济宁市翟村铁矿小体重值与磁性铁品位的回归分析

利用济宁市翟村铁矿勘查过程中取得的体重测试值与磁性铁品位数据进行了回归分析,得出回归方程为y=2.74+0.026x,经显著性、精度检验并结合实际实践,证明该一元回归方程具有显著性,预测精度较高。可以用该方程预测翟村铁矿区小体重值。     

渤海莱州湾地区晚更新世以来有孔虫特征反映的古环境变化

Controlled by climate changes, there were three large-scale transgressions and regressions around the Bohai Sea during the late Quaternary, which were accepted by most geologists. However, a big controversy still exists about the time when the transgressions occurred separately. In order to find out the process of the paleoenvironmental changes around the Bohai Sea in the late Quaternary, the foraminifera assemblages from a new borehole Lz908 in the southern coast of the Laizhou Bay were studied, and then the transgressive strata were indentified. Combined with accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon 14C（AMS14C） and optically stimulated luminescence（OSL） ages, the occurrence time of these transgressions were re-determined. The result showed that three major large-scale transgressions occurred separately at the beginning of marine isotopic stage 7（MIS7）, the last interglacial period（MIS5） and the Holocene. In addition, a small-scale transgression occurred in the mid-MIS6, and the corresponding transgressive stratum was deposited. The transgressive deposition of MIS3 was also discovered in this study. However, the characteristics of the foraminifera indicated the environment during this period was colder than that in the MIS5. By comparison with the global sea-level changes, the paleoenvironmental changes around the Bohai Sea in the late Quaternary can be consistent with the global climate changes.     

玉米秸秆还田和有机配施提高黑土酸中和容量

长期施用化肥导致农田黑土酸化、盐基离子耗竭、养分失衡及作物重金属污染等诸多问题。本文依托吉林公主岭国家黑土肥效监测基地25 a的施肥试验,研究了不施肥对照（C）、N、NP、NK、PK、NPK、厩肥—化肥配施（MNPK）、玉米秸秆还田（SNPK）等8个施肥处理对土壤酸中和容量（ANC）的影响,N、P、K施用量分别为165 kg hm^-2 a^-1、36 kg hm^-2 a^-1、68.5 kg hm^-2 a^-1,MNPK和SNPK处理与NPK处理为等N量。结果表明,施化肥导致表土pH下降0.37~1.39,MNPK和SNPK处理分别提高土壤pH值0.21和0.53。以pH 5.0为参比,N、NP、NK、PK、NPK各处理的酸中和容量ANC_{pH 5.0}分别为对照的42.85%、61.79%、54.05%、82.26%、63.68%;MNPK处理的ANC_{pH 5.0}是对照的1.86倍;加酸160 mmol kg^-1,SNPK处理的土壤pH值仅从7.65降至6.42,表现出极强的酸中和能力。SNPK和MNPK处理的土壤交换性盐基总量SEB分别是对照的1.37和1.14倍,土壤有机质SOM分别是对照的1.32和1.63倍,二者是提高土壤ANC主要原因。总之,有机物料添加显著提高了黑土抗酸化性能及土壤基础肥力水平,研究结果可为东北黑土区玉米秸秆还田保护性耕作及有机肥部分替代化肥实践提供长期试验的理论依据和数据支撑。     

273.15 到 308.15 K下二元体系（LiCl-H2O 和 MgCl2-H2O）和三元体系（LiCl-MgCl2-H2O）的体积性质研究

用高精度振动管在 273.15 至 308.15 K 的温度范围内以 5 K 的间隔对两个二元系统（LiCl-H2O 和 MgCl2-H2O）和三元系统（LiCl-MgCl2-H2O）的密度进行了实验测定密度计。基于 Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT) 方程,对 LiCl(aq) 和 MgCl2(aq) 密度与温度和摩尔浓度的相关方程的系数进行了参数化。 Young的理想混合规则被成功地应用于基于相关的二元解性质关联三元系统的密度。根据二元和三元体系的体积特性数据,根据 Pitzer 离子相互作用理论,得到 Pitzer 单盐参数和混合离子相互作用参数。在本工作中确定了三元体系在恒定离子强度下的混合体积 (ΔVm)。     

