Seasonal variability of the carbon export in the central South China Sea

Ocean Dynamics - The South China Sea (SCS) is strongly influenced by the East Asian monsoon system with seasonal reversal. Measurements from a 7-year continuous sediment trap located in the central...     

Devonian integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China

The Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points(GSSPs) for the bases of all seven international Devonian stages have been formally defined and ratified by IUGS till 1996, and nowadays, the main tasks for Devonian stratigraphers include further subdivision of these standard stages, strictly constrained absolute ages for the boundaries, and precise neritic-pelagic and marine-terrestrial correlations using multidisciplinary stratigraphy methods. Establishment of high-resolution Devonian integrative stratigraphy framework and timescale of China would play an important role in improving regional and international correlation, facilitating the recognition of important stratigraphic levels in different paleogeographic settings, and understanding the evolution pattern of biota, paleoclimate and paleoenvironment during this critical interval. Based on well-studied bio-and chronostratigraphy of Devonian in South China and adjacent areas, in combination with recent achievements in carbon isotope stratigraphy, event stratigraphy and radioactive isotope ages, this paper briefly summarize the research history and current status of Devonian chronostratigraphy of China, and for the first time introduce Devonian integrative stratigraphy framework of China.Up to date, few studies have been conducted on the astronomical cyclostratigraphy and high-resolution radioactive isotope dating in Devonian of China, which should be our main focuses in the near future.     

Ordovician integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China

In this chapter, starting with a brief review of the research history and current status in the studies of the Ordovician chronostratigraphy in China, the subdivision of the Ordovician System, definition and recognition of its series and stage boundaries, and possible stratigraphic gaps are discussed in details in order to establish a multidisciplinary stratigraphic correlation through an integrated approach including lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, radiometric dating, chemostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy. Being internationally accepted, the Ordovician System is now subdivided into three series and seven stages, in ascending order, Lower(Tremadocian, Floian), Middle(Dapingian, Darriwilian) and Upper series(Sandbian, Katian,Hirnantian). Three of the seven "Golden Spikes" defining the bases of the Ordovician stages, which were established in 1997–2007, are located in China. As a regionally applied chronostratigraphy, the Ordovician System was subdivided in China into Lower(Xinchangian, Yiyangian), Middle(Dapingian, Darriwilian) and Upper series(Neichiashanian, Chientangkiangian,Hirnantian). This scheme agrees largely with the standard international classification, which can actually be directly applied to China, except for some special circumstances where the Neichiashanian and Chientangkiangian stages of the Upper Ordovician are used. Based on the new studies in recent years and distinctions and differences recognized in the development of the Ordovician System in the constituent terranes of China, a new framework for correlation among the major Chinese palaeoplates or terranes, e.g. South China, North China(including Tarim and Qaidam) and Xizang(Tibet)-western Yunnan, has been established. However, it has been recognized herein that uncertainties still remain on defining the base of the Tremadocian,Dapingian and Katian, and on the correlation between different mega-facies. More specifically, for the Tremadocian, the precise correlation of its base will depend on the better-defined conodont taxonomy, while for the Dapingian and Katian, on the correlation between different mega-facies. It is worthwhile to note that the chemostratigraphic studies of the Ordovician System in China produced the carbonate δ13 C curves for the Darriwilian(Middle Ordovician) and Katian(Upper Ordovician), which show significant differences from the composite global curve. Record of the Ordovician isotopic dating is relatively rare in China, with only three reliable ages from zircons that are all from the upper Katian to Hirnantian of the Upper Ordovician.Abundant bentonite beds in the Upper Ordovician of South China will also provide unique opportunities to advance the isotopic dating and related researches. Studies on the Ordovician magnetostratigraphy need to be significantly enhanced in China, as currently all the available results are restricted to the Lower Ordovician of North China, although they can be correlated with those known from other parts of the world. The analysis of the durational unevenness of the seven stages in the Ordovician supports the possibility to further subdivide the long-durational Tremadocian, Darriwilian and Katian stages, each into two substages.     

