青藏高原唐古拉山冬克玛底河流域水文过程特征分析

利用１９９３年５￣９月连续时间序列的资料，对青藏高原唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川区及其流域的水文过程特征进行初步分析。由于青藏高原季风环流的影响，在性质不同气团控制所产生的降水天然过程的降水量差别极大，该区域主要降水集中在６￣８月，Ｔｒｅｔｙａｋｏｖ雨量器对标准雨量器捕捉率的修正量小于天山地区的研究结果，该流域地面蒸发过程较为强盛，各种下垫面的蒸发量占流域水量平衡收入的３７％，土壤蒸发量与水面蒸发和土壤含     

黄河上游径流预报的灰色拓扑方法

以龙羊峡水库年平均入库流量预报为例，根据灰色系统理论的建模方法，利用龙羊峡水库入库水量代表站唐乃亥水文站的实测径流资料，建立了一个ＧＭ（１，１）拓扑预测模型，用于黄河上游径流的长期预报，并取得了较为满意的结果。     

煤的变质程度对焦炭结构构造的影响

从宏观和微观两方面对不同变质程度煤所形成焦炭的结构、构造进行了深入研究。从气煤到肥煤阶段（Ｒｏ，ｍ：０．７７％～１．１６％），焦炭气孔壁厚度逐渐增大；进入焦煤阶段（Ｒｏ，ｍ＞１．１６％），焦炭气孔壁厚度降低。气煤、１３焦煤形成的焦炭结构以各向同性体为主，焦煤、肥煤炼出的焦炭以粒状镶嵌结构为主。由气煤和高变质程度的焦煤形成的焦炭，其气孔以微孔和大孔为主，气孔分布标准差Ｄｓ最大；肥煤炼出的焦炭，其气孔分布大小较均一；１３焦煤和低变质程度的焦煤成焦后，气孔分布状况介于上述二者之间     

华北地区煤的显微组分结焦性热台试验

为探讨煤的显微组分的结焦性，对不同变质程度煤的镜质组、壳质组和惰性组分别进行了显微镜热台加热试验．在加热过程中，活性组分经历了３个明显不同的变化阶段，即变形阶段、胶质体形成阶段以及固化阶段．随煤变质程度的增加，镜质组的初变温度和胶质体形成时的温度逐渐增大，而固结温度变化规律不明显；壳质组在低变质阶段因受热而挥发掉，但随煤级增高其变形程度减弱；半镜质组在受热过程中也有变形和少量胶质体形成，而惰性组只发生微弱变化．在低变质阶段，活性显微组分形成的焦炭显微结构以各向同性为主；随变质程度的增高，焦炭显微结构中各向异性成分比例增大     

催化褪色光度法测定痕量锰的研究及应用

本研究了在ＰＨ＝４．０醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液中，锰催化ＫＩＯ４氧化５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ的褪色反应及其动力学条件，建立了一个痕量锰的高灵敏度新方法，方法灵敏度为１．３２×１０＾－１０ｇ／ｍｌ，测定范围Ｍｎ＾２＋浓度为０￣１．５μｇ／ｍｌ，用于测定人发，自来水，茶叶中痕量锰，结果满意。     

断块开合说--中国大地构造研究的新思维

对板块说应持分析态度，既充分肯定它的创见，又要看到其不足。张文佑倡导的断块说强调地质演化中的陆洋地壳转化，即拉张造洋、挤压造陆。近年来提出的开合说，继承了板块说、断块说和新地槽-地台说的合理内核。笔者认为，断块-开合大地构造说是中国大地构造研究中有代表性的思潮。本文概括了其基本观点，强调了开合中的多模式、多旋回和非封闭性、不可逆性。     

路堤下现浇薄壁管桩复合地基工作特性分析

现浇薄壁管桩和土工格栅加筋碎石垫层所组成的复合地基加固软弱路基具有经济合理，施工时间短，承载力高，沉降减小明显等优点。采用非线性有限元对路堤荷载作用下的现浇薄壁管桩复合地基的工作特性进行了分析，结果表明：在路堤荷载作用下，路堤填土材料中的拱效应、土工格栅的拉膜效应或加筋垫层的刚性垫层效应、桩土间刚度差异引起的应力集中效应保证了大部分荷载由桩承担，有效地减小了总沉降和不均匀沉降。同时对荷载传递机理的影响因素做了分析.     

Quantitative estimation of submarine groundwater discharge using airborne thermal infrared data acquired at two different tidal heights

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays an important role in coastal biogeochemical processes and hydrological cycles, particularly off volcanic islands in oligotrophic oceans. However, the spatial and temporal variations of SGD are still poorly understood owing to difficulty in taking rapid SGD measurements over a large scale. In this study, we used four airborne thermal infrared surveys (twice each during high and low tides) to quantify the spatiotemporal variations of SGD over the entire coast of Jeju Island, Korea. On the basis of an analytical model, we found a linear positive correlation between the thermal anomaly and squares of the groundwater discharge velocity and a negative exponential correlation between the anomaly and water depth (including tide height and bathymetry). We then derived a new equation for quantitatively estimating the SGD flow rates from thermal anomalies acquired at two different tide heights. The proposed method was validated with the measured SGD flow rates using a current meter at Gongcheonpo Beach. We believe that the method can be effectively applied for rapid estimation of SGD over coastal areas, where fresh groundwater discharge is significant, using airborne thermal infrared surveys.     

Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression Studies in Octopus minor

Widely distributed on tidal flats on the west and south coast of Korea, the long arm octopus Octopus minor is one of the important shellfish resources, as     

Submarine groundwater discharge revealed by aerial thermal infrared imagery: a case study on Jeju Island,Korea

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a global phenomenon that carries large volumes of groundwater and dissolved chemical species such as nutrient, metals, and organic compounds to coastal zones. We report the influence of SGD on the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, using high‐resolution aerial thermal infrared (TIR) mapping techniques and field investigations. An aircraft‐based system was implemented using a cost‐effective TIR camera for aerial TIR mapping. Ground‐based calibrations and system integration with GPS/IMU (global positioning system/inertial measurement unit) were performed for the aerial systems. The aerial surveys showed distinct low‐temperature signatures of SGD along the coasts of Jeju Island, revealing large groundwater inputs from the coastal aquifers to the ocean. Multiple aerial surveys over a range of seasons and tidal stages revealed that SGD rates dynamically affect the sea surface temperature (SST) of the coastal zone. The in‐situ measurements supported that SGD has a substantial influence on the coastal water chemistry as well as SST. Our observations highlight the extent to which aerial‐based TIR mapping can serve as a powerful tool for studying SGD and other coastal processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.