EFFECTS OF PACIFIC SSTA ON SUMMER PRECIPITATION OVER EASTERN CHINA, PART Ⅰ: OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS

With the methods of REOF (Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function), the summer precipitation from 43 stations over eastern China for the 1901 - 2000 period was examined. The results show that South China and Southwest China, the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River, North China and the southwestern of Northeast China are the three main areas of summer rainfall anomaly. Furthermore, correlation analysis is used in three time series of three mostly summer rainfall modes and four seasonal Pacific SSTA (Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly), and the results suggest that the Pacific SSTA which notably causes the summer rainfall anomaly over eastern China are the SSTA of the preceding winter over Kuroshio region of Northwest Pacific, SSTA of the preceding spring in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific, and SSTA of the current summer in the central region of middle latitude. The relationship between summer precipitation over eastern China and SSTA of Pacific key regions was further verified by SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) analysis.The composite analysis was used to analyze the features of atmospheric general circulation in the years of positive and negative precipitation anomaly. Its results were used to serve as the base of numerical simulation analysis.     

太平洋湍流热通量异常与中国夏季降水年代际变化

采用NCEP/NCAR再分析感热、潜热资料,利用EOF方法,分析了夏季太平洋湍流热通量年代际变化的时空特征及其与中国夏季降水的关系。分析结果显示,1951—2003年夏季太平洋湍流热通量距平的年代际分量的EOF前3个模态的方差贡献率分别为32.27%、12.52%、11.10%,且这3个模态分别与中国华北、华南和东北地区夏季降水的年代际关系密切;太平洋湍流热通量年代际异常EOF第1模态的时间系数与东亚夏季风指数年代际变化有显著的负相关。20世纪70年代中期以前,太平洋湍流热通量异常偏多,东亚夏季风偏强,对应华北降水偏多;20世纪70年代中期以后,太平洋湍流热通量异常偏少,东亚夏季风偏弱,对应华北夏季降水减少,干旱化趋势明显。     

华南春季降水的年代际变化及其与大气环流和海温的关系

利用1960—2010年中国降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA提供的海表温度资料以及太平洋年代际振荡(Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)指数,分析了华南春季降水的年代际变化特征及其与大气环流和海温的关系。结果表明:华南春季降水经历了偏少(1960—1971年)—偏多(1972—1992年)—次偏少(1993—2010年)三个阶段。第一阶段少雨期,500 hPa上西风气流较平直,不利于北方冷空气南下,华南地区的暖气团也不活跃,对应的水汽通量散度为异常辐散。第二阶段多雨期,500 hPa高度上,高原北部脊偏强,利于冷空气南下,与华南地区活跃的暖湿气团汇合,对应的水汽场上为水汽异常辐合。第三阶段少雨期,500 hPa西风气流上的槽脊系统偏强,利于北方强冷空气南下,孟加拉湾地区的南支槽填塞,南方暖湿空气向华南的输送减弱。华南春季降水与PDO指数存在正相关关系,从不同季节来看,在年代际时间尺度上,前期秋季的PDO指数与华南春季降水的正相关显著,PDO处于负位相时,华南春季降水偏少,反之亦然;从华南春季降水年代际变化的不同阶段来看,PDO指数与华南春季降水的正相关在1960—1971年少雨期较显著。     

THE INTERDECADAL VARIATION OF THE SOUTH ASIAN HIGH AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL REGIONS

This study aims to explore the interdecadal variation of South Asian High (SAH) and its relationship with SST (Sea surface temperature) of the tropical and subtropical regions by using the NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data from 1948 to 2012, based on the NCAR CAM 3.0 general circulation model. The results show that: 1) the intensity of SAH represents a remarkable interdecadal variation characteristic, the intensity of SAH experienced from weak to strong at the late 1970s, and after the late 1970s , its strength is enhanced and the area is expanded in the east-west direction. The expansion degree is greater westward than eastward, while it is opposite in summer. 2) Corresponding to the interdecadal variation of SAH intensity, after the late 1970s, the divergent component of wind field has two ascending and three descending areas. Of the two ascending areas, one is located in the East Pacific, the other location varies with the season from the Indian Ocean in winter to the South China Sea and West Pacific in summer. Three descending areas are located in the north-central Africa, the East Asia and the Middle Pacific region respectively. 3) Corresponding to the interdecadal variation of SAH intensity, the rotational component of wind field at the lower level is an anomalous cyclone over the South China Sea and West Pacific in summer, while in winter, it is an anomalous cyclone over the Indian Ocean, and an anomalous anticyclone over the equatorial Middle Pacific. 4) Numerical simulations show that the interdecadal variation of SAH is closely related to the SST of the tropical and subtropical regions. The SST of Indian Ocean plays an important role in winter, while in summer, the SST of the South China Sea and West Pacific plays an important role, and the SST of the East Pacific also plays a certain role.     

