Numerical Modelling of Geochemical Behaviour of Fluoride in the Shallow Groundwater Systems

The Xingtai piedmont plain in Hebei Province is a representative area in northern China where endemic fluorosis is serious and shallow high-F ground water is distributed. In this paper, the area is selected as a typical study area, and on the basis of large amounts of field work and the experiments, through groundwater geochemical modelling and by applying the theory and method of the coupled model of hydrodynamic transport and chemical reactions in a multicomponent system, the author performed numerical modelling of the geochemical behaviour of fluoride in a shallow groundwater system, quantitatively studied the hydrodynamic transport and chemical reaction of fluorine migration, transformation and concentration in a water-heterogeneous unsaturated soil system under the conditions of meteoric water infiltration and quantitatively determined the speciation of fluorine and the saturation state and dissolution/precipitation trend of various solid precipitates in shallow high-F groundwater, thus deepening t     

鼎湖山亚热带森林土壤有机质^14C年龄初步研究

对鼎湖山亚热带森林土壤有机质（SOM）放射性碳进行了核爆效应校正。各层位年龄值与土壤深度呈线性递减,成壤过程是连续的,也是全新世时期的产物。五棵松剖面和坑口剖面成壤速率分别为0．0233cm／a和00488cm／a。成壤速率的差异可以用微地形和植被等主要因素的不同来解释。红壤有机物由活跃和稳定两种组分组成,其分解速率分别为0.25—0．57a-1和1．51×10－3—18×10-3a-1,平均滞留时间分别为1．8—4.0a和556-667a。     

Distribution of Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes in theSequence Stratigraphic Framework of the Middle andUpper Proterozoic in the Ming Tombs Area, Beijing

This paper discusses the distribution pattern and geological significance of the carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) in the depositional sequences of Gaoyuzhuangian, Yangzhuangian and Wumishanian ages of the established Middle and Upper Proterozoic sequence stratigraphic framework in the Ming Tombs area lying in western Yanshan Mountain of Beijing. Besides, sketchy determination of δ13C and δ18O was also performed for other formations and members. The analytical results show the following: under the condition of clear-water carbonate sediments, δ13C and δ18O, featuring smaller variation of δ13C but larger variation of δ18O, can well delineate the relative change of sea level, which reflects the difference of primary sedimentary settings; in the presence of terrigenous substances, δ13C values vary greatly while δ18O slightly; the carbon and oxygen isotopes show marked changes at sequence boundaries. Besides, particular patterns can be found in regard to the distribution of carbon and oxy     

濮城油田沙三中6-10油藏活性纳米粉体降压增注技术研究

濮城油田沙三中6-10油藏为低渗油藏,因注入水质差,造成对地层的伤害,注水压力不断上升。通过分析造成地层伤害的主要因素,为控制注水压力的上升,提出了活性纳米降压增注技术,并在室内进行了研究,从活性材料选择、表面修饰剂选择、分散介质选择以及纳米粉体水分散最佳浓度进行了室内筛选,指出了纳米酸化技术的可行性。在室内研究的基础上,在现场开展了10口井活性纳米技术的应用,取得了良好的效果。     

Morphology and distribution of the marine diatom Azpeitia africana (Janisch ex A. Schmidt) G. Fryxell & T. P. Watkins in the South China Sea

The purpose of the present paper is to study the morphological structure and variability of Azpeitia africana and to determine its geographical distribution in the surface sediments of the South China Sea(SCS). Sediment samples were collected with grabs or box corers in one cruise in 2001 and two cruises in 2007. The sampling stations were located between 3°56.61′–20°59.37′N and 108°30.68′–116°46.70′E,where the water depth ranged from 72 m to 4 238 m. The diatom was observed by phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microscopical observation showed that A. africana had circular valves with the areolar lines radiating from the eccentric ring. The central rimoportula had an external tube recessed on the edge of a central ring. The marginal rimoportulae were not evenly spaced, and they were positioned more closely together in one quadrant than in the others. Azpeitia africana is the most abundant diatom species in the southern region of the SCS, and accounted for 0.9%–5.6% of all diatom species in the Xisha Islands area. Average cell density of A. africana was 1.1×10~5 valves/g. The percentage abundance of A.africana was low(0%–2.5%) in the northern regions of the SCS and the Sunda Shelf, and it was not detected in the northwestern continental shelf(shallow water area) and northern Kalimantan Island shelf. Our results suggested that A. africana is a typical warm water species and that it could be used as an indicator of the warm Paci?c Ocean water, including the Kuroshio Current, ?owing into the SCS.     

