基于Selfrag高压电脉冲放电破岩试验的仿真模拟

高压电脉冲破岩在高温等离子弧的作用下,产生的热应力超过岩石的强度极限时就会使岩石破碎,其破碎坚硬岩石有显著效果。为研究电压、岩石矿物成分、孔隙率3个参数对岩石内电场强度分布的影响,本文基于Selfrag高压电脉冲破岩的试验数据,利用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件建立了一种针针电极结构仿真模型。结果表明,施加的电压不同,岩石内部电场强度分布不同;电场在不同矿物成分边界发生畸变,不同矿物成分相对介电常数变化越大,产生畸变越明显,高压电脉冲破碎优先发生在不同矿物成分的接触面;岩石内孔隙的存在,使其周围的电场发生了畸变,其他参数一定,孔隙率越大,岩石越容易被电击穿。研究结论可为高压电脉冲钻井破岩参数的选取提供参考。     

Parentage determination of black sea bream(Acanthopagrus schlegelii) for stock enhancement:effectiveness and loss of genetic variation

The stock enhancement programs for black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii have been conducted in China for a fewyears.However,little information has been reported concerning the effectiveness and genetic effect of black sea bream stock enhancement.In order to detect the contribution of released individuals in Zhujiang River Estuary(ZRE) and Daya Bay(DB),six microsatellite markers were used to identify the hatchery-released individuals.In addition,this pedigree of hatchery populations(broodfish and hatchery-released offspring) was traced to detect the number of effective parents(N_e),the inbreeding coefficient and the decrease of genetic variability in the reproduction.The pedigree reconstruction showed that at least 69(out of 93) broodfish had offspring.The estimated N_e was 54.8,consequently the inbreeding coefficient was 0.91%.The genetic diversity of hatchery-released offspring was lower than that in that of broodfish(heterozygosity alleles,0.727-0.774),some alleles(number of alleles,61-69) and genetic variance were lost during reproduction.It was observed that wild samples had higher levels of genetic diversity compared with hatchery populations as well as recaptured samples in releasing area.A total of 128 hatchery-released black sea bream were identified among 487 recaptured samples in ZRE,while a total of 15 samples were identified among 96 samples in DB.In summary,there was a high survival of released fish.Nevertheless,the results provided evidence to consider a loss of genetic variation in hatcheryreleased stock and a negative genetic effect of the stock enhancement.     

偏振遥感的中性点大气纠正方法研究

地表物体具有较强的偏振特性,因此可以作为偏振遥感的信息源。但是,大气的偏振效应强于地表的偏振效应,导致星载遥感器无法有效接收地表目标的偏振信息,大气的起振与退偏效应成为偏振遥感对地表目标进行观测和应用的一个瓶颈问题。本文提出一种利用大气中性点对偏振遥感中地表偏振效应与大气偏振效应进行分离的方法,通过天空中大气线偏振度为零的中性点区域进行对地观测,目的是去除大气偏振作用,进而最大限度地获取地表目标偏振信息。地面实验的结果验证了利用大气中性点进行大气纠正具有理论上的可行性。     

长江干流颗粒有机碳及其同位素组成的季节性输送特征

2007年夏季和冬季对长江干流悬浮物进行了季节性采样,系统分析了悬浮物颗粒有机碳含量及稳定碳同位素的组成,研究了其空间分布以及季节变化特征。结果显示,长江干流夏季颗粒有机碳含量在0．4％～1．3％,冬季含量在0．7%-2．2％。冬季和夏季颗粒有机碳平均δ^13C值分别为-24．74‰和～24．83‰,季节性差异不大,在...     

职住分离的度量方法与空间组织特征——以北京市轨道交通对职住分离的影响为例

基于问卷调查获取的万份调查数据,构建了以通勤时间/距离为基础数据的职住分离度量模型,即基于频数分布法的通勤时间/距离和基于不同时段/区段范围内居民分布结构的"职住分离强度指数".根据上述判别模型与计算结果,发现:①各样本区居民通勤时间普遍增加,城市外围区轨道交通沿线居民通勤时间多数集中在40分钟以上,自购居民的通勤时间...     

