的多年平均霾日数较14：00实测值法多13.8 d。     

Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪观测较强降水的可行性分析和建议

为了研究OTT-Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪(简称Parsivel)在较强降水观测中应用的可行性,用南京地区2012年6—7月份4个典型的降水个例,对Parsivel和SL3-1翻斗式雨量计(简称雨量计)的累积降水量、降水强度观测资料进行对比分析,并与人工雨量筒观测作以比较。结果表明:Parsivel测值是可信的,在累积降水量观测上,与雨量计具有很好的相关性,但测值始终偏高,该现象主要是粒子相互遮挡造成的。雨量计的反应时间,明显滞后于Parsivel。雨量计测值接近人工测值;而Parsivel与人工测值的偏差明显大于雨量计。结合实验分析与业务应用,提出3点使用建议:(1)仪器应架设在无遮蔽物的开阔地带。(2)采样周期应随着降水强度(地理位置)的不同而改变。(3)对降水微物理参量特征以及粒子谱分析时,可剔除直径过大、速度很低的粒子。     

江淮入梅前后气象因子变化特征及预报着眼点探析

针对2010年江淮地区入梅日预报偏差情况,利用2010年6—7月高低空实况资料和NCEP再分析资料,分析了入梅前后湿度、经向风、地转西风急流的变化特征,并结合1985—2005年21 a历史平均状况和近几年的变化特征,分析了江淮地区入梅前后气象因子变化的规律性、普遍性,丰富了江淮地区入梅预报着眼点。研究发现:有些年份地转西风急流从30°N以南北跳到30~37.5°N区域,对江淮地区进入梅雨期有很好的预示作用,且其稳定维持,有利于江淮梅雨期降水的持续。70%湿度区北跳到30°N的时间及持续时间对江淮地区入梅日的预报和梅雨期长度有着较好的指示作用。在30~35°N区域内v850 hPa-v200 hPa风速差值的突然增大和江淮地区入梅有着较好对应关系。这为梅雨的预报提供了新的思路和方法。     

XX盆地低渗储层束缚水饱和度计算方法研究

束缚水饱和度的大小是划分油气层与水层的重要依据之一.在岩石物理实验的基础上,分析影响束缚水饱和度大小的各种因素,利用彼此之间的关系求取束缚水饱和度的大小.以XX盆地低渗储层为例,分析低渗储层束缚水饱和度的特点,建立了束缚水饱和度与孔隙度、渗透率、气柱高度等的模型,应用到实际资料中,检验各种模型的适用性与准确性,取得了较好的效果.     

靠球减震系统在导管架平台中的应用

导管架生产储油平台在油轮靠泊和外输期间,如遇风浪天气,平台的晃动非常明显,为此引入橡胶靠球减震系统。运用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立导管架生产储油平台的真实有限元模型,计算平台在靠船碰撞力和波浪力共同作用下平台关键点位置应力变化及振动响应过程,为靠球减震系统在实际工程中应用提供理论依据。     

莱州湾东岸三山岛段砂质海岸沉积物运移动力机制

通过对三山岛岸段冬夏重复的地形测量和表层沉积物的粒度分析,研究了其地貌特征与地形变化规律、沉积物类型、粒度特征、运移趋势,并探讨了沉积物运移的动力机制。结果表明:该岸段可根据1985黄海高程-1.2m(低潮水位)和-6.5m(闭合深度)平面划分为海滩、水下岸坡和浅海陆架三个地貌单元,各地貌单元表层沉积物分布规律与地形变化特征区别显著。其中水下岸坡和浅海陆架地貌单元主要受潮流作用,海滩地貌单元主要受波浪作用。在西向落潮流和西南向潮余流的作用下,水下岸坡地貌单元发育一个中等规模潮流通道-沙脊沉积系统。表层沉积物以向西运移的趋势为主,少数滞留于西部潮流沙脊处,与地形"东侵西淤"的变化规律相符,这些西向运移的沉积物最终离开研究区,补给莱州浅滩。