First Evidence of Lamprophyric Magmatism from the Konya Region,Turkey: a Genetic Link to High-K Volcanism

In the vicinity of Konya （Turkey）,mafic,micro-porphyritic sub-volcanic rocks intrude into the Mesozoic units,which represents the only example of such a rock type in the region.40Ar/39Ar dating of two whole rock samples from the sub-volcanics gave ages of 13.72±0.13 and 12.40±0.11 Ma,suggesting temporal association to the Late Miocene-Pliocene high-K calc-alkaline volcanism in the region.The mineral chemistry and geochemical data permit us to classify the rocks as ＂minette＂ lamprophyres.They include diopside and phlogopite phenocrysts in a microcrystalline groundmass composed of sanidine,phlogopite,diopside and titano-magnetite.Segregation and ocelli-like globular structures occur commonly in the samples.In terms of major elements,the lamprophyres are calcalkaline,and potassic to ultrapotassic rocks.All the lamprophyres display strong enrichments in LILE （Rb,Ba,K,Sr）,radiogenic elements （Th,U） and LREE （La,Ce） and prominent negative Nb,Ta,and Ti anomalies on primordial mantle-normalized trace element diagrams.Geochemical data suggest that the lamprophyres and high-K calc-alkaline rocks in the region derived from a subduction-modified lithospheric mantle source affected by different metasomatic events.Lamprophyric magmatism sourced phlogopite-bearing veins generated by sediment-related metasomatism via subduction,but high-K calc-alkaline magmas are possibly derived from a mantle source affected by fluid-rich metasomatism.     

天然状态下多年冻土区活动层厚度研究进展与展望

活动层作为多年冻土区水热物理和力学动态最活跃的近地表层，是供给高寒植物生长所需水分和营养物质的关键区，是多年冻土与大气圈、土壤圈进行能水和物质交换的主要通道，也是微生物活动最频繁和生物地球化学循环最关键的冷生土壤层。近几十年来，在气候变暖和人类活动增强影响下，多年冻土区活动层厚度（ALT）普遍增加，对寒区环境与冻土工程产生了不利影响。本文对影响天然状态下ALT空间分异的宏观地质地理和微观局地因子、ALT的野外测量和模拟计算方法、ALT对气候变化的响应特征进行了回顾，并探讨了ALT变化对高寒生态环境的影响。研究表明：太阳辐射及其重分布和下垫面的复合作用是ALT空间分异的主因，在其他因素和条件一致时，高程多年冻土下界和纬度多年冻土南界附近的ALT较厚；近三十年来ALT积极响应气候变暖，随气温升高而增加，但区域差异明显，中纬高海拔和山地多年冻土区ALT大部分呈显著增加趋势，而高纬富含冰多年冻土区ALT因地下冰融化下沉，一定程度上抵消了因气候变暖而增加的部分。本文还展望了ALT未来研究方向，认为应聚焦ALT精准模拟制图、ALT变化的自适应机制、ALT变化对生物地球化学循环的影响和ALT变化对水...     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的城市桥梁震害预测模型研究

针对地震中城市桥梁震害状态具有较强的非线性、复杂性的特点,采用了具有RBF核函数的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)算法。在大量收集我国地震中城市桥梁震害资料的基础上,将此算法引入桥梁的震害预测中,选取了地震烈度、上部结构、地基失效程度、支座类型、墩台高度、桥梁跨数和场地类别等因素作为模型的特征输入向量,建立了最小二乘支持向量机的桥梁震害预测模型。通过反复地样本训练及模型参数设置,仿真结果表明,该方法具有一定的准确度和可行性。基于最小二乘支持向量机的桥梁震害预测方法是一种可以用于地震中桥梁震害预测的良好方法。     

荒漠地区红柳大芸人工接种试验研究

通过2007-2008年对荒漠地区红柳大芸人工接种试验研究,为红柳大芸人工栽培提供理论依据和技术措施。在不同起源红柳林中,使用不同质量的大芸种子,采用不同接种深度和距离、不同接种方法、不同接种时间、不同的土壤、不同的定植模式、不同接种穴数等进行人工接种成功率对比试验。采用株行距1m×3m或1m×1m×3m的宽窄行造林模式、3月中旬至5月中旬用后期接种法接种、用纯度〉70％大芸种子、接种深度和水平距离为60cm和40cm成功率最高。     

Effects of surface drag on low-level frontogenesis within baroclinic waves

Using a three-dimensional nonhydrostatic mesoscale numerical model (MM5), the evolution and structures of baroclinic waves with and without surface drag in case of dry and moist atmosphere are simulated, with special emphases on the effects of surface drag on the low-level frontal structure and frontogenesis. There are two different effects of surface drag on the low-level frontogenesis in the dry case. On one hand, the surface drag weakens the low-level frontogenesis and less inclined to develop the baroclinic wave due to the dissipation. But on the other hand, the surface drag induces a strong ageostrophic flow, which prolongs the low-level frontogenesis and finally leads to the enhancement of cold front. Compared with the no surface drag case, the surface drag increases the frontal slope espe- cially in the boundary layer, where the front is almost vertical to the surface, and then enhances the prefrontal vertical motion. All these conclusions expanded the analytical theory of Tan and Wu (1990). In the moist atmosphere, the influence of surface drag on frontal rainbands is also obvious. The surface drag weakens the convection, and reduces the energy dissipation near the surface when the initial relative humidity is relatively weak. At this time, the confluence induced post-frontal updrafts moves across the cold front and reinforces the prefrontal convection, which is beneficial to the maintenance of the rainband in cold sector. Given the enhancement of relative humidity, the moist convection domi- nates the low-level frontogenesis while the retardation of surface drag on energy dissipation is not obvious, therefore the effects of surface drag on the low-level frontogenesis and precipitation are re- duced.     

