长株潭城市群耕地动态变化及驱动力实证研究

利用长株潭城市群近10年的土地利用调查数据及相关社会经济资料,宏观分析了该区域耕地动态变化的趋势,并用主成分分析和多元逐步回归分析法探讨了耕地数量变化的主要驱动力。结果表明,长株潭城市群耕地资源的时空变化特征显著,耕地呈现出逐年减少的总体趋势;得出社会发展因素、经济增长因素、农业科技水平的提高因素以及国家的相关政策是长株潭城市群耕地资源变化的四大类主要驱动因素;总体上,耕地面积与社会经济发展各因素间的相关系数约低于累计耕地面积与各因素之间的相关系数,说明该区域耕地减少与社会经济发展存在时间上的错位性,即经济和社会发展滞后于对耕地资源的占用。     

黔西北普宜地区下三叠统嘉陵江组沉凝灰岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄、微量元素特征及其地质意义

早三叠世时期频繁的火山事件是导致全球性气候和海洋环境异常的主要原因,前人对早三叠世重要界线时期的火山事件地层开展了大量研究,但对典型界线时期以外的其他火山事件地层却鲜有报道.本文以上扬子西南普宜地区嘉陵江组两件沉凝灰岩为研究对象开展了岩石学、岩相学、锆石年代学及微量元素组合特征等方面的研究.沉凝灰岩样品具有典型岩浆锆石...     

森林小流域的降雨出流机制的探讨

本文简述了森林小流域中降雨—截流—下渗—地中水—地表水各个环节的作用。作者认为,在降雨出流过程中,下渗和土壤中的快速流是非常重要的部分,而地表出流所占的比例是比较小的。一般来说,森林土壤的下渗率比较大,森林流域的贮水能力也是很可观的。这些就决定了森林流域的产流不是霍顿产流,也不同于现在流行的许多产流理论和模式。在湿润地区形成产流区时的特点并非是表层土壤首先饱和,而是地下水位或被地下水支持的饱和毛细管带上升到表面附近使该区发生饱和,因而产生以及维持这种饱和状态所需的垂直下渗和地中水的侧向补给是流域是否发生产流的先决条件之一,而地表流可认为是回归流。此外,流域地中水产流对降雨响应过程可认为是由作用在毛细管带中的水的压力平衡受破坏而引起的,这个压力通过毛细管带传递到饱和带。作用在毛细管带中的水的压力平衡受破坏的原因可以是封存在土壤中的被瞬间压缩的空气压力作用,也可以是降雨直接接触到已发展至地表的非饱和毛细管带的上缘。     

黔西北普宜地区下三叠统嘉陵江组沉凝灰岩锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年龄、微量元素特征

早三叠世时期频繁的火山事件是导致全球性气候和海洋环境异常的主要原因,前人对早三叠世重要界线时期的火山事件地层开展了大量研究,但对典型界线时期以外的其他火山事件地层却鲜有报道。本文以上扬子西南普宜地区嘉陵江组两件沉凝灰岩为研究对象开展了岩石学、岩相学、锆石年代学及微量元素组合特征等方面的研究。沉凝灰岩样品具有典型岩浆锆石的内部结构和微量元素组合特征,两组沉凝灰岩锆石谐和年龄分别为250. 6±0. 6 Ma和249. 1±0. 8 Ma,代表了母岩岩浆中新生锆石的结晶年龄。沉凝灰岩母岩主要以酸性花岗岩类为主,次为中性正长岩类和少量基性岩类。嘉陵江组沉凝灰岩与二叠系—三叠系界线(PTB)凝灰岩及Olenekian—Anisian界线(OAB)绿豆岩具有同源性,形成于活动大陆边缘的碰撞造山环境,源区很可能位于中越边境地区长山构造岩浆带—十万大山火山带,且在陆壳碰撞过程中源区地壳处于持续的增厚阶段,下地壳增厚部位的部分熔融形成补给岩浆上涌并使早期结晶矿物发生了部分熔蚀。本文嘉陵江组沉凝灰岩样品250. 6±0. 6 Ma年龄对应着Smithian—Spathian界线时期的全球性降温及短期生物复苏事件;249. 1±0. 8 Ma年龄的样品对应Spathian亚阶中期极端高温气候和生物再次灭绝事件,再次证明了早三叠世时期频繁的火山活动是导致气候改变和生物周而复始新生和灭绝的重要因素。其原因可能是阳伞效应和温室效应等因素综合反馈的结果,但具体证据仍需要将来更多学科综合研究成果的约束。     

砌体结构的抗震性能评估

利用底部剪力法对太原市（基本烈度为８度）一幢５层砖体结构的宿舍楼进行了抗震验算。根据计算结果，对该宿舍楼进行了震害预测，并对其结构的抗震性能给予了定性评价。     

苏州市GPS城市控制网的建立与精度分析

介绍了苏州原有城市控制基准的情况,阐述了新苏州GPS控制网建立的方法、过程以及设计技术路线,分析了新苏州GPS控制网的精度,提出了一些建议.     

A study of interaction between surface water and groundwater using environmental isotope in Huaisha River basin

The surface water and groundwater are important components of water cycle, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater is the important part in water cycle research. As the effective tracers in water cycle research, environmental isotope and hydrochemistry can reveal the interrelationships between surface water and groundwater effectively. The study area is the Huaisha River basin, which is located in Huairou district, Beijing. The field surveying and sampling for spring, river and well water were finished in 2002 and 2003. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and water quality were measured at the laboratory. The spatial characteristics in isotope and evolution of water quality along river lines at the different area were analyzed. The altitude effect of oxygen isotope in springs was revealed, and then using this equation, theory foundation for deducing recharge source of spring was estimated. By applying the mass balance method, the annual mean groundwater recharge rate at the catchment was estimated. Based on the groundwater recharge analysis, combining the hydrogeological condition analysis, and comparing the rainfall-runoff coefficients from the 1960s to 1990s in the Huaisha River basin and those in the Chaobai River basin, part of the runoff in the Huaisha River basin is recharged outside of this basin, in other words, this basin is an un-enclosed basin. On the basis of synthetically analyses, combining the compositions of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and hydrochemistry, geomorphology, geology, and watershed systems characteristics, the relative contributions between surface water and groundwater flow at the different areas at the catchments were evaluated, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater was re- vealed lastly.     

Variation of fluxes of water vapor, sensible heat and carbon dioxide above winter wheat and maize canopies

Surface energy fluxes were measured using Bowen-Ratio Energy Balance technique (BREB) and eddy correlation system at Luancheng of Hebei Province, on the North China Plain from 1999 to 2001. Average diurnal variation of surface energy fluxes and CO2 flux for maize showed the inverse "U" type. The average peak fluxes did not appear at noon, but after noon. The average peak CO2 flux was about 1.65 mg m-2 s-1. Crop water use efficiency (WUE) increased quickly in the morning, stabilized after 10:00 and decreased quickly after 15:00 with no evident peak value. The ratio of latent heat flux (λE) to net solar radiation (Rn) was always higher than 70% during winter wheat and maize seasons. The seasonal average ratio of sensible heat flux (H) divided by Rn stayed at about 15% above the field surface; the seasonal average ratio of conductive heat flux (G) divided by Rn varied between 5% and 13%, and the average G/Rn from the wheat canopy was evidently higher than that from the maize canopy. The evaporative fraction (EF) is correlated to the Bowen ratio in a reverse function. EF for winter wheat increased quickly during that revival stage, after the stage, it gradually stabilized to 1.0, and fluctuated around 1.0. EF for maize also fluctuated around 1.0 before the later grain filling stage, and decreased after that stage.