偏振遥感的中性点大气纠正方法研究

地表物体具有较强的偏振特性, 因此可以作为偏振遥感的信息源。但是, 大气的偏振效应强于地表的偏振效应, 导致星载遥感器无法有效接收地表目标的偏振信息, 大气的起振与退偏效应成为偏振遥感对地表目标进行观测和应用的一个瓶颈问题。本文提出一种利用大气中性点对偏振遥感中地表偏振效应与大气偏振效应进行分离的方法, 通过天空中大气线偏振度为零的中性点区域进行对地观测, 目的是去除大气偏振作用, 进而最大限度地获取地表目标偏振信息。地面实验的结果验证了利用大气中性点进行大气纠正具有理论上的可行性。     

An analysis of urban spatial structure using comprehensive prominence of irregular areas

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new notion on prominent areas of a city defined by two types of comprehensive prominence for identifying urban spatial structure. Not only geometric attributes and topological attributes but also thematic attributes of irregular areas (e.g. districts of a city) are used to define these indices. In the paper, first the topological prominence related to geometric attributes such as size, location, and shape of areas is constructed by spatial weight matrix. Second, for finding comprehensive prominences, the principle axis factor model is adopted, and the first factor score is defined as the comprehensive prominence 1. Then, the proportion of thematic attributes of each area occupied in across the city is used to define the comprehensive prominence 2. Finally, we use these comprehensive prominences to extract some important regions in Matsudo City of Chiba Prefecture in Japan. The areas composing those regions show a high topological prominence, have a large population, have many offices, and are located around the train station.     

Diatom diet selectivity by early post-larval abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta under hatchery conditions

Benthic diatoms constitute the primary diet of abalone during their early stages of development. To evaluate the dietary preferences of early post-larval abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, we analyzed the gut contents of post-larvae that settled on diatom films. We compared the abundance and species diversity of diatom assemblages in the gut to those of the epiphytic diatom assemblages on the attachment films, and identified 40 benthic diatom species in the gut contents of post-larvae 12 to 24 d after settlement. The most abundant taxa in the gut contents were Navicula spp., Amphora copulate, and Amphora coffeaeformis. Navicula spp. accounted for 64.0% of the cell density. In the attachment films, we identified 110 diatom species belonging to 38 genera. Pennate diatoms were the dominant members including the species Amphiprora alata, Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Cylindrotheca closterium, Navicula sp. 2, and A. coffeaeformis. Nano-diatoms (<20 μm in length) accounted for a considerable proportion of the total species number and cell density of the diatom assemblages in the gut contents and on the films. This suggests that nano-diatoms are important to the efficient production of abalone seed. The difference of the composition and abundance of diatoms between in the guts and on the biofilms suggests that early post-larval grazing was selective. An early post-larval abalone preferred nano-diatoms and the genera Navicula and Amphora during the month after settlement.     

Tectonic Evolution of the Junggar Foreland Basin in the Late Carboniferous-Permian

A comprehensive study has been carried out to subdivide and correlate the Upper Carboniferous and Permian sedimentary successions in the Junggar basin based on outcrops and drilling and geophysical data. The study results, combined with geological analyses of the basin's periphery and the basement, as well as studies of the sedimentary rocks within the basin, the unconformities, tectonic geometry, kinematics and geodynamics, lead to the conclusion that the Junggar basin was characterized by the development of foreland basin systems during the Late Carboniferous and Permian. During that period, three foreland basin systems were developed: (1) the northwest foreland basin system, which trended nearly north-south from Mahu to the Chepaizi Palaeo-mountain during its early stage of development and thus it was also referred to as the west foreland basin system; (2) the Karamaili foreland basin system in the east and (3) the Northern Tianshan foreland basin system in the south. These systems are different in s     

基于Selfrag高压电脉冲放电破岩试验的仿真模拟

高压电脉冲破岩在高温等离子弧的作用下,产生的热应力超过岩石的强度极限时就会使岩石破碎,其破碎坚硬岩石有显著效果。为研究电压、岩石矿物成分、孔隙率3个参数对岩石内电场强度分布的影响,本文基于Selfrag高压电脉冲破岩的试验数据,利用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件建立了一种针针电极结构仿真模型。结果表明,施加的电压不同,岩石内部电场强度分布不同;电场在不同矿物成分边界发生畸变,不同矿物成分相对介电常数变化越大,产生畸变越明显,高压电脉冲破碎优先发生在不同矿物成分的接触面;岩石内孔隙的存在,使其周围的电场发生了畸变,其他参数一定,孔隙率越大,岩石越容易被电击穿。研究结论可为高压电脉冲钻井破岩参数的选取提供参考。