Long-term changes of phytoplankton community in Xiagu waters of Xiamen, China

Long-term changes of phytoplankton community by water sampling method in Xiagu Sea waters of Xiamen, China, were investigated in this study. Species composition of the phytoplankton community in these waters changed greatly since the 1950s. The numbers of Dinophyta species increased significantly, although Bacillariophyta species are generally dominant. The succession of dominant species in phytoplankton community is obvious:large-size dominant species such as Biddulphia sinensis of the 1950s were gradually replaced by small-size ones such as Cyclotella striata and Nitzschia closterium, and species that still maintain dominant such as Skeletonema costatum are also small ones, leading the whole phytoplankton community of smaller size. Cell density of phytoplankton community increased greatly, among which cell density of the most dominant species Skeletonema costatum have been increasing in exponent function. Margalef index of phytoplankton community decreased, indicating decline of biodiversity of the community, and dominant character of Skeletonema costatum increased. Generally, the structure of the entire phytoplankton community is becoming more and more singular and unstable, which makes the occurrence of red tides more frequent. The succession in the phytoplankton community is related to the long-term changes in marine environment, influenced by human activities and global climate changes, especially the increases of nutrient content.     

Mesozoic radiolarian chert from the middle sector of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone,Tibet and its tectonic implications

The middle sector of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone stretches over 200 km long from Ngamring through Geding to Rinbung, roughly along Yarlung Zangbo River valley (Fig. 1). This belt resulted from the closure of the Tethyan ocean and the collision be- tween Indian plate and Lhasa block[1―8]. Lots of works demonstrated that rifting of the Tethyan basin in southern Tibet started from Triassic time. Initial oce- anic crust appeared in the Late Jurassic, and then ex- perienced a rapid sprea…     

黄骅坳陷奥陶纪岩相古地理

黄骅坳陷地处埕宁隆起和沧县隆起之间，北与燕山褶皱带相连。区内奥陶系厚600～800m，主要由石灰岩和白云岩组成。下奥陶统分冶里组和亮甲山组，中奥陶统分下马家沟组、上马家沟组和峰峰组，上奥陶统缺失。下马家沟组、上马家沟组和峰峰组又分别分下段和上段。早奥陶世冶里期和亮甲山期，本区以局限海环境为主，其内散布着一些潮坪和滩。中奥陶世，本区岩相古地理显示出明显的沉积旋回，早马家沟期早期潮坪广布，晚期以局限海为主；晚马家沟期早期又是潮坪广布，晚期以开阔海为主；峰峰期早期潮坪广布，晚期又以开阔海为主。在奥陶纪，本区经历了4个大的海侵-海退旋回，其中晚马家沟期晚期是本区乃至整个华北地台的最大海侵期。     

爆炸荷载作用下中隔墩应力场的影响因素分析

针对影响中隔墩动应力分布的各种因素，包括中隔墩的宽度，力学参数，两侧岩体的爆破开挖顺序等，分别建立不同的有限元计算模型，利用ANSYS5．5．2有限元分析软件对中隔墩在爆炸荷载作用下的应力分布情况进行了计算,分析，还对沿中隔墩高程分布质点振速的放大效应进行了讨论，结果表明中隔墩的宽度，力学参数，两侧岩体的爆破开挖顺序对中隔墩的应力分布均有很大的影响，实际施工中应对这些因素进行严格控制，以确保中隔的安全与稳定。     

碳酸盐岩有机质赋存形式及成烃特征

在分析多种有机质赋存形式的基础上，探讨了塔里木盆地下古生界和南华北石炭系碳酸盐岩的各种有机质含量关系及其成烃演化特征。研究发现，一般操作条件下所得的沥青Ａ和尖青Ｃ并非真正意义的吸附有机质和包裹有机质。目前还无法将真正的包裹有机质从碳酸盐岩中分离出来，由于成熟度，排烃条件等的影响、碳酸盐岩中各种有机质含量的相关关系不明显，仅沥青Ａ和沥青Ｃ有比较差的正相关关系。