Variation in Water Masses on Shelf of Northern Bering Sea in September 2016-2018

Abstract

Based on hydrological data obtained during the 7th to 9th Chinese National Arctic Research Expeditions in the summers of 2016–2018, the main water structure on the shelf of the northern Bering Sea and the volume and heat fluxes of the Bering Strait throughflow were analyzed. Distinct variability was identified in the three Pacific water masses feeding the strait - Anadyr Water (AW), Bering Shelf Water (BSW) and Alaskan coastal water (ACW). Overall, the temperature and salinity of the entire section increased each year, with 2018 showing significant anomalies, i.e., a temperature anomaly of up to 1?°C and a maximum salinity anomaly of 2. From 2016 to 2018, the extent of the ACW gradually narrowed in the eastern part of this section, while the AW expanded eastward each year. The net volume transport through each of the three sections increased poleward from 1.65?Sv to 2.76?Sv, with the AW increasing from 0?Sv to 1.03?Sv, the BSW varying between 0.52–1.65?Sv, and the ACW gradually decreasing from 1.04?Sv to disappearing completely. The net heat fluxes were also poleward, varying between 25.77 TW and 61.50 TW, and showing a significant increase. Significant variations in magnitude and extent were observed in each water mass of the Bering Strait throughflow, which could produce widespread effects in the Arctic Ocean and the global ocean beyond.     

Ice-Induced Fatigue Analysis by Spectral Approach for Offshore Jacket Platforms with Ice-Breaking Cones

The spectral methods and ice-induced fatigue analysis are discussed based on Miner's linear cumulative fatigue hypothesis and S-N curve data.According to the long-term data of full-scale tests on the platforms in the Bohai Sea,the ice force spectrum of conical structures and the fatigue environmental model are established.Moreover,the finite element model of JZ20-2MSW platform,an example of ice-induced fatigue analysis,is built with ANSYS software.The mode analysis and dynamic analysis in frequency domain under all kinds of ice fatigue work conditions are carried on,and the fatigue life of the structure is estimated in detail.The methods in this paper can be helpful in ice-induced fatigue analysis of ice-resistant platforms.     

Model Test Study of Dynamic Ice Force on Compliant Conical Structures

To study ice-induced vibration of a compliant conical structure,a series of model tests were performed from 2004 to 2005.In the tests,the ice sheet before the compliant conical structure was found to fail in two-time breaking.From 2005 to 2006,this type of ice failure was studied through more groups of tests.The tests show that two-time breaking is the typical failure of ice before steep conical structures,and is controlled by other factors at the same time,such as ice speed and the angle of the cone.     

深海观测平台技术

介绍了深海观测平台的重要性,以及国内外在此项技术上的发展现状,并提出了一套深海观测平台技术的设计构想以及对于未来发展方向的建议和展望。     

"有序样品的Fisher聚类"对中华绒螯蟹渔获物的分析

为探讨河蟹生长特点以及渔获物与放养规格的关系，用有序样品的Fish聚类分析法首次对中华绒螯蟹的渔获物组成进行分析。结果显示，黄河三角洲广南水库沉砂池2000年河蟹渔获物可以分为3个群体，与其放养的3个不同规格群体相对应；据此推算了不同放养规格的回捕率；并对雌、雄生长和性成熟的差异以及合理的放养规格进行了探讨。     

高精度实验室盐度计测量结果的不确定度分析

为了使高精度实验室盐度计的检定、校准工作更加科学、准确、合理,在此对高精度实验室盐度计验收过程进行分析,然后根据数据处理规则和JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对测量结果的不确定度进行了详细的分析和评定。     

AUTOSAL 8400B实验室盐度计的检测方法

盐度是海洋水文监测中一个重要被测参量,高质量盐度数据的重要性已经在远海调查和近海调查中被认知。大部分的盐度监测数据是通过现场多参数监测仪器(如CTD)获取的,而实验室盐度测量依然是获得高精度盐度数据的有效方法。AUTOSAL 8400B实验室盐度计是加拿大Guildline仪器公司研制开发的一种高精度的测量海水电导率比值的仪器,其测盐最大允许误差可达到±0.002 psu,经常被用于标准海水的定值和CTD仪器的校准。我国国内引进了不少该型仪器,为了把好其质量关,国家海洋标准计量中心研发了一套对该仪器进行科学的检测的方法。     

