车载移动测量系统在路面平整度评价中的应用

路面平整度关系到车辆行车的安全性、舒适度以及道路的使用寿命,是评定道路路面质量的主要技术指标之一。传统的分析方法大多数都是利用道路纵断面上离散点的高程信息来分析评价道路平整度,不过却存在着人力、物力消耗大,分析结果精度达不到标准的缺点。车载移动测量设备外业采集的激光点云数据包含了丰富的路面高程信息,完全符合路面平整度分析对于数据的要求。本文从激光点云数据中提取出道路纵断面上最大深度信息,进行路面平整度分析,取得了满意的效果。     

Application of high-density resistivity method for assessing construction safety of Shimodong tunnel in Helong City of Jilin Province

Some unfavorable geological conditions can affect the construction of tunnels.In order to evaluate the damage degree of tunnel construction and determine the surrounding rock grade and stability of the tunnel,the authors used high-density resistivity method to detect the surrounding rocks of Shimodong tunnel in Xicheng Town of Helong City.The underground resistivity structures of the entrance,exit and middle parts of the tunnel are obtained.Through analysis,it is found that there are no bedrock faults near the tunnel,although some joints and fissures are developed in some locations,which are characterized by low-resistivity anomalies.The tunnel structures are stable overall,favorable for safe and efficient construction.The study also proves the good application effect of the high-density resistivity method in tunnel safety detection.     

大兴安岭索伦地区哲斯组碎屑岩地球化学特征和锆石U-Pb年龄对沉积物源属性约束

本文以内蒙古索伦地区好仁镇出露良好的中二叠世哲斯组碎屑岩为研究对象,利用碎屑岩地球化学特征和锆石年代学等示踪技术分析哲斯组沉积物源的年代和性质。测年结果显示,哲斯组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分为6组：282~244、352~294、468~379、513~482、802~580、2 500~1 800 Ma。碎屑岩地球化学具有高SiO₂和低Fe₂O₃、FeO、MgO质量分数的特点,说明其母岩为长英质岩石。稀土、微量元素特征及其构造图解显示,哲斯组沉积物源区多具有大陆岛弧型和活动大陆边缘型的特点,少量反映被动大陆边缘的特点。对比研究显示,沉积物源区所反映的大陆岛弧型和活动大陆边缘型的构造环境是不同时期佳-蒙地块拼合碰撞和古亚洲洋南支北向俯冲的结果,少量所反映的被动大陆边缘环境可能是部分基底岩石形成时构造环境的响应。鉴于研究区位于兴安地块东南部,远离华北地块,且哲斯组碎屑岩多为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩、岩屑砂岩,其结构成熟度和成分成熟度较低,显示近源沉积的特点,与其同期的火成岩均显示岛弧或活动大陆边缘的构造背景,据此推测哲斯组应形成于古亚洲洋南支向佳-蒙地块俯冲形成的弧后或弧间盆地环境,物源主要来自于佳-蒙地块南缘与岛弧或活动大陆边缘有关的火成岩,少量来自于佳-蒙地块的古老基底。     

古近系半成岩地铁车站深埋隧道矿山法施工变形规律

本文以南宁轨道交通3号线青秀山站为例,研究了古近系半成岩地铁车站深埋隧道矿山法施工变形规律及施工方法,设计了专项监测方案,对矿山法大断面施工的各项监测数据进行分析研究,重点分析了CD法和三台阶法等不同工法的初支结构变形情况。研究表明,做好地下水的控制可以保障深埋隧道安全开挖和控制周边环境变形;CD法和三台阶法在古近系半成岩粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩,局部粉（细）砂岩等地层中均可以满足初支结构变形要求;CD法和三台阶法均可以选择的情况下,三台阶法更为经济。     

山岳型酒店能源强度与碳排放特征研究

以黄山西海饭店为山岳型景区案例酒店,采用能源消费账户法与碳足迹法对样本数据进行深入分析,系统地研究了案例酒店近5 a来的能耗与碳排放情况。结果表明,水电是案例酒店的主要能耗,其中,用电能耗在酒店总能耗中占比最高,平均为98%左右;用水占比最小,只有总能耗的1%左右。案例酒店能源消耗总量每年约500 t标准煤,年均碳排放量约为3 695.5 tCO₂,呈现逐年增加趋势。2014?2018年,水电能源消耗最大的部门不是客房部和餐饮部等酒店主营部门,而是园林绿化、公用等酒店辅助部门,用水量达到用水总量的39%~58%,用电量达到用电总量的59.41%~66.68%。酒店年平均能源强度约为0.06 t标准煤/万元,每晚游客人均能耗约0.001 t标准煤。案例酒店碳排放量为217.17~257.84 kgCO₂/m²,年均碳排放量为236.79 kgCO₂/m²。案例酒店年碳排放量与能耗强度呈正相关,且随着酒店能耗强度的上升,碳排放总量也随之增加。     