湖泊沉积物中磷酸盐氧同位素前处理方法对比

磷酸盐氧同位素(δ~(18)OP)是一种有效的磷源示踪方式.由于湖泊沉积物的组成十分复杂,必须对样品进行除碳处理和纯化处理.本文对目前应用较为广泛的几种前处理方法进行比较,包括NaClO处理和H_2O_2处理等除有机碳方法,以及Blake法和Mc Laughlin法等纯化方法,以期获得适用于湖泊沉积物磷酸盐氧同位素的前处理方法.结果表明:(1)NaClO处理可以保证较高的无机磷提取效率,同时能有效地减少无机磷提取液中有机质含量,且对不同形态磷的破坏较小;H2O2对有机质的去除效果不稳定,且处理后样品磷形态之间发生转化,显著增加了提取的无机磷浓度.(2)Blake法和Mc Laughlin法分别采用磷钼酸铵(APM)+磷酸铵镁(MAP)沉淀和Ce PO4沉淀对样品进行纯化.在纯化处理湖泊沉积物过程中,Blake法优于Mc Laughlin法,主要体现为有机质去除率高,并且磷的回收率较为稳定.(3)经Blake法纯化丹麦Nordborg湖沉积物样品得到的Ag_3PO_4中C、N含量低于Mc Laughlin法且重现性好.本文结合NaClO法与Blake法的优点,建立了一种适合湖泊沉积物的磷酸盐氧同位素前处理方法:首先用2.5%NaClO对沉积物样品进行除碳预处理,然后对磷酸盐提取液依次通过氢氧化镁共沉淀(MAGIC)、APM+MAP沉淀、阳离子交换树脂处理,最后生成Ag3PO4沉淀.     

首都圈东部地区震群序列性质判定

采用传统方法和数字地震学方法（视应力）,对首都圈东部地区2009-2017年发生的震群序列性质进行分析,分析结果表明：①使用传统方法不能确定震群序列性质,可以利用视应力方法进一步分析,该方法能够反映每个震群应力场的变化特征,可以进行异常性质判别;②通过2种方法的对比分析,可以提高震群序列异常性质判定结果的科学性和可信度,为后续地震活动趋势提供有力的参考依据。对2种方法进行震例检验,可知后续地震一般为中等以上地震,在震群（具有异常性质）发生1-7个月后发震,发震位置在震源区附近。     

地震活动性总体参量Rt在北京及邻区地震预测中的应用

采用地震活动性总体参量R_t方法,研究北京及邻区R_t值在中等地震前随时间的变化特征,分析跟踪地震发生前研究区域地震活动状态,探讨中等地震孕震过程的异常信息的变化特征。结果显示:当R_t值大于阈值0.84时,研究区域地震活动状态比较稳定,发生中等地震的可能性较小;反之,表明地震活动处于不稳定状态,具有发生中等地震的危险。检验R_t值的地震预测效能,预测效果比较理想,利用地震活动状态参量R_t研究北京及邻区地震活动状态,判定中等地震发生的风险性,具有一定预测意义。     

张家口蔚县农村房屋抗震性能调查及统计分析

为进一步了解蔚县地区农村房屋的抗震性能,在该地区选取43个村庄、7732栋房屋进行实地调查和统计分析。主要调查房屋结构、建筑材料、房屋抗震构造措施等内容,分析各结构类型房屋抗震薄弱环节及房屋抗震性能,并统计分析经济、交通、地形等因素与房屋结构类型及抗震性能的关系,提出提高该地区农村房屋抗震性能的建议。     

云南测震台网地震监测能力分析

2018年1月云南省测震台网示范工程20个新增测震台建设完成,选取原有48个台以及新增20个台连续48小时数据记录,基于近震震级公式,计算并网前后云南省测震台网的地震监测能力,对比测震台增加前后的地震监测能力,发现:云南省地震监测能力由ML 2.2提升到ML 1.6,局部地区由ML1.4提升到ML0.8。     

Relative energy zero ratio-based approach for identifying pulse-like ground motions

Pulse-like ground motions are capable of inflicting significant damage to structures. Efficient classification of pulse-like ground motion is of great importance when performing the seismic assessment in near-fault regions. In this study, a new method for identifying the velocity pulses is proposed, based on different trends of two parameters: the short-time energy and the short-time zero crossing rate of a ground motion record. A new pulse indicator, the relative energy zero ratio(REZR), is defined to qualitatively identify pulse-like features. The threshold for pulse-like ground motions is derived and compared with two other identification methods through statistical analysis. The proposed procedure not only shows good accuracy and efficiency when identifying pulse-like ground motions but also exhibits good performance for classifying records with high-frequency noise and discontinuous pulses. The REZR method does not require a waveform formula to express and fit the potential velocity pulses; it is a purely signal-based classification method. Finally, the proposed procedure is used to evaluate the contribution of pulse-like motions to the total input energy of a seismic record, which dramatically increases the seismic damage potential.     

Modeling the westward transversal current in the southern Yellow Sea entrance: a case study in winter 2007

Ocean Dynamics - The westward transversal current (TC) in the southern Yellow Sea entrance was investigated during winter 2007 using a numerical ocean model. The three-dimensional structures and...