Geochemistry and SHRIMP U‐Pb Zircon Dating of Mafic Rocks North of Zunhua City,Eastern Hebei,North China Craton: Paleoproterozoic Gabbro rather than Neoarchean Ophiolite

Abundant mafic-ultramafic blocks and dikes occur in the area north of Zunhua City, eastern Hebei Province, and were previously suggested to be part of a late Archean ophiolitic assemblage. We employed SHRIMP zircon dating and a geochemical study on these mafic and surrounding rocks to test the ophiolite hypothesis. The SHRIMP data suggest that three metagabbro samples were metamorphosed at ～1.8 Ga. Numerous ～2.5 Ga zircons display strong oscillatory zoning, characteristic of zircons from granitoid rocks but not from gabbro, so we suggest that these are xenocrystic grains. The age of these xenocrystic zircons and their metamorpbic rims suggests that these mafic blocks formed in Paleoproterozoic. The surrounding gneiss of intermediate composition also contains 2.5 Ga zircons with oscillatory zoning and 1.8 Ga metamorphic rims. Fractionated REE patterns and Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf negative anomalies to variable extent were observed in the mafic blocks and surrounding rocks, also supporting a significant difference in the chemistry of ophiolitic rocks. Our data suggest that many mafic blocks in northern Zunhua are not part of a late Archean ophiolite complex but part of a tectonically dismembered Paleoproterozoic intrusive gabbro complex. This study shows that late Paleoproterozoic metamorphism occurred in the western part of eastern Hebei Province.     

乌鲁木齐冬季浅薄型焚风对扩散条件及污染物浓度的影响

本文针对峡口城市乌鲁木齐市2013-2015年冬季6个环境监测站、逐时的6类污染物浓度数据,气象数据及风廓线雷达资料,分析了浅薄型焚风对扩散条件及污染物浓度的影响。研究发现：冬季乌鲁木齐出现浅薄型焚风的频率为57.3%,平均气流底高约605m,气流顶高约2108m,气流厚度约1502m;乌鲁木齐市冬季焚风日比非焚风日混合层厚度低200m,逆温层厚度厚344m,逆温差大4.4℃,逆温强度强0.01℃/100m,平均风速小0.1m/s;空气质量各污染等级出现频率焚风日都高于非焚风日,3级高18%,5级以上重度污染高7%;污染物浓度日变化呈双峰结构,并表现为焚风日污染浓度＞冬季平均浓度＞非焚风日污染浓度;污染物浓度（除O3外）空间分布特征为焚风日比非焚风日高。     

塔城地区1960-2018年季节性冻土的变化特征及影响因子分析

利用1960-2018年塔城地区9个气象观测站冻土深度及同期气温观测资料,采用数理统计方法分析了其分布状况、变化特征及其与气象因子的关系,结果表明：近59a塔城地区最大冻土深度均在120cm以上,大值区主要分布在中部、南部及托里,冻结初日最早出现于9月上旬,最晚结束于5月中旬;年最大冻土深度除额敏以4.00cm/10a的速率显著增多外,其余各站均表现为减少趋势,其中克拉玛依减幅最大;月际变化中1月、2月、5月、9月、10月仅个别站表现为增多趋势,其余站表现为减少趋势,而3月、4月、11月、12月9站均表现为一致的减少趋势;塔城地区最大冻土深度年际变异系数均表现为中等变异性,表明其对气候变化的响应较敏感;平均冻土深度年代际变化呈现“浅-深-浅-浅-浅-浅”的变化趋势,从1980年代开始平均冻土深度逐渐变浅;影响最大冻土深度变化的因子主要有年（月）平均气温、平均最低气温及气温日较差。     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FY-4 LIGHTNING DATA ASSIMILATION ON PRECIPITATION PREDICTIONS

Data from the lightning mapping imager on board the Fengyun-4 meteorological satellite (FY-4) were used to study the assimilation of lightning data and its influence on precipitation predictions. We first conducted a quality control check on the events observed by the first Fengyun-4 satellite (FY-4A) lightning mapping imager, after which the noise points were removed from the lightning distribution. The subsequent distribution was more consistent with the spatial distribution and range of ground-based observations and precipitation. We selected the radar reflectivity, which was closely related to the lightning frequency, as the parameter to assimilate the lightning data and utilized a large sample of lightning frequency and radar reflectivity data from the eastern United States provided by Vaisala. Based on statistical analysis, we found the empirical relationship between the lightning frequency and radar reflectivity and established a look-up table between them. We converted the lightning event data into radar reflectivity data and found that the converted reflectivity and composite reflectivity of ground-based radar observations showed high consistency. We further assimilated the lightning data into the model, adjusted the model cloud analysis process and adjusted the model hydrometeor field by using the lightning data. A rainstorm weather process that occurred on August 8, 2017, in south China was used for the numerical forecast experiment, and three experiments were designed for comparison and analysis: a control experiment, an experiment without the assimilation of FY-4 lightning data (NoLig), and an experiment with the assimilation of FY-4 lightning data (Lig). The results show that after assimilating the FY-4A lightning data, the accuracies of the intensity, central location and range of the precipitation predicted by the Lig experiment were obviously superior to those predicted by the control and NoLig experiments, and the effect was especially obvious in the short-term (1–2 hour) forecast. The studies in this paper highlight the application value and potential of FY-4 lightning data in precipitation predictions.