大气科学类西文期刊刊名的缩写

基于美国气象学会公布的标准刊名缩写,参考了大量文献资料,给出了大气科学类期刊参考文献中常见的143种西文期刊及其相应的缩写刊名、中文译名和出版国,供作者和编辑参考.跣床慰嘉南     

ENSO循环在夏季的不同位相对东亚夏季风的影响

采用ＳＳＴＡ、风场、ＯＬＲ以及中国１６０站降水、气温等资料,根据赤道中东太平洋ＳＳＴＡ的逐季变化,将ＥＮＳＯ循环过程在夏季的位相分为５种型。对其相应的Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流的显著性检验发现,Ａ型与Ｃ型夏季的差别最为显著。夏季要素场合成分析发现。Ａ型与Ｃ型的情形差别最明显。Ａ型夏季的要素场与弱夏季风年的相似;Ｃ型夏季的要素场与强夏季风年的相似。     

1949—2009年欧亚大陆强冷空气活动频次的变化特征

利用NCEP/NCAR提供的1949—2009年sig995层逐日平均温度资料,分析了近60 a欧亚大陆强冷空气活动频次年际变化的地区差异,并讨论了强冷空气活动的区域特征以及各区域强冷空气活动的变化特征。结果表明:欧亚大陆强冷空气活动可分为34个变化区,按照年代际变化及地理位置相邻可进一步归纳为9类地区。9类地区的强冷空气活动年频次存在共同变化特征,例如在20世纪60年代末至80年代中期普遍偏少;但也存在差异,例如80年代中期至90年代初高纬度地区偏多,而较低纬度的中国以及周边地区偏少。值得注意的是,新地岛周边地区以及西伯利亚中、南部地区强冷空气活动频次始于20世纪90年代中期的下降趋势延续至今,近几年欧亚大陆多数地区强冷空气活动频次偏少。     

1955—2006冬半年中国极端低温的时空变化特征

采用1955—2006年全国275个台站冬半年逐日最低气温资料,对中国冬半年极端低温的时空特征和变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明：在全国范围内冬半年极端低温频数变化一致,均呈减小趋势,1983年前后发生了明显的突变;近52 a来最显著的减小趋势位于华北、长江中下游及江南地区,最不显著的减小趋势位于河套地区,较弱的减小趋势位于四川盆地和云贵高原地区;中国冬半年年极端低温事件频数的空间差异明显,各区域极端低温频数突变的年份均不一致,各区域突变前后的极端低温频数存在较大差异,但近年来,各区域冬半年极端低温频数变化均趋于稳定。     

正确绘制科技论文中中国地图的南海诸岛附图

通过“中国知网”检索2012年发表的包含中国地图插图的论文,选择其中25种期刊40篇论文进行中国地图中南海诸岛附图表达形式的调查统计,探讨了此类附图的规范表达形式。结果表明：在40篇论文中,中国地图中南海诸岛附图出现了4种不同的表达形式;其规范表达形式为,南海诸岛作为附图在中国地图中出现,附图包含西沙群岛、南沙群岛等岛屿,中国地图中出现的物理量分布在附图中应以相同形式出现。     

沙瓦特指数的一种迭代算法

为了提高沙瓦特指数的计算精度, 在沙瓦特指数计算方案中引入二分法:先用于计算抬升凝结高度上的要素, 进而计算假相当位温, 再依据假相当位温守恒性质用于计算500 hPa气块温度。与其他方案对比表明, 该迭代算法计算的沙瓦特指数精度较高; 与查表法所得的气块温度对比表明, 该迭代算法得到的气块温度的最大绝对误差为1.36 ℃, 平均误差 (-0.68 ℃) 与平均绝对误差 (0.69 ℃) 数值接近; 迭代算法与查表法之间以系统性偏差为主; 此外, 该迭代算法计算量小, 收敛速度快, 具有推广应用价值。