福建尤溪梅仙龙北溪组变质火山岩的Sm—Nd同位素年龄研究

作者利用 Sm-Nd 同位素方法,对尤溪梅仙地区龙北溪组变质火山岩的成岩时代进行研究,获得了1599±88Ma 的 Sm-Nd 等时线年龄。研究结果表明,该区龙北溪组变质火山岩既不是震旦纪的也不是晚元古代的,而是中元古代火山喷发作用的产物,古火山活动与裂谷坳陷有一定的联系。     

更多的证据表明厄尔尼诺现象与地震活动性有关

在1988年就有迹象表明,1964至1987年间南太平洋区振荡指数(SOI)五个极小值跟南纬20°至40°沿东太平洋洋脊(EPR)的间歇性地震活动相关。这个地区是地球上扩张最快的众多洋脊之一(图1),该处巨大能量通过海底火山和热液活动释放出来。现在另一次厄尔尼诺(南部振荡)期可能快要结束,此刻正是补充检验地震活动及南太平洋区振荡指数值的时侯。观察到的巧合往往是发现(新事物)的前提,并促使我们加倍注意对可用资料的再检查。尽管厄尔尼诺和震群这两类不同现象各自的复现期和持续时间均不规则,     

A nested rediscretization method to improve pathline resolution by eliminating weak sinks representing wells

This paper discusses a method for overcoming the problem of weak sinks representing wells that result from spatial discretization effects when using MODPATH, the particle-tracking postprocessor for the ground water flow model MODFLOW. Weak sink cells are model cells that represent a well that does not discharge at a sufficiently large rate to capture all of the flow entering the cell; therefore, flowpaths within these cells cannot be uniquely defined because it is impossible to know whether a given water particle discharges to the well or passes through the cell. Creating a submodel of the well cell by using the nested rediscretization method can eliminate this ambiguity by converting the weak sink cell into a strong sink cell. The method is designed to be run manually for each well and for steady-state conditions. Other advantages, disadvantages, technical considerations, and limitations of the method are presented. Software created for the method consists of five Fortran programs that are operated using a set of instructions. A practical application of the method is presented by using an example wellhead-protection problem that demonstrates that nested rediscretization can provide more accurate particle-tracking results than those obtained by using a coarsely discretized model alone.     

Spatial differences in persistent organochlorine pollutant concentrations between the Bering and Chukchi Seas (1993)

During August-September 1993, a joint Russian-United States expedition to the Bering and Chukchi Seas took place. Surface water samples were collected from 21 sites and separated into dissolved (duplicates) and suspended solids; 19 sediment and 6 air samples were also collected. These samples were analysed for 19 organochlorine pesticides, 11 chlorobenzenes and 113 PCB congeners. The report provides data on selected compounds which occured in > or = 75% of the water samples. Highest water concentrations were observed for HCH in open waters north and south of the Bering Strait, both regions being similar (alpha-HCH; 2.2 ng/L and lindane: 0.35 ng/L). Air levels observed were also constant (alpha-HCH; 0.041 ng/m3, lindane: 0.0093 ng/m3). Suspended solids and air particulares contributed little to the concentrations in their respective media, an observation common to all analytes except for the PCBs and the DDT residues. The sum of PCB concentrations in water were higher in the Bering Sea area compared to the Chukchi Sea (1.0 vrs 0.67 ng/L) and lower for air (0.46 vrs 0.23 ng/m3). Sum of DDT in water was higher in the Bering Sea than in the Chukchi Sea (0.23 vrs 0.15 ng/L) while in sediments and air, the Bering Sea concentrations were lower (0.95 vrs 1.6 ng/g and 36 vrs 56 pg/m3, respectively). Other organochlorine compounds for which data are presented include: pp'-DDE, pp'-DDT, dieldrin, HCB, 3 chlorobenzenes and 3 PCB congeners. Fluxes of all these chemicals through the Berin Strait are estimated; they ranged from 57 t/a (alpha-HCH) through 26 t/a (for sum of PCBs) to 0.2 t/a (pp'-DDE, dieldrin and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene). Fugacity ratios for the HCHs and PCBs indicate the alpha-HCH is degassing in both the Bering and Chukchi Seas and that the gamma-isomer is degassing in the Bering Sea and is close to equilibrium (weakly absorbing) in the Chuchi Sea; the sum of PCBs are strongly absorbing in both areas.     

地热资源与开发地热研讨

著者以发生学、生态学的观点阐述了地热资源特有的双重性，这是对地热资源评估的基础，指出了热源、热储、热力、蓄层间相依共存的密切关系。对开发地热提出的对策建议是立足资源，面向市场，因地制宜、优质优用，滚动开发，注重综合效益。     

美国国家气象中心33年定量降水预报的评估

１９９６年美国国家气象中心开始实施定量降水预报和深入的ＱＰＦ检验方案。这些ＱＰＦ产品从一个依靠广泛预报经验的人工方法演变到更多依靠对数值模式的解释和修正的方法。     

合理利用太阳辐射能夺取早稻高产稳产的对策研究

影响早稻产量的因素中，太阳辐射能是最基本的气候因子。本文就太阳辐射能及其时间分布与早稻各个生长期的关系，找出本省早稻产量偏低的气候原因。