DNA分子标记技术在紫菜属中的应用现状及展望

伴随着遗传学的发展,遗传标记经历了形态学标记、细胞学标记、生化标记和DNA分子标记4个阶段。DNA分子标记诞生于20世纪80年代中期,与其他遗传标记相比,它具有如下优点：（1）直接以DNA的形式表现,在生物各个组织、各个发育阶段都可以检测到,不受季节、环境限制;（2）数量极多,遍及整个基因组;（3）多态性高,自然存在许多等位变异;（4）表现“中性”,既不影响目标性状的表达,与不良性状也没有必然的连锁;     

浒苔多糖的分级纯化及保湿活性研究

用DEAE-Sepharose FF离子交换凝胶层析柱对浒苔(Enteromorpha)多糖进行分级纯化,利用HPLC色谱分析了单糖组成,并以甘油和透明质酸为对照,研究其吸湿和保湿活性。结果表明,浒苔多糖主要为葡萄糖醛酸-鼠李糖-木糖-甘露糖聚合物;浒苔多糖主要由两种组分组成,其一组分木糖和鼠李糖含量摩尔比为1.11:1,另一组分木糖和鼠李糖含量比为1:3.28;浒苔多糖具有与透明质酸相似的吸湿和保湿能力。     

Computational identification and characterization of microRNAs and their targets in Penaeus monodon

Study on shrimp miRNAs was limited and just 7 mature miRNA sequences of Marsupenaeus japonicus are deposited in mir Base database. In this study, miRNAs and their target gene candidates were computationally identified from shrimp Penaeu s monodon and then experimentally validated. Using 39 908 expressed sequence tags(ESTs) and 21 124 genome survey sequences(GSSs) of P. monodon(pmo) as reference dataset, a comprehensive approach based on inter-species homolog search was employed to investigate the candidate miRNAs(i.e. pmo-miRNA). A total of eight miRNAs belonging to 7 families were computationally identified and five out of them were subsequently validated by PCR and sequencing. Of these, pmo-miR-4961a, pmo-miR-4961b, pmo-miR-4979 and pmo-miR-3819 were first identified from shrimps. Both the mature pmo-miRNAs and the corresponding precursors were conserved among different species. Based on perfect or near-perfect match to the target region, the target gene candidates of pmomiRNAs were predicted from 10 331 mRNA sequences of P. monodon. A total of 20 genes were predicted as the targets of pmo-miR-4961a, pmo-miR-4961b, pmo-miR-4979 and pmo-miR-6492. Experimental validation by dual luciferase reporter assay confi rmed the targeting between 3 pmo-miRNAs and one or two of their target genes, especially the pmo-miR-4979 which could significantly down-regulate the expression of target gene(JR226772). This study updates the miRNAs and their targets in P. monodon and lays a solid foundation for future RNAi study.     

一种红光增强型白光LED特性研究

通过对YAG:Ce3+荧光粉掺杂方案的改进,引入Pr3+离子,改善了荧光粉发光特性,使白光LED发光光谱在610 nm处出现发射峰,红光成分增强。通过1 400 h左右老化实验,荧光粉发射峰的2个主峰强度变化表明:当Pr3+浓度增大到一定程度,荧光粉稳定性下降;色度变化表明:2种配比荧光粉的LED色偏移量均0.015,具有很好的色度稳定性。     

汞、镉、硒对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参的单一毒性与联合毒性

在水温15.5-17.0℃的静水条件下,以Hg2+、Cd2和Se4+对刺参幼参进行了单一毒性和联合毒性实验.联合毒性实验采用等毒性配比法,并以Marking相加指数评价联合毒性效应.单一毒性实验结果表明,Hg2+、Cd2+、Se4+对刺参幼参急性毒性的96h半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为0.0912、4.6433和0.7413mg/L,三者对幼参的毒性大小依次为Hg2+>Se4+>Cd2+.Hg2+、Cd2+、Se4+对刺参幼参的最大容许质量浓度分别为0.0009、0.0464、0.0074mg/L.联合毒性实验结果表明,当Hg2+-Cd2+、Hg2+-Se4+以及Cd2+-Se4+分别以等毒性混合物共存时,它们对刺参幼参在24h、48h、72h和96h的联合毒性均为拮抗作用;当Hg2+-Cd2+-Se2+三者以等毒性混合共存时,它们对刺参幼参在24h、48h、72h和96h的联合毒性仍为拮抗作用.讨论了Hg2+、Cd2+、Se4+对刺参幼参联合毒性效应的机制.     

几种褐藻多糖硫酸酯的提取、成分分析及抗氧化活性研究

褐藻多糖硫酸酯是一种含有硫酸基的水溶性杂聚糖,其化学组成对抗氧化活性有较大的影响。本文对三种褐藻来源的褐藻多糖硫酸酯及其降解产物化学组成和抗氧化活性进行了研究,阐明了不同来源褐藻多糖硫酸酯体外抗氧化活性的构效关系。实验结果表明:1)分子量对抗氧化活性有较大影响,但是对不同褐藻来源的褐藻多糖硫酸酯的影响趋势并不一致。2)岩藻糖、硫酸基和糖醛酸含量对清除超氧阴离子自由基的影响与分子量有一定的关系。对于低分子量样品,岩藻糖和硫酸基含量与抗氧化活性成正相关。3)岩藻糖和硫酸根的比值对羟基自由基的清除能力有一定影响,比值越大,羟基自由基的清除能力越强。分子量、岩藻糖、硫酸基和糖醛酸的含量对褐藻多糖硫酸酯的抗氧化活性的影响依次减小。本研究为褐藻多糖硫酸酯在抗氧化剂保健品和功能食品中的应用提供了基础数据,也为裙带菜、羊栖菜和铜藻的高值化利用提供了理论依据。