澳大利亚西北陆架中生界生储盖组合特征

澳大利亚西北陆架是一个贫油富气的地区,在近年的勘探开发中显示出广阔的前景。区域上包含4个盆地和1个造山带:北卡那封盆地、柔布克盆地、布劳斯盆地、波拿巴盆地和帝汶—班达褶皱带。西北陆架油气绝大多数集中在中生界。中生界发育4套主要烃源岩:三叠系湖相泥页岩、下—中侏罗统海相和海陆交互相碳质泥岩和煤系、上侏罗统海相页岩及下白垩统海相泥页岩;主要储集岩为中—上三叠统三角洲—边缘海相砂岩、下—中侏罗统砂岩、上侏罗统砂岩和白垩系砂岩;主要区域性盖层是下白垩统海相泥页岩。根据生储盖组合的沉积环境,主要发育海生海储海盖型和陆生陆储陆盖型两大生储盖组合类型。海生海储海盖型生储盖组合广泛分布于西北大陆架,是区域最重要的成藏组合。     

Instruments, Detectors and the Future of Astronomy with Large Ground Based Telescopes

Results of a survey of instrumentation and detector systems, either currently deployed or planned for use at telescopes larger than 3.5 m, in ground based observatories world-wide, are presented. This survey revealed a number of instrumentation design trends at optical, near, and mid-infrared wavelengths. Some of the most prominent trends include the development of vastly larger optical detector systems (> 10⁹ pixels) than anything built to date, and the frequent use of mosaics of near-infrared detectors – something that was quite rare only a decade ago in astronomy. Some future science applications for detectors are then explored, in an attempt to build a bridge between current detectors and what will be needed to support the research ambitions of astronomers in the future.     

Gas formation mechanism of marine carbonate source rocks in China

It has been proven in exploration practice that thecarbonates in China not only can generate hydrocar-bons, but also form commercial reservoirs. The car-bonates are different from clastic rocks in view of theirdeposition environment as well as their sedimentaryand diagenetic processes. Therefore, the evaluationcriteria and hydrocarbon generation mechanism forcarbonates can not be the same as that for clasticrocks, and it is important to establish a special hydro-carbon generation mechanism and…     

水文气象研究进展

从面向流域的定量降水估测与预报、流域水文模型、水文气象耦合预报三个方面系统介绍水文气象研究进展。研究指出,融合天气雷达、卫星遥感及实况降水等多源信息是精细化定量降水估测产品的主要发展方向;采用多模式降水预报集成技术是提高定量降水预报精度的重要途径;分布式水文模型是流域水文模型的发展方向;引入定量降水预报的水文气象耦合预报模式可以延长洪水预报预见期,水文集合预报是水文预报方法的有效解决途径,而数值预报模式与水文模型的双向耦合模式是另一重要发展方向。     

“神舟七号”飞船主着陆场区强对流天气的气候背景和环流条件

利用NCEP再分析资料,对2008年8～9月内蒙主着陆场区强对流天气频发和降水异常偏多现象,研究其形成的气候背景和大尺度环流特征.结果表明:前期赤道西太平洋海表温度异常偏低、欧亚和青藏高原积雪异常偏深是其前期气候背景.极涡中心8月位于东半球和9月位于西半球,是场区前期降水偏多和后期气温偏高的原因之一.欧亚经向环流的偏强,有利于南北方冷暖空气的交汇.副热带高压偏强偏西及活跃的印缅槽为场区提供了充沛的水汽和强对流天气必要的扰动能量.中低层偏南风和偏北风在淮河以北地区汇合与维持,是场区降水异常和强对流偏多的主要原因.     

Climate change and human activities: a case study in Xinjiang, China

We examined both long-term climate variability and anthropogenic contributions to current climate change for Xinjiang province of northwest China. Xinjiang encompasses several mountain ranges and inter-mountain basins and is comprised of a northern semiarid region and a more arid southern region. Climate over the last three centuries was reconstructed from tree rings and temperature series were calculated for the past 50 years using weather station data. Three major conclusions from these analyses are: (1) Although temperature varied considerably in Xinjiang over the last 200 years, it was non-directional until the last 50 years when a substantial warming trend occurred; (2) The semiarid North Xinjiang was representative of the northern hemisphere climate, while the more arid South Xinjiang resembled the southern hemisphere climate, meanwhile, (3) The entire Xinjiang province captured the global-scale climate signal. We also compared human contributions to global change between North and South Xinjiang, including land cover/land use, population, and greenhouse gas production. For both regions, urban areas acted as heat islands; and large areas of grassland and forest were converted to barren land, especially in North Xinjiang. Additionally, North Xinjiang also showed larger increase in population and greenhouse gas emissions mainly associated with animal production than those in South Xinjiang. Although Xinjiang province is a geographically coupled mountain–basin system, the two regions have distinct climate patterns and anthropogenic activities related to land cover conversion and greenhouse gas production.