Climate-Vegetation Interannual Variability in a Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Land Model

The coupled models of both the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (GOALS) and the Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model (GOALS-AVIM) are used to study the main characteristics of interannual variations. The simulated results are also used to investigate some significant interannual variability and correlation analysis of the atmospheric circulation and terrestrial ecosystem. By comparing the simulations of the climate model GOALS-AVIM and GOALS, it is known that the simulated results of the interannual variations of the spatial and temporal distributions of the surface air temperatures and precipitation are generally improved by using AVIM in GOALS-AVIM. The interannual variation displays some distinct characteristics of the geographical distribution. Both the Net Primary Production (NPP) and the Leap Area Index (LAI) have quasi 1-2-year cycles. Meanwhile, precipitation and the surface temperatures have 2--4-year cycles. Conditions when the spectrum density values of GOALS are less than those of GOALS-AVIM, tell us that the model coupled with AVIM enhances the simulative capability for interannual variability and makes the annual cycle variability more apparent. Using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analysis, the relationship between the ecosystem and the atmospheric circulation in East Asia is explored. The result shows that the strengthening and weakening of the East Asian monsoon, characterized by the geopotential heights at 500 hPa and the wind fields at 850 hPa, correspond to the spatiotemporal pattern of the NPP. The correlation between NPP and the air temperature, precipitation and solar radiation are different in interannual variability because of the variation in vegetation types.     

当代人为地质作用的特点、效应及研究意义

现代人为地质作用在各个领域十分盛行，对地球表层产生越来越重要的影响。现代人为地质作用主要表现为人为的风化、剥蚀、搬运和堆积等外生地质作用。人为地质作用往往表现为强度大、速度快、影响范围广、效果强烈的特征，在一些方面甚至超过自然地质作用。当今人类正以惊人的效率和速度改变着地球的自然景观以及地球岩石圈、水圈、大气圈等物质组成结构和能量转化，导致在地质历史过程中建立起来的地质作用和生态环境的平衡状态遭到破坏。人为地质作用既有良性又有恶性地质作用之分。具有正负两种效应，其正效应可以用来为人类造福，而负效应往往造成重大危害，甚至影响人类的生存。开展对各种不同性质和类型的人为地质作用研究，不但具有实践意义，而且在地球科学研究上也具有重大理论意义。     

Oxidation Experiment of Natural Megacrystal Ch'nopyroxene: Implications for Assignment of Mossbauer Spectra

The Mossbauer spectra of natural megacrystal clinopyroxene are usually fitted by 4 sets of symmetric doublets, A-A', B-B', C-C' and D-D', respectively, in terms of increasing Qs value in literature. But the assignments of those doublets are quite different, except the D-D' doublet assigned to Fe3+ at the lattice site Ml in previous papers. Particularly, the assignment and interpretation of the C-C' doublet are diverse.The oxidation experiments of natural megacrystal clinopyroxene collected from the Hannuoba basalt, North China, were performed under controlled conditions of temperature at 1000℃ and oxygen fugacity of FMQ buffer in 1, 2, 3 and 5 days respectively. The oxidized samples were then measured by X-ray diffraction spectrometry and Mossbauer spectrometry. The oxidation of clinopyroxene is characterized by Fe2+→ Fe3+ at Ml under the subsolidus conditions, which is consistent with the increase of the area of the D-D' doublet when the heating time increases. Accordingly, the area of the A-A' and B     

大别超高压榴辉岩高温高压下电导率实验研究

为研究大陆中下地壳高导层成因及与物质组成之间的关系，用模拟实验的方法在不同的温度、压力条件下分别测定了干的和1mol/LNaCl溶液饱和的榴辉岩的电导率.结果表明，干榴辉岩平行线理方向的电导率比垂直于线理方向的高，但两个方向上的活化能相近.在中下地壳条件下，干榴辉岩的电导率比中下地壳高导层电导率值低几个数量级.常温下1mol/LNaCl溶液饱和的榴辉岩两个方向上的电导率对压力具有不同的依赖性；在中下地壳条件下，1mol/LNaCl溶液饱和的榴辉岩的电导率可达到一般高导层的电导率值.无论干的还是饱和的榴辉岩都不能解释大别山20-50km深处的高导层成因，因此，在该深度范围内榴辉岩不可能是主要的岩石组成.     