Toxic effects of several phthalate esters on the embryos and larvae of abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

As the most widely used plasticizers in the world, phthalate esters (PAEs) are potential endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs). In the present study, the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP),diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on embryogenesis and larvae development of the marine univalve Haliotis diversicolor supertexta was examined in laboratory. The results show that the malformation of embryos appeared during the experiment, such as embryos died or lysed, small transparent flocculent rings studded on the periphery of the embryo, and the larvae could failed to hatch. In embryo toxic test, embryos incubated at the highest concentration of DMP,DEP and DBP solutions showed significantly high abnormal rate compared with the control, while DEHP solutions displayed no significant difference. In larval toxic test, in all concentrations of DMP, DEP and DBP solutions, larval settlement rates were low significantly than that of the control. Similarly, DEHP solutions show nearly no effect on the larval settlement. The order of toxicity on embryos and larvae is DBP>DEP>DMP>DEHP. Being a simple and easy stimulation to indoor spawn, sensitive to environmental factors, and short culture time, the embryos of 1-1. diversicolor supertexta can be used to indicate toxicity of the PAEs.     

西藏尼玛宋我日火山岩岩石化学特征与构造环境

西藏尼玛宋我日火山岩是笔者1996年在西藏地质调查时首次发现的。该火山岩东西向带状分布于西藏尼玛县东侧,紧邻班公湖—怒江缝合带南缘。该火山岩主要为陆相喷发的中—基性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩,底部不整合在木嘎岗日群(J1—2mg)之上。岩石化学分析表明,其为一套钙碱性系列火山岩,属冈底斯—念青唐古拉火山岛弧主要成员。     

2007年8月10～12日青岛地区特大暴雨过程分析

利用常规天气资料和红外卫星云图资料,分析了2007年8月10~12日青岛地区特大暴雨过程的环流背景、物理量场的特征及其演变,表明与本次暴雨过程有关的主要天气系统有三个:一是副热带高压的变化;二是冷空气与高空槽的作用;三是热带气旋水汽对暴雨的影响。本次降水过程是西风带弱冷空气,副热带高压边缘和热带气旋倒槽向北发展共同作用下发生的,是中-低纬度系统相互作用造成的。     

The hydrogen peroxide impact on larval settlement and metamorphosis of abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

Abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta is an important economic mollusk.The settlement and metamorphosis are two critical stages during its development period,which has direct influence on abalone survival and production.The influence of reactive oxygen species(hydrogen peroxide) on abalone embryo and juvenile development were examined in this study.Larvae of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta were induced to settlement and metamorphose by exposure to seawater supplemented with hydrogen peroxide.They had the best performance at 800 μmol/L.The concentration of 1 000 μmol/L or higher was toxic to the larvae,as the larvae could settle down only at benthic diatom plates without complete metamorphosis.In addition,H2O2 adding time was critical to the larval performance.24h after two-day post-fertilization was proved to be the optimal adding time.In this paper,two action mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide are discussed:(1) hydrogen peroxide has direct toxicity to ciliated cells,thus cause apoptosis;(2) hydrogen peroxide,as a product from catecholamines' autoxidation process in vivo,can reverse this process to produce neuro-transmitters to induce abalone metamorphosis.     

风暴的自动识别,跟踪与预报

利用多普勒雷达体扫描资料对风暴进行实时地自动识别、跟踪、结构分析和临近预报,风暴的识别基于其个连续区域的体积和雷达反射率大于给定的体积阈值和反射率阈值;用矩心跟踪法匹配相邻两时刻的风暴,对风暴的合并与分裂进行了处理;根据风暴在过去各个时刻的中心位置和体积,利用最小二乘法进行线性外推来预报其在下一时刻的位置和面积。结果表明本方法能较好地识别、跟踪和警戒强对流性天气。