| 沙瓦特指数的一种迭代算法 |
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| 引用本文： | 王学忠,胡邦辉,吕梅,邹力,倪东鸿.沙瓦特指数的一种迭代算法[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(4):486-491. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王学忠 胡邦辉 吕梅 邹力 倪东鸿 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.解放军理工大学气象学院, 南京 211101 |
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| 基金项目： | 江苏省气象灾害重点实验室项目，中国气象局气象新技术推广项目，国家自然科学基金项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了提高沙瓦特指数的计算精度, 在沙瓦特指数计算方案中引入二分法:先用于计算抬升凝结高度上的要素, 进而计算假相当位温, 再依据假相当位温守恒性质用于计算500 hPa气块温度。与其他方案对比表明, 该迭代算法计算的沙瓦特指数精度较高; 与查表法所得的气块温度对比表明, 该迭代算法得到的气块温度的最大绝对误差为1.36 ℃, 平均误差 (-0.68 ℃) 与平均绝对误差 (0.69 ℃) 数值接近; 迭代算法与查表法之间以系统性偏差为主; 此外, 该迭代算法计算量小, 收敛速度快, 具有推广应用价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 沙瓦特指数 二分法 查表法 误差分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 5/8/2008 12:00:00 AM |
Computation of Showalter Index by an Iterative Method |
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| Wang Xuezhong,Hu Banghui,Lü Mei,Zou Li,Ni Donghong.Computation of Showalter Index by an Iterative Method[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2009,20(4):486-491. |
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| Authors: | Wang Xuezhong Hu Banghui Lü Mei Zou Li Ni Donghong |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Meteorology Institute, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 2111012.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, NUIST, Nanjing 210044 |
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| Abstract: | In order to improve computational accuracy of Showalter Index, a bisection iterative method (BIM) is introduced to the calculating scheme in two parts: One part is the computation of atmospheric properties of lifted condensation level (LCL), which are requisite to potential pseudo-equivalent temperature (PET) calculation. The other is computation of 500 hPa temperature of the parcel lifted pseudo-adiabatically from LCL keeping PET conservation. Comparing BIM with schemes of Zhang shows that Showalter Index computed by BIM reaches an acceptable accuracy level. Furthermore, the BIM is evaluated by contrasting it to table interpolating method (TIM) of Shou through their 500 hPa parcel temperature difference analysis. Result shows that BIM temperatures are less than those of TIM uniformly with the maximal absolute error of 1.36 ℃. Statistically, the average (-0.68 ℃) and average absolute errors (0.69 ℃) are quite close in magnitude, which shows that the differences are systematic ones. The possible cause is that to the BIM, pseudo-adiabatic parcel ascent is considered, in which all condensed water is instantly removed from the parcel. While the 500 hPa parcel temperature of TIM might be obtained by adiabatic process with entrainment of all condensed water, which can be regarded as the inner heat source of the parcel system consisting of saturated air parcel and condensed water of the adiabatic ascent. The physics difference means that the nearer to saturate the air parcel at initial position of 850 hPa is, the larger negative difference in magnitude between BIM and TIM parcel temperature on 500 hPa there is. In the lower section between -5 and 10 ℃ of 850 hPa air parcel temperature, the 500 hPa parcel temperature difference distribution is consistent with the above mechanism. While in the left interval from 11 to 30 ℃ upper section, the magnitude of 500 hPa temperature difference decreases following an increasing process with 850 hPa dew point depression increasing, which can be only partly interpreted through the mechanism. Computational algorithm and adopted experiential formula difference might be the other cause of 500 hPa parcel temperature difference distribution. The BIM is introduced to compute the parcel temperature at given pressure level lifted adiabatically from initial level with known atmospheric properties, which is essential for stability analysis through parcel method. As a result BIM can also be used in the computation of many stability indexes such as modified Showalter Index, lift index, CAPE (convective available potential energy) and CIN (convective inhibition energy). The great computational efficiency and application convenience makes BIM useful for weather diagnostics. |
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