冲绳海槽北部西坡的古三角洲沉积

自20世纪70年代我国开展东海海洋地质调査以来,在海底经常能发现河流、河口沉积物以及与水道相似的负地形、称为古河道、古三角洲或古河口等(李全兴,1990；金翔龙,1992；石斯器等,1989；秦蕴珊等、1987)第四纪气候频繁波动，造成陆架上尤其是外陆架上陆相地层与海相地层频繁交替,因此有不同时期的古三角洲和古河道保留,沉溺的古河道在我国陆架海底的不少地区均有发现。由于海底沉积作用的不均衡性,埋藏较浅的沉溺河谷从地形特征上依稀可辨,埋藏较深的在海底表面则渺无踪迹,只有借助于高分辦率的地球物理测量,才能发现其踪迹。 晚更新世末期，长江、黄河是否流经东海陆架区进入冲绳海槽,虽有不少作者论述,但终因缺少系统的实测资料而未取得共识。长江、黄河在历史上每年向大海输入巨量泥沙,加快了海淤积和推进速度,但古长江三角洲也应该是体积大、构造特征明显的大型堆积体,然而至今尚未有这方面的报道。 作者对冲绳海槽北部进行大面积高分辨率浅地层剖面分析中,发现在陆架外缘坡折线附近,近海底表面处存在大面积斜层理三角洲沉积结构,这为晚更新世末期以来自我国的大河(黄河/长江)从冲绳海槽入海提供了新的证据。     

气候变化中海洋和冰冻圈的变化、影响及风险

本文系统梳理了IPCC 《气候变化中的海洋和冰冻圈特别报告》(SROCC)的主要结论,并对主要观点进行了解读。报告主要关注全球变暖背景下高山、极地、海洋和沿海地区现在和未来的变化及其对人类和生态系统的影响,以及实现气候适应发展路径的方案。在全球变暖背景下,冰冻圈大面积萎缩,冰川冰盖质量损失,积雪减少,北极海冰范围和厚度减小,多年冻土升温,全球海洋持续增温,1993年以来,海洋变暖和吸热速度增加了一倍以上。同时,海洋表面酸化加剧,海洋含氧量减少。全球平均海平面呈加速上升趋势,2006—2015年全球海平面上升速率为3.6 mm/yr,是1901—1990年的2.5倍,但存在区域差异。高山、极地和海洋的生态系统的物种组成、分布和服务功能均发生变化,并对人类社会产生了显著负面影响。极端海洋气候事件发生频率增多,强度加大。1982年以来,全球范围内海洋热浪的发生频率增加了一倍,且范围更广,持续时间更长。海平面持续上升加剧了洪涝、海水入侵、海岸侵蚀等海岸带灾害,并影响沿海生态系统。海洋及冰冻圈的变化及其影响在未来一定时期仍将持续,应对这些影响而面临的挑战,应加强基于生态系统的适应和可再生能源管理,强化海岸带地区的海平面上升综合应对,打造积极有效、可持续和具有韧性的气候变化应对方案。     

Pb2+对青蛤的急性毒性及对其血淋巴液中免疫相关酶活性的影响

采用静态急性毒性实验研究了重金属Pb~(2+)对青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)的生物急性毒性效应,测定了在96 h Pb~(2+)半致死浓度的1/10(TC组)和1/100(SC组)两个浓度胁迫下,血淋巴液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和溶菌酶(LSZ)活性的变化。结果显示:Pb~(2+)的96 h LC50为7.938 mg/L; SC组ACP活性表现为诱导-抑制趋势,除4 d外均与对照组差异显著(P0.05), TC组为抑制趋势,为3个组中的最低,与对照组差异显著(P0.05);实验组SC组和TC组的AKP、LSZ活性均表现为前期为诱导中后期受抑制的趋势,与对照组差异显著(P0.05),且TC组活性始终低于SC组,表现出Pb~(2+)的胁迫浓度越高酶活性受到的抑制作用越大。以上结果表明,重金属Pb~(2+)对青蛤的毒性级别为高毒级,能造成青蛤免疫相关酶的活性受到抑制,影响青蛤的免疫能力,而且这种抑制作用随着环境中Pb~(2+)浓度增加而增加。