西藏拉萨岩体黑云母二长花岗岩：锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

拉萨岩体位于冈底斯铜、铁、铅锌多金属成矿带东段,是一个典型的复式岩体。通过对拉萨岩体开展详细的野外地质调查和岩相学观察,结合锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学分析等研究,认为拉萨岩体中代表性的黑云母二长花岗岩具有高SiO₂（含量为69.94%～76.62%,平均为72.18%）、高碱（Na₂O+K₂O=6.95%～8.44%,平均为7.44%）、较高CaO（含量为0.68%～2.53%,平均2.00%）的特点,相对富集Ba、Rb、Th,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti,LREE富集、HREE亏损,轻、重稀土元素分馏强烈,Eu负异常明显,是典型的钙碱性I型花岗岩。3件黑云母二长花岗岩成岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为57±0.5Ma、58±1Ma、59±1Ma,表明其为古新世岩浆活动产物。综合研究认为,拉萨岩体黑云母二长花岗岩形成于印度与亚洲大陆主碰撞阶段（65～45Ma）,为底侵作用产生的大量壳源熔体与少量幔源熔体混合并发生一定程度分离结晶后的产物。陆内碰撞环境下的岩浆活动及元素的迁移和富集,为冈底斯成矿带内铜、金等矿产提供了良好的成矿条件。     

风速表检定相关线的直线回归分析

实验证明 :风速表的测量误差不是均等的 ,也不是分段所能表达的 ,而是随风速的增加呈几何递增趋势。风速越大 ,测量的差值也越大 ,所以用一个物理量或多个物理量来表达其修正值都不能正确反应其误差持性 ,只有寻找其相关直线 ,才能表达任意风速段的修正值。在检定风速表时 ,将风速表与标准器（皮托管）置于风洞的工作段内 ,然后将皮托管的动、静压口与风洞外的微压计的动、静压管相连。当风洞工作段在某一气流状态下 ,皮托管的动、静压差可通过微压计的液柱差测出 ,根据道尔顿定律和伯努利方程可导出 :式中 :Ｖ为所测风速 ,ρ为空气密度订正…     

高分辨率CT(HRCT)扫描在腔隙梗塞中的诊断作用

目的．应用高分辨率ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）扫描方法,增加对头颅腔隙梗塞诊断的可靠性．材料和方法：对临床疑有腔隙的病人在基底节区及可疑部位加用ＨＲＣＴ扫描,遇到腔隙病灶与像素颗粒难以区分时,在相同层面或上下１～２ｍｍ处做ＨＲＣＴ扫描．结果：有２０８例常规ＣＴ正常的病例中发现了腔隙灶,在遇到的３２０例不易诊断的可疑病灶中,经ＨＲＣＴ确诊的真正腔隙灶８９例,伪腔隙（像素）２３１例,同时发现对正常腔组织结构的显示要较常规ＣＴ优越得多,结论：ＨＲＣＴ不仅能提高腔隙梗塞的诊断率,还能辨别伪腔隙是弥补常规ＣＴ对腔隙诊断不足的较好手段。     

Dynamic Analysis of the Seafloor Pilot Miner Based on Single-Body Vehicle Model and Discretized Track-Terrain Interaction Model

In order to achieve the complex dynamic analysis of the self-propelled seafloor pilot miner moving on the seafloor of extremely cohesive soft soil and further to make it possible to integrate the miner system with some subsystems to form the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system and perform dynamic analysis,a new method for the dynamic modeling and analysis of the miner is proposed and developed in this paper,resulting in a simplified 3D single-body vehicle model with three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom,while the track-terrain interaction model is built by partitioning the track-terrain interface into discrete elements with parameterized force elements built on the theory of terramechanics acting on each discrete element.To evaluate and verify the correctness and effectiveness of this new modeling and analysis method,typical comparative studies with regard to computational efficiency and solution accuracy are carried out between the traditional modeling method of building the tracked vehicle as a multi-body model and the new modeling method.In full consideration of the particular structure design of the pilot miner,the special characteristics of the seafloor soil and the hydrodynamic force of near-seafloor current,the dynamic simulation analysis of the miner is performed and discussed,which can provide useful guidance and reference for the practical miner system in design and operation.This new method can not only realize the rapid dynamic simulation analysis of the miner but also make possible the integration and rapid dynamic analysis of the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system in further researches.     

Dynamic Analysis of the Seafloor Pilot Miner Based on Single-Body Vehicle Model and Discretized Track-Terrain Interaction Model

In order to achieve the complex dynamic analysis of the self-propelled seafloor pilot miner moving on the seafloor of extremely cohesive soft soil and further to make it possible to integrate the miner system with some subsystems to form the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system and perform dynamic analysis, a new method for the dynamic modeling and analysis of the miner is proposed and developed in this paper, resulting in a simplified 3D single-body vehicle model with three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom, while the track-terrain interaction model is built by partitioning the track-terrain interface into discrete elements with parameterized force elements built on the theory of terramechanics acting on each discrete element. To evaluate and verify the correctness and effectiveness of this new modeling and analysis method, typical comparative studies with regard to computational efficiency and solution accuracy are carried out between the traditional modeling method of building the tracked vehicle as a multi-body model and the new modeling method. In full consideration of the particular structure design of the pilot miner, the special characteristics of the seafloor soil and the hydrodynamic force of near-seafloor current, the dynamic simulation analysis of the miner is performed and discussed, which can provide useful guidance and reference for the practical miner system in design and operation. This new method can not only realize the rapid dynamic simulation analysis of the miner but also make possible the integration and rapid dynamic analysis of the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system in further researches.     

