用人工神经网络进行空间不完备数据的插补

在地学研究中,特别是区域性资料处理过程中,常常遇到“不完备数据”的问题,即所谓的“数据不全”。在尽量减小估计误差的条件下对缺失数据进行预测或插补,对于充分利用历史资料和已知信息,提高预测质量具有重要意义。利用径向基人工神经网络(RBF)同时具有自组织神经网络和回归网络的优点,可以对缺失数据进行预测。实际区域地球化学数据处理的结果表明,RBF网络对空间不完备数据的建模和预测具有优异的效果。     

SHORT COMMUNICATION DYNAMIC HEADSPACE ANALYSIS:OPTIMIZATION OF TITRATION BY EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

The dynamic headspace titration of the volatile constituents of the black truffle(Tuber Melanosporum)isplanned to be carried out with the new gas chromatographic device DCI using Tenax trapping.In thispaper the necessary optimization of the experimental factors which influence the desorption of thevolatiles from the sample and the adsorption on the trap is carried out by experimental design.The studyof the isoresponse curves makes it possible to determine the optimum conditions for a rapid titration ofhighest sensitivity and reproducibility,avoiding water trapping.     

Stable Nitrogen Isotopes in Fish: Literature Synthesis on the Influence of Ecotonal Coupling

Stable nitrogen isotopes have customarily been used to delineate trophic position with only infrequent regard to source variability. A compilation of literature data supports a previous tentative hypothesis that marine fish are enriched in¹⁵N relative to those inhabiting freshwaters. Estuarine and anadromous fish were also confirmed to have intermediate δ¹⁵N values depending on their respective time spent feeding in either fresh- or salt water. The use of fish δ¹⁵N as a measure of continental-marine coupling in complex coastal environments will therefore provide additional support for analyses based on the more traditionally utilized isotopes δ³⁴S or δ¹³C.     

Chemical Indicator of Spinel During Partial Melting and Subsolidus Equilibration of Mantle Peridotite:Experimental Study and Application to Natural Rocks

Systematic experimental studies on partial melting and subsolidus equilibration of three reconstituted spinel-peridotites have been carried out at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1380℃ and pressures of 1.0 and 1.5 GPa. The results shows (1) during partial melting, Mg# [=Mg/(Mg+Fe)]and Cr# [=Cr/(Cr-Al)]of spinel increase with an increase in degrees of melting) (2) during subsolidus equilibration, with increasing temperatures, Mg# of spinel increases but Cr# of spinel remains almost unchanged in dunite and increases slightly in Iherzolite and harzburgite. The negative and quasi-linear Mg# -Cr# correlation of spinel represents an isotherm of total non-equilibrium. The same results have been obtained by means of mathematical modelling. It is also proved by Mg# -Cr# correlation of spinel in natural peridotites. As a result of the spinel subsolidus equilibration, only variation of Cr# of spinel is limited, and then Cr# of spinel can be used to estimate the relative degree of melting undergone by host rocks     

Hydrogen Isotopic Compositions of Pyroxenes in Nushan Peridotite Xenoliths,SE China

Hydrogen isotopic compositions of pyroxenes in peridotite xenohths from the Nushan volcano, Anhui Province, SE China have been obtained using an ion probe (Cameca 1270). D/H ratios are constant within a single grain and among the different grains from the same sample. The lack of correlation between the D/H ratios and the hydrogen contents indicates that the hydrogen isotopic compositions are inherited from their mantle source. Combining with the δD values of coexisting amphiboles, it is inferred that the Nushan mantle experienced at least a two-stage metasomatic event.One was responsible for formation of amphiboles with extremely variable δD values, and the other was probably responsible for the high δD values (up to -20‰) of some clinopyroxenes from peridotites, clinopyroxene and mica megacrysts. High δD values point to a subduction-related fluid being involved in one metasomatic event. The primary δD values (-90‰ to -140‰) of the Nushan pyroxenes, together with data gleaned from the literature, suggest that the D/H ratios of the nominally anhydrous mineral reservoir might have differed from that of the other mantle hydrogen in being relatively depleted in D.     

巢湖北部地区海相地层黏土矿物特征及其地质意义

对巢湖北部地区以碳酸盐岩为主的寒武系—下三叠统海相地层的黏土矿物分析及伊利石结晶度测定的结果表明:伊利石是本区海相地层的主体矿物,平均体积分数为73%。黏土矿物的成岩转化特征表现为蒙皂石的伊利石化。按照伊利石结晶度的成岩-浅变质程度划分,本区寒武系—下三叠统的成岩作用已达到最高成岩阶段。伊利石结晶度的纵向变化总体上可分为上、下两部分:下部寒武系至志留系的结晶度为0.41～0.60°Δ2θ,结晶度与埋深具有一定的相关性,成岩作用是下部地层黏土矿物特征的主控因素;上部泥盆系至下三叠统的结晶度为0.45～0.77°Δ2θ,呈波动变化,蒙皂石连续出现,地层没有被显著埋藏,沉积因素是上部地层黏土矿物特征的主控因素。下三叠统地层中蒙皂石的分布特征以及上泥盆统五通组顶部高岭石的普遍富集具有重要的古气候研究意义。     

Adjusting chlorophyll-a estimates through temporal weighting based on the seasonal development of phytobiomass

North-temperate lakes have been shown to progress through a general cycle of chlorophyll-a phenology. Because estimates of seasonal means are often based on only a few samples collected against this variable background, these estimates can be biased or uncertain. Our goal was to reduce the seasonal uncertainty and thereby produce more accurate estimates of chlorophyll concentration by defining a correction for phenological development. Time-series data from 149 lake-years were used to develop equations from which chlorophyll values could be corrected to the seasonal mean in relation to their particular date of measurement. However, we found the seasonal correction to be ineffectual in reducing uncertainty about nutrient-response regressions. After reviewing a number of hypotheses, we conclude that the correction derived from the average response for many lakes will be inadequate to adjust for the seasonal pattern occurring within any particular lake. This occurs because the temporal weighting correction, generated through repeated averaging, underestimates the seasonal variability which exists among individual lakes. An effective correction, if it is developed will have to be based on patterns within single lakes or possibly different lakes within a single region.     

First XMM-Newton observations of strongly magnetic cataclysmic variables – I. Spectral studies of DP Leo and WW Hor

We present an analysis of the X-ray spectra of two strongly magnetic cataclysmic variables, DP Leo and WW Hor, made using XMM-Newton . Both systems were in intermediate levels of accretion. Hard optically thin X-ray emission from the shocked accreting gas was detected from both systems, while a soft blackbody X-ray component from the heated surface was detected only in DP Leo. We suggest that the lack of a soft X-ray component in WW Hor is owing to the fact that the accretion area is larger than in previous observations with a resulting lower temperature for the re-processed hard X-rays. Using a multi-temperature model of the post-shock flow, we estimate that the white dwarf in both systems has a mass greater than 1 M_⊙. The implications of this result are discussed. We demonstrate that the 'soft X-ray excess' observed in many magnetic cataclysmic variables can be partially attributed to using an inappropriate model for the hard X-ray emission.