磁异常相关的四种物理信号性质分析

建立了一种特殊坐标系,从理论上推导了磁异常强度、全梯度模信号、张量梯度模信号和拉普拉斯信号等物理信号的表达式,并分析了它们具有的物理性质。 采用仿真计算表明:拉普拉斯信号在空间的等值面非常接近于球面,其在平面上的等值线极大值对应磁性目标中心位置,而其他三种信号在平面上等值线极大值与磁性目标中心位置则存在一定的偏差。 而且四种物理信号随测点至磁性目标中心间距离的衰减速度也存在差异,其中, 拉普拉斯信号与距离呈 5 次方衰减,磁异常强度与距离呈 3 次方衰减,而全梯度模信号和张量梯度模信号与距离都成 4 次方误差。     

A dynamic deterministic model of hydrocarbon generation in the Midgard Field drainage area offshore Mid-Norway

The Midgard Field offshore mid-Norway is a gas-condensate accumulation with a thin oil leg reservoired in Early and Middle Jurassic sandstones. There are two potential source rocks in the area; the Late Jurassic Spekk Formation is a marine shale with type II kerogen and a rich potential for oil, and the Åre Formation of Early Jurassic age which is a thick coal-bearing sequence with type III kerogen and potential mainly for gas. Geochemical analyses indicate that both the condensate and the oil leg are sourced mainly from the coal-bearing Åre Formation. Any contribution from the Spekk Formation appears to be of minor importance. Computer simulation of hydrocarbon generation in the drainage area for the Midgard Field indicates that huge volumes are formed, and confirms that hydrocarbon generation from the Åre Formation is volumetrically far more important than from the Spekk Formation. The simulation results also exclude any contribution to the reservoired gas from the Spekk Formation.

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Zusammenfassung Das Midgard Feld vor der Küste Mittelnorwegens ist eine Gas-Kondensat-Akkumulation mit einem nur geringen Ölanteil innerhalb unter- und mitteljurassischer Sandsteine. In diesem Gebiet gibt es zwei mögliche Muttergesteine: Einmal die oberjurassische Spekk-Formation, bei der es sich um einen marinen Schiefer mit Typ II Kerogen handelt und die ein hohes Ölpotential darstellt. Zum anderen gibt es die unterjurassische Åre-Formation, eine mächtige Kohle-führende Folge mit Typ III Kerogen und ein möglicher Gaslieferant. Geochemische Analysen deuten darauf hin, daß sowohl das Gas-Kondensat als auch das Öl des Midgard Feldes auf diese Kohle-führende Åre-Formation zurückzuführen sind. Jede Zufuhr aus der Spekk-Formation scheint von geringer Bedeutung zu sein. Eine durch Computersimulation rekonstruierte Kohlenwasserstofferzeugung im Einzugsgebiet des Midgard Feldes spricht für eine hohe Bildungsrate und bestätigt die Annahme, daß die Kohlenwasserstoff-produktion der Spekk-Formation gegenüber der Åre-Formation zu vernachlässigen ist. Die Simulation ergab ferner, daß keinerlei Gas von der Spekk-Formation dem Reservoir zugeführt wurde.

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Résumé Le champ off-shore de Midgard (Norvège moyenne) est une accumulation de gaz condensé accompagnée d'un mince corps d'huile, accumulation renfermée dans des grès d'âge jurassique inférieur et moyen. Il existe dans le secteur deux sources possibles: la formation de Spekk (shale marins du Jurassique tardif, à kérogène de type II, possédant un riche potentiel en huile) et la formation d'Åre (série épaisse jurassique inférieure, à couches de charbon, à kérogène de type III et potentiel essentiellement en gaz). Les analyses géochimiques montrent que le gaz condensé et l'huile ont tous deux comme origine la formation charbonneuse de Åre. La formation de Spekk ne semble être intervenue que de manière subordonnée. Une simulation par ordinateur de la genèse de l'hydrocarbure dans l'aire d'alimentation du champ de Midgard fait apparaître que des volumes importants ont été formés et confirme la large prépondérance de la formation de Åre parmi les roches-mères. De plus, cette simulation exclut toute expèce de contribution de la formation de Spekk dans la genèse du gaz.

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON ACIDIFICATION OF CLOUD WATER

The numerical simulation on the acidification of cloud water has been carried out withthe assumption that the cloud droplets forming on the sulfuric acid, sulfate and nitrate nucleidissolve acidic and alkaline gases and achieve a gas-liquid equilibrium in a very short time. The resultshows that the acidification of cloud water is not only related to the initial concentration ofacidic, alkaline gases and aerosol of cloud air, but also to the cloud water content.     

ON THE MECHANISM OF TELECONNECTIONS BETWEEN EL NINO AND EAST ASIAN ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

Based on the linear planetary wave theory and observed data,the teleconnections between El Nino andatmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere(NH)are studied.It is shown that the zonal groupvelocity for stationary Rossby waves in the atmosphere is always positive.Thus,the energy of thesedisturbances can not propagate westward.In certain conditions,however,the westward propagation ofnonstationary waves is possible.Going further into this question,we prove that the low-frequency distur-bances over the eastern equatorial Pacific,which are closely related to the large-scale air-sea interactionin low-latitudes,can influence the extratropical atmospheric circulation in the NH along two typical energypaths;i.e.,the waves with wavenumber one(n=1)propagate through the western North Pacific into EastAsia and form the“East Asian Path”,which plays an important part in the teleconnections between ElNino and atmospheric anomalies over East Asia,besides,the waves with n≥2 propagate along the“PNAPath”into the middle and eastern North Pacific as well as North America,leading to the relevant atmos-pheric anomalies to be excited over there.     