黄、渤海几种溶解态痕量金属(Cu、Ni、Co、Zn)分布特征及其影响因素

海水中的痕量金属在海洋生物地球化学循环中至关重要。本研究在严格采用痕量金属洁净(trace-metalclean)采样和分析测试技术的前提下,于2016年7月采集了渤海与黄海表、底层海水水样,获得黄、渤海几种痕量金属(Cu、Ni、Co、Zn)的空间分布特征。研究结果显示,黄、渤海海水中痕量金属的空间分布具有近岸高、远岸低的特点,体现了人类活动对近岸海域的影响,而其在局部海域的分布则受到沿岸流、冷水团、沉积物再悬浮过程以及生物过程等因素的影响。Cu、Ni、Co在黄、渤海海水中的分布特征较为类似,平均浓度由高到低依次为渤海北黄海南黄海,而溶解态Zn的分布则与其他几种金属不同,在黄、渤海平均浓度类似,整体偏低,具有其特殊性。本研究测定的几种痕量金属在黄、渤海海水中的浓度较以往报道数据偏低,其中易污染的痕量金属Zn的浓度更是低近1—3个数量级,体现了痕量洁净采样和测试方法的重要性。     

基于颗粒流理论的深海玄武岩破碎机理研究

针对深海玄武岩岩芯样品在高围压下难以破碎获得的问题,理论分析了金刚石与岩石的相互作用。采用单轴与三轴压缩实验,获得了模拟深海玄武岩的力学参数;基于颗粒流理论,建立了深海玄武岩线性平行黏结颗粒流数值模型,数值模拟高围压下金刚石颗粒破碎玄武岩的过程,获得了金刚石与玄武岩相互作用的动态力学响应规律,初步阐明金刚石破碎玄武岩机理。研究表明,玄武岩颗粒间黏接破坏主要为拉伸失效,玄武岩与金刚石接触力体现为周期应力,玄武岩产生间歇式裂隙扩散。理论分析与仿真结果基本吻合,表明建模与仿真的正确性,为深海便携式取芯钻机设计提供了理论基础与技术依据。     

GRAPES_MESO区域中尺度模式对贵州温度与降水预报的检验评估

利用贵州2017年实况高温、低温以及降水数据对GRAPES_MESO区域中尺度模式预报的温度与降水产品进行检验,结果表明：该模式对贵州高温预报能力较差,对低温预报能力较好,误差在2℃以内且预报稳定性较高,该模式在小雨预报方面有一定优势,对暴雨及以上降水预报能力较差。从贵州不同区域检验结果来看,该模式在温度预报上为安顺市最好、铜仁市最差,在降水预报上为遵义市最好、黔西南州最差。检验分析结果为进一步改进GRAPES_MESO区域中尺度模式,提高要素预报准确率提供一定依据。     

遥感图像判绘课程教学体系设计与建设

针对新时期遥感图像判绘课程的教学要求,本文系统开展了教学体系设计与建设工作,在准确把握课程定位、科学设定教学计划的基础上,重点完成了“七个一”工程的论证、设计与建设。教学实践表明,新教学体系可优化课程教学条件,提高课程教学质量,实现课程教学目标。     

海洋沉积物孔隙水中痕量金属元素的测试分析方法

孔隙水是沉积物-海水界面链接沉积物颗粒和上覆水体的一个重要过渡相态,针对其研究可更好地了解痕量金属在固-液界面的早期成岩过程。近年来,针对孔隙水中痕量元素研究的方法较为匮乏,为此建立了一种分析测定海洋沉积物孔隙水中7种痕量金属元素(Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd、Co、Pb)的方法,该方法使用Nobias PA1树脂进行富集分离,再使用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)进行测试,可针对孔隙水中的痕量金属元素进行准确分析。通过实验结果发现该方法最优实验条件为: Nobias PA1树脂富集时的pH值为5.5~6.0,洗脱酸浓度为1.3 mol/L硝酸,体积为1 mL。同时,样品需进行紫外消解4 h以上以分解有机络合物,该消解步骤对Cu和Co这两种元素尤其重要。该方法通过加标回收获得Mn、Cu、Ni、Co和Pb的回收率在92%~100%, Zn和Cd的回收率分别为72%和82%; Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni的方法检出限范围为0.03~0.53 nmol/L, Cd、Co、Pb的方法检出限范围为2.66×10^-3~8.60×10^-3 nmol/L,满足孔隙水中痕量金属浓度的测试需求。同时,根据检出限计算的结果显示,孔隙水样品只需1 mL,即可应用该方法进行测试。应用该方法测试了一根采集于北黄海中部沉积物短柱的孔隙水样品,测试结果显示其垂相分布合理、较符合早期成岩过程规律。此研究为分析海洋沉积物孔隙水中痕量金属元素提供了一种准确而简便的方法。