广东省沿海风随高度变化研究

根据实测资料对我省沿海地区的风随高度变化规律进行了探讨，分析了沿海地区风向、风速变化特点，风速廓线指数律适合于我省沿海地区，根据指数律拟合的我省沿海地区风随高度变化系数小于目前各类规范所规定的系数。     

扬子克拉通东北缘岩石圈地幔的Re-Os同位素地球化学:大陆岩石圈地幔的形成和演化的制约

苏皖地区新生代碱性玄武岩中有丰富的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体 ,测定了 2 0多个样品的Re Os元素丰度和锇同位素组成 ,结果 :Re =0 .0 2 7× 10 - 9～ 0 .375×10 - 9,Os=0 .112×10 - 9～ 3.35× 10 - 9,1 87Os 1 88Os=0 .117～ 0 .134。由代理等时线法1 87Os 1 88Os Yb获得该区岩石圈地幔早期熔体亏损事件的年龄为 1.7Ga(中元古代 )。苏皖地区岩石圈地幔的古老性表明它是元古代后岩石圈拆沉 减薄作用的残余地幔部分。岩石圈地幔经过了亏损 富集多阶段演化。     

RESEARCH ON TIME-DISTANCE INTERPRETATION OF MULTIPLES AND GHOSTS BASED ON MARINE SEISMIC DATA

Currently, the study on the active fault in the land areas is relatively mature, while there is still lack of detection and research on active faults in the sea areas. Marine exploration, which is different from land areas, has a prominent problem due to the existence of strong reflecting interfaces such as water surface and seafloor in the sea, thus the recording is often accompanied by interference of multiples on seafloor reflections. In addition, because of the characteristics of marine seismic exploration, the source exciting in the water and the geophone receiving in the water, ghost wave usually can be recorded simultaneously during the reflected wave propagation. This phenomenon makes it difficult to distinguish the effective waves and the noise, and has always plagued the data and seriously affects the quality of records. In the offshore and other regions of complex structures, such as inclined interfaces, it is difficult to eliminate the interference of multiples accurately by traditional multiples suppression methods, which are based on the horizontal interface assumption. This paper combines the sea area seismic data and its acquisition method, uses simplified model to simulate the multiples based on the time-distance analysis of multiples and their ghost wave in inclined interface. The time-distance characteristics of the multiples and their ghost waves from different interfaces(including the inclined interface)are obtained, and they are consistent with the actual records. The multiples time-distance simulation can help to distinguish the causes of reflected waves, summarize the multiple-wave time-distance characteristics from different interfaces(including inclined interfaces), and analyze the relationship between the characteristics of multiple waves and primary waves. In particular, this simulation has a significant effect on characterizing the internal multiples that are difficult to identify due to inconspicuous periodicity and the multiples of the inclined interface which present the phenomenon that the vertex of the time-distance curve is shifted. On this basis, relying on the time-distance analysis of ghost wave, we analyze the travel time difference characteristics between reflected waves and their accompanying ghost waves. The differences of the travel time characteristics of different orders ghost wave and reflected wave are summarized and the symmetry of the travel time difference between inclined interface and horizontal interface of ghost waves and reflected waves is analyzed. We simulate the distraction of the ghost wave event with the event of the reflected wave and analyze the influence of the ghost wave on the sea area seismic records. These results can improve the practical interpretation of seismic data. At last, the time-distance information is used to synthesize sea area seismic records, which can help us carry out the effective data processing and understand the characteristics of the time-distance and velocity of multiples in different interfaces and the layer artifact caused by multiples. This study combines the time-distance simulation of multiples and their ghost wave with conventional seismic data processing to analyze the pre-stack and post-stack features of multiple waves and their ghost waves in the seismic records of the sea area. The results of this study are conducive to the effective identification of multiples in seismic records in the sea, provide a theoretical basis for multi-wave suppression and prediction, and may facilitate the future study of sea-area seismic activity detection.     

An analysis of anomalous weather and cli mate around the M S= 6.2 earthquake of Zhangbei region

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镁铁-超镁铁岩铼-锇同位素体系分析方法

通过试验建立了镁铁-超镁铁岩Re-Os同位素体系分析方法，包括Re-Os的化学分离纯化流程，Re同位素比值的电感耦合等离子体质谱测量方法和Os同位素比值的负离子热电离质谱测量方法。化学流程包括Carius管溶样，小型蒸馏分离Os，微蒸馏纯化Os，阴离子交换法分离、纯化Re。用该流程测定了汉诺坝幔源橄榄岩、辉石岩捕虏体和大别山饶拔寨超镁铁岩样品的Re、Os含量和Os同位素比值。     

汉诺坝幔源橄榄岩包体的微量元素和Re-Os同位素地球化学：SCLM的性质和形成时代

本文报道了汉诺坝新生代碱性玄武岩中地幔橄榄岩包体的主量、微量元素和Re-Os同位素。14个尖晶石橄榄岩Re、Os含量分别为0.022～0.193ng/g和1.237～4.304ng/g，^187Os/^188Os比值为0.1183～0.1244，与^187Os/^188Os比值相关性不好，但与熔体亏损指标如重稀土元素Yb的含量、全岩Al2O3的百分含量有很好的线性关系，可能反映了地幔熔融后的Re或/和Os的活动。全岩Al2O3、CaO、TiO2含量均与MgO有很好的负相关性，全岩原始地幔标准化REE丰度模式呈现了LREE亏损，表明该区橄榄岩包体是由软流圈地幔经过部分熔融，亏损了玄武质组分后形成的。由Os同位素代理等时线得到该区陆下岩石圈地幔的形成年龄为1.7～2.0Ga，表明尖晶石相橄榄岩所代表的岩石圈地幔是中元古代的陆下岩石圈地幔减薄后的残留体。