非均匀温度场中熔体结晶作用与科马提岩结构成因

具有重要岩石学和构造学意义的科马提岩，最吸引人同时又最令人困惑的特征之一是它的鬣刺结构和分层构造。本文从喷出地表的岩桨冷凝时温度分布、熔体性质与结晶作用的密切联系，把科马提岩浆喷发形成的岩流作为一个冷凝整体。通过与金属铸锭浇注成形和矿石冶炼生产的比较，发现它们在冷凝固结过程中温度场特征、熔体的性质、结晶能力和结晶方式都有十分相似的特点，并以此为出发点详细解析了科马提岩的鬣刺结构和岩石分层构造的形成     

二维全球气候模式的发展——由对流层向平流层的扩展

采用Arakawa的σ-p混合坐标，将李维亮等人发展的一个二维全球原始方程模式由对流层扩展到平流层中层(10 hPa)。垂直分层采用等lnp方案。发展后的模式不仅在计算上具有很好的稳定性，而且能较好地模拟平均温度场、平均纬向风场和平均经向风场及其季节性变化。同时，在模式对流层之上加上平流层后改善了对流层上层环流的模拟。     

Biological marker compounds as indicators of the depositions! history of the Maoming oil shale

The Eocene Maoming oil shale from Guangdong Province occurs as a laterally uniform stratigraphic section, typically 20–25 m thick, from which the aliphatic hydrocarbon constituents of six representative samples were investigated using GC and C-GC-MS. The sediments evaluated included the basal lignite, a vitrinite lens from the overlying claystone, and four intervals from the massive oil shale bed. As expected, the lignite and vitrinite differ markedly from the oil shales. The lignite is dominated by bacterial hopanoids and components of higher plant origin, including C₂₉ steroids and triterpenoids such as oleanenes. Visually, the oil shale samples show corroded and degraded phytoclasts, spores, wispy particles of fluorescent organic material attributable to dinoflagellates and, especially in the uppermost sample, colonial algal bodies. The distributions of biological markers in the oil shales show many features in common, notably a dominance of dinoflagellate-derived 4-methylsteroids, and a significant proportion of higher-plant derived n-alkanes with marked odd-over-even carbon number predominance. Overall, they exhibit several features that resemble characteristics of the Messel shale. The hydrocarbons of the lowest shale horizon suggest that there may have been a gradual transition between deposition of the original peat and the subsequent oil shales. The aliphatic hydrocarbons of the uppermost shale are dominated by a number of C₃₁ and C₃₃ botryococcane homologues and other unusual branched alkanes possibly derived from green algae. All of the samples are immature. Overall, molecular and microscopic examination of the stratigraphic succession of the Maoming oil shale suggests a shallow, lacustrine environment within which peats were deposited. This lake subsequently deepened to support abundant algal populations, especially dinoflagellates, culminating in a dominance of botryococcoid algae.     

疏勒河断裂中段VLF响应特点及地质解释

疏勒河断裂带中段为一隐伏基底断裂。由于规模较大，并且充填了低阻的构造角砾岩，因此对ＶＬＦ有很好的响应。本文分析了该构造的ＶＬＦ响应特点，指出在本区用ＶＬＦ方法寻找隐伏构造的有效性和局限性。     

大同火山群地质及岩石学特征

大同火山群以盆地为对称轴分布,中更新世晚期火山位于盆地的轴部,中更新世早期火山位于盆地两侧。计算的延伸和断裂速率分别为0.43cm/a和0.22cm/a。大同火山群主要属于碱性橄榄玄武岩系列,中更新世早期火山的一部分属于拉斑系列,夏威夷岩是大同火山岩的一个主要类型.中更新世早期火山岩的氧化物变异趋势可能是受高压下Ol+Opx的分离作用控制.中更新世晚期火山岩氧化物变异趋势暗示了是受岩浆混合作用的控制。     

太行山南段中生代杂岩体的岩石成因:元素和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素地球化学证据

通过太行山南段三个中生代杂岩体(西戌、武安和洪山)的元素和同位素地球化学特征的研究。讨论其成因和地球动力学环境。结果表明，西戌和武安杂岩体主要由从二长辉长岩到二长岩的一系列岩石组成，其地球化学性质相似(高Mg^s，具微弱至正Eu异常的REE模式等)。西戊杂岩体的εNd(135Ma)=-12．3～-16．9，Isε=0．7056～0．7071，与武安杂岩体稍有不同。西戌杂岩体的(^206Pb／^204Pb)i=16．92～17．3，(^207Pb／^204Pb)i=15．32～15．42，(^208Pb／^201Pb)i=37．16～37．63，较武安杂岩体的略高。西戊-武安杂岩体都起源于EM1型富集地幔，但被下地壳物质不同程度混染。洪山杂岩体(正长岩-花岗岩)也来自EM1型富集地幔的部分熔融，但属于不同的岩浆事件，并仅受轻微的下地壳混染。太行山岩浆作用的发生可能与古太平洋板块的水平俯冲消减而形成的弧后伸展环境有关。