省市县第三轮矿产资源规划编制进展及思考—以山东省为例

矿产资源规划是国家规划体系的重要专项规划,是落实国家资源安全战略的重要手段,是各级人民政府依法管理和保护矿产资源的指导性文件,其主要规划目标纳入同级国民经济与社会发展规划中实施,具有战略性、政策性和可操作性。2014年,山东省同步启动省、市、县矿产资源规划编制工作,截至目前,省级规划和部分市级规划已经发布实施,其余市县正在有序发布实施中。该轮规划编制的难点主要表现在规划基础研究、规划衔接、勘查开发区块设置等方面,存在的主要问题有基础研究较为薄弱、各级规划之间的衔接不够、保护区划定困难、区块设置待优化、政策措施针对性不强、编制人员和审查专家水平需提升、编制周期过长等。提出了全面加强规划基础研究,进一步加强规划编制的衔接,加强开采总量调控研究,加强勘查开采区块设置,开展规划培训工作,加快编制进度等建议。     

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ABAQUS的二次开发及在土石坝静、动力分析中的应用

利用UMAT子程序,在ABAQUS中开发了用于静力分析的邓肯非线性弹性模型和用于动力分析的等效线性模型,丰富了ABAQUS软件的材料库;针对土石坝的分级填土施工、新填土层的位移修正、土石坝蓄水后的浸水湿化效应、坝体材料的液化判别和地震永久变形计算等土石坝分析中的特定问题在ABAQUS中的实现提出了相应的解决方案。算例的计算结果合理可靠,表明经二次开发后ABAQUS可用于土石坝的静、动力分析,从而可利用ABAQUS前后处理方便、计算精度高和模拟复杂问题能力强的优点,为土石坝分析提供一种可供选择的手段。     

Verification of Parameters of Major Historical Earthquakes in the North Yellow Sea

Based on existing historical data and observations from the Dalian seismic station,this paper rechecks the parameters of the three historical earthquakes of 1916,1917 and 1944 in the North Yellow Sea,near the Yalu River region.The results show that their relocated epicenters are located at contemporarily intense seismic active zones,consistent with the results derived from the data of the Dalian seismic station.The results are valuable in both revising earthquake catalogues and understanding the local background seismicity.     

Analysis of the Winter Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Activity and Its Synoptic Background in China during 2010-20

Cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning data and the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset are analyzed to gain insight into the spatiotemporal distribution and synoptic background of winter-season CG flashes between December 2010 and February 2020 in China.We identify three Winter Lightning Frequent Areas(WLAs):the southwest side of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(WLA1),the east side of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(WLA2),and the Poyang Lake Plain(WLA3).The CG lightning flashes most frequently occur at local midnight and have a monthly peak in February.The CG lightning in WLA1 is mostly generated in non-frontal weather;however,the lightning in WLA2 and WLA3 mostly occurs in frontal systems.The frontal circulation situation is divided into four typical types:transversal trough after high pressure,low vortex,confrontational convergence,and asymptotic convergence.In all typical weather patterns,the lightning occurs downstream of a 500 hPa trough and is accompanied by a southwesterly low-level jet.The convective parameters of winter thunderstorms differ greatly from those of summer thunderstorms.The maximum convective available potential energy(MCAPE)and K-index(KI)are more useful metrics than convective available potential energy(CAPE)and Showalter index(SI)during winter.This study further deepens the understanding of the distribution characteristics of winter CG lightning in China,which motivates further research to improve the ability of winter thunderstorm prediction.     

节理泊松圆盘模型直径分布推断的解析方法

节理圆盘直径分布是节理网络模拟中的重要参数之一。在节理为Poisson圆盘的假设下,根据三维齐次Poisson点过程的数学特征,给出迹长分布概率密度函数的多项式形式和相应的约束条件;对Warburton提出的迹长分布概率密度函数和节理直径分布概率密度函数关系公式进行Santalo变换,推导了多项式形式的迹长分布所对应的直径分布概率密度函数的解析解,并采用Priest给出的解析解验证其正确性;根据概率密度函数的性质,给出了直径分布概率密度函数定义域的推断方法。编制节理网络模拟程序,采用Monte Carlo方法验证节理Poisson圆盘直径分布概率密度函数解析解的正确性和直径分布概率密度函数定义域推断方法的适用性。     

滇西重力场动态趋势变化与断层运动

以绝对重力做控制,对滇西网1985—2010年流动重力资料进行统一平差处理,平均点值精度为12×10 ^-8 ms^-2 /a;单点重力时变曲线主要呈现出季节性的上下波动和长期性的上升或下降趋势运动,部分点重力动态变化与丽江7.0级地震孕育过程相吻合;基于长期观测的重力场年变化率反映了重力场在一段时期内的趋势性变化：1985—1995年和1996—2003年年变化率图像可能反映丽江7.0级地震前后能量的累积、释放和调整,2003年以后剑川断裂、鹤庆 洱源断裂和红河断裂北段附近重力值上升速度均超过10×10 ^-8 ms^-2/a;基于初始断裂运动模型正演模拟的滇西重力场年变化率图像与实测图像非常相似,说明断裂运动对重力场趋势性变化有重要贡献;基于长期观测的重力场年变化率反演的滇西主要活动断裂年错动量与地质上给出的结果相仿,基本上反映了各断裂的活动性质。     

Microbial roles equivalent to geological agents of high temperature and pressure in deep Earth

Microbes not only show sensitive responses to environmental changes but also play important roles in geochemical and geophysical systems. It is well known that microbes have caused major changes in surface environments and biogeochemical cycles through Earth history. Microbial processes can also induce the synthesis of certain minerals under Earth-surface conditions that previously were believed to form only under high temperatures and pressures in the deep Earth. For example, microbes can promote the conversion of smectite to illite, synthesis of authigenic plagioclase, precipitation of dolomite, and biotransformation of geolipids. These effects of microbes are due to their large surface/volume ratios, enzyme production, and abundant functional groups. Microbial catalyzation of chemical reactions proceeds through reaction-specific enzymes, a decrease in Gibbs’s free energy, and/or break through the dynamics reaction thresholds via their metabolisms and physiology. Microbes can lower the surface free energy of mineral nuclei via biophysical adsorption due to their large surface/volume ratios and abundant functional groups. The mineral precipitation and transformation processes induced by microbes are functionally equivalent to geological processes operating at high temperatures and pressures in the deep Earth, suggesting that microbial processes can serve as analogs to deep abiotic processes that are difficult to observe.     

基于离散单元法研究沉管复合地基水平工作特性

通过颗粒流模拟,建立了沉管复合地基水平受荷时的离散元模型,对桩在水平荷载作用下的受力性状进行了研究.分析了土体位移场变化规律和应力变化等宏观因素,以及土颗粒力链、配位数和孔隙率等细观参数.由模拟结果可知：竖向荷载作用下沉管在水平方向移动时,垫层颗粒受到扰动,当增加竖向荷载,沉管底部土体受扰动范围变小,可知增加竖向荷载使桩间土的挤密作更显著,对降低土体扰动有较明显的效果;通过对桩顶土颗粒中强力链在沉管水平位移影响下的发展趋势研究知道,土体颗粒体系内力链并不是不变的,强弱力链之间可以相互转换.     

碎石土滑坡渗流系统特征及防治措施研究

碎石土滑坡由于内部含有大量的碎块石,容易形成架空结构,使其内部拥有独特的渗流系统。不同结构的碎石土形成的渗流通道不同,导致滑坡体的失稳情形也各不相同,因此,针对性的防治措施也难于制定。福建省安溪县岩山角落滑坡具有多元结构碎石土滑坡的特征。在对碎石土滑坡进行物探、钻探、水位监测等多重手段整体勘测的基础上,利用SketchUp软件进行建模分析,获取了多元结构碎石土滑坡渗流系统与滑坡物质结构在空间上的关系,并对两类渗流系统的变形敏感性和降雨敏感性进行对比。结果显示,粗石状碎石土区域以集中渗流为主,假斑状碎石土区域以管网状渗流为主,前者对降雨的敏感性较后者高,而受渗流通道的整体强度和渗流稳定性的影响,前者对于滑坡变形的敏感性要低于后者。基于上述分析,确定采用抗滑桩和排水盲沟等工程措施进行治理,根据地下水监测数据和现场验证,治理效果良好,可供其他类似滑坡防治工程提供